I. Matching (10%) Choosing the proper explanation in Column B for the literary terms in Column A, writing down the LETTER in your ANSWER SHEETII、Multiple choice (20%)Choose the best answer to the following sentences.III. Questions and Answers (30%) Read the following excerpts and related questions, choose TWO of them and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET Sample questions 1) Where is the excerpt taken from? What does the title stand for?2) Who is the author and what is the authors reputation and style? 3) What is the theme of the short story? IV. Reading Short story (40%)Read the attached short story write no more than 300-word essay concerning its theme, catheterization, and technique in plot design or language. Illustrate your point with examples 1. 本學(xué)期作家及作品(備注:其中加黑字體的作家的作品做精讀分析)）殖民地及啟蒙時期美國文學(xué)Benjamin Franklin -humanism 人文主義者 -works:The Autobiography 自傳Thomas PlainCommon Sense 常識）美國浪漫主義Ralph W. Emerson1.Masterpieces: Nature, American Scholar , Self-Reliance,the divinity school address, essays:first series, essays: traits, the conduct of life , poems, may-day and other pieces2.Essayist, poet, clergyman3.British Romanticism: be friend with the “ Lake poets”4.against the religious doctrine and call for an independence culture5.The founder and greatest master of Transcendentalism 6.Emersons definition of SUCCESS: To laugh often and much, to win the respect of intelligent people and the affection of children, to earn the appreciation of honest critics and endure the betrayal of false friend , to appreciate beauty, to find the best in others, to leave the world a bit better, whether by a healthy child, a garden patch to know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived. This is to have succeeded. Henry David Thoreau1.a practitioner of Emersons idea a social activistI would not have anyone adopt my mode of living, each should find out his own way, not his neighbors or his parentsThoreaus definition of HAPPINESS: Happiness is like a butterfly, the more you chase it , the more it will elude you, but if you turn your attention to other things, it will come and sit softly on you shoulderMasterpieces: Walt Whitman, 1.poet an American literary pioneer2. masterpieces:Leaves of Grass a varied range of thematic concerns (序言4) free verse-a new era of American literatureEmily Dickinson1. the ghost that haunts American Lily of a lady The New York nunRevolutionary poetAmericanness2. masterpieces:3. Critics on Dickinsons Poem: She had a tendency to look inwardly She had an uneasy balance of faith and skepticism. Although she believes in immortality, she is ambivalent about the possibility of achieving it.She has a sense of both the inherent beauty and the frightening coldness of the world She believes in the unity of beauty, truth and goodness.Nathaniel Hawthorne1.his reputation:Colonial history, dark romanticism, psychological romance2. his thematic concern:A) the ethical problem (sin and evil, punishment, atonement)b) Puritan New England c) History and antiquity d) Alienation MelvilleA major literary figure whose exploration of psychological and metaphysical themeA writer that not gained recognition by the counterparts of his time (Not recognized until 1920)Notes: historical background: the westward movement , the industrialization Allan Poe1.poet, fictionist, critics the most Romanticart for arts sake (序言5) , poet, fictionist, critics 2. Poes Poetic Theory : Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones “Death is the most melancholy subject available for a poet, and that the death of a beautiful women is unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world” the function of poetry is not to describe and interpret earthly experience, but to create a mood in which the soul is elevated to supernal beauty Poetry as the rhythmical creation of beauty3.Critics on The Raven: Poe has taken his favorite theme and made it universally understandable and fascinating.Poe was a moody bookworm, and Virginia Poes health had been declining since 1842 and his lifes entire tone is perfectly encapsulated in The Raven.Through The Raven, Poe makes his personal, introverted hell strangely mesmerizing and attractive to all, and as a result. 4.Poe as a Fictionist : The father of modern short story”“The father of detective story, macabre tale”-employ psychoanalysis in story-telling 5. Theme of Poes story love and hate. Self vs. Alter Ego. The Power of the Dead over the Living6. masterpieces:Washing Irving1.Father of American fiction The Sketch Book the first American to get international fame - short story as American literary genre 2.Masterpiece :The Sketch BookJames Fenimore CooperAmericans first border writers-introduce “ the West” element into American literary -create a myth of the formative period of American nation Masterpiece :The Leather-stocking Tales3）美國現(xiàn)實主義與自然主義文學(xué)Mark Twain1.A unique variation of American realism subject matter: the life of a small, well-defined region or province customs, dialects, costumes, landscape, or other peculiarities that have escaped standardizing cultural influence2. Mark Twain and Local-colorism(a) His work sums up the tradition of American humor and frontier realism(b) His greatest achievement on literature is his use of the colloquial dialect and his portrayal of the locale absquatulate (to leave)flabbergasted (to be amazed)Rampacious (unruly, rampaging)3. Mark Twain & Humor“ HUMOR is the great thing, the saving thing. The minute it crops up, all our irritations and resentments slip away and a sunny spirit takes their place.”How to Tell a Story a summary of the American Humor literature of early periodsa) Exaggerationb) Antithesisc) Satire 4. Mark Twain and his work (a)Early Period: Humorous and Tolerant Masterpieces: The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County; The Innocent Abroad(b)Later Period: Acute Sarcastic and Sharp Criticism Masterpieces:The Glide Age; The Adventures of Tom Sawyers; The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnJack LondonThe Sea Wolf (1904), super man image, influence of Nietzche Martin Eden (1909), autobiographical -The Call of the WideHenry James序言5-7, p.76 (Unit9) 1. born in New York, wealthy 2. novelist, critics and literary theorists. 3. thematic concern: the moral and psychological complication when American innocence meets European sophistication 4. the founder of psychological realismomniscient, inner monologue “Deeply into the individual psychology of his characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience ”Novel of manners The Art of Fiction - point of view-round, flat character Henry James and his works1. first period (1865-1882) -international themessubject matter: Americans in Europe, or Europeans in America theme: clashes between two different cultures and the emotional and moral problems The American Daisy Miller The Portrait of a Lady 2. Middle period : James experimented with different themes and formsThe Turn of the Screw (1898)The Beast in the Jungle (1903)3. Late Period: international themeWhat Maisie Knows ( l