附 錄 Transmission shaft important components and fault diagnosis ruled out Universal joint is a key component of car transmission. In front of a rear wheel drive car engine, transmission shaft installed in universal output shaft and axles Lord reducer between input shaft； And lead the engine of the car front wheel drive shaft is omitted, gimbal installed in both responsible for driving and be responsible for steering the front axle half shaft between with wheels. Automobile is a movement of the object. On the drive cars, engine, clutch and transmission as a whole, and installed in the frame by frame drive axle of elastic suspension connecting with a distance, both between, need to undertake connection. Auto operation of pavement produces jumpy, rough load variation or two assembly installation position difference, will make the transmission output shaft and axles Lord deceleration . In engine front rear wheel drive (or with all-wheel drive) bus and because cars in athletic process suspension deformation, the drive shaft Lord reducer input shaft and transmission (or FenDongXiang) output shaft often had relative motion between, in addition, in order to effectively avoid some institutions or device (cant achieve linear transmission), must have a device to achieve power, then the normal transmission appeared gimbal transmission. Gimbal transmission must have the following features: A, guaranteed by the relative position between the two axis within the expected changes, can reliably transfer power；B, assure that connects the two axis can even work. Because universal arising from the Angle of additional load, vibration and noise should be in the range of allowable； C, transmission efficiency should be high, long service life, simple structure, easy fabrication, maintenance easy. For car is concerned, due to a cross axis gimbal output shaft relative to the input shaft (have certain Angle) is not constant rotation, therefore, must adopt double gimbal (or more), and the universal shaft driving with two linked to decorate in the same plane cardan, and make two gimbal Angle are equal. It is very important. In the design should minimize the Angle of universal. Auto transmission shaft common fault performance for damage, wear, deformation and lost dynamic balance, resulting in driving car produce abnormal sound and vibration car transmission shaft common faults, these auto transmission shaft common faults will cause serious damage to the relevant components. Vehicle, in starting or urgent acceleration out Gordon sound, but obviously shows part of the desert feeling, pine, if not driving axle gears shaft is loose desert pine desert part. The site is nothing else but loose labels bearing or steel bowl of universals cross with lugs fork, telescopic sets of spline shaft and spline sets. Generally speaking, the shaft with bearing desert trunnion amount shall not exceed spline 0.13 mm, telescopic with spline set of meshing gap should not be more than 0.3 mm. More than use limit shall repair Automobile driving if chassis happen buzz sound, and running speed, the higher the voice is bigger. The auto transmission shaft is usually due to common faults of universals cross axes and bearing wear pine, transmission shaft desert intermediate bearings wear, middle rubber bearing damage or hanger loose, or because the position by fixed hanger wrong. Axle shaft deflection and whether interference occurs. If the car runs with the increased speed, and increase noise with jitter, this car is usually due to transmission shaft common faults caused lose balance. This vibration most obvious in driving indoor feeling. The balabcing dynamic balance shafts should be less than is 100 g. cm. Dynamic balance shafts will lead to failure serious damage to the relevant components. The most common automobile transmission shaft common failures are clutch shell crack and the middle rubber bearing fatigue damage. Among the shaft installed in the maintenance of pylon is very important. If hanger installation location undeserved, can increase working resistance and noise transmission, resulting in bearing early damage. This kind of car transmission shaft common failure probability is very big, then solve the auto transmission shaft common faults in the way is: reinstall hanger, first hanger retaining bolt dont tightened with cars driving wheel apart, hang low ground jack block, slowly rotating shaft and hanger automatic transmission shaft to find are and then the hanger retaining bolt tightened. 傳動軸重要部件及故障診斷排除 萬向節(jié)是汽車傳動軸上的關(guān)鍵部件。在前置發(fā)動機后輪驅(qū)動的車輛上，萬向節(jié)傳動軸安裝在變速器 輸出軸與驅(qū)動橋主減速器輸入軸之間；而前置發(fā)動機前輪驅(qū)動的車輛省略了傳動軸，萬向節(jié)安裝在既負(fù)責(zé)驅(qū)動又負(fù)責(zé)轉(zhuǎn)向的前橋半軸與車輪之間。汽車是一個運動的物體。在后驅(qū)動汽車上，發(fā)動機、離合器與變速器作為一個整體安裝在車架上，而驅(qū)動橋通過彈性懸掛與車架連接，兩者之間有一個距離，需要進行連接。汽車運行中路面不平產(chǎn)生跳動，負(fù)荷變化或者兩個總成安裝位置差異，都會使得變速器輸出軸與驅(qū)動橋主減速器輸入軸之間的夾角和距離發(fā)生變化，因此要用一個“以變應(yīng)變”的裝置來解決這一個問題，因此就有了萬向節(jié)。 在發(fā)動機前置后輪驅(qū)動（或全輪驅(qū)動） 的汽車上，由于汽車在運動過程中懸架變形，驅(qū)動軸主減速器輸入軸與變速器（或分動箱）輸出軸間經(jīng)常有相對運動，此外，為有效避開某些機構(gòu)或裝置（無法實現(xiàn)直線傳遞），必須有一種裝置來實現(xiàn)動力的正常傳遞，于是就出現(xiàn)了萬向節(jié)傳動。萬向節(jié)傳動必須具備以下特點： a 、保證所連接兩軸的相對位置在預(yù)計范圍內(nèi)變動時，能可靠地傳遞動力； b 、保證所連接兩軸能均勻運轉(zhuǎn)。由于萬向節(jié)夾角而產(chǎn)生的附加載荷、振動和噪聲應(yīng)在允許范圍內(nèi)； c 、傳動效率要高，使用壽命長，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，制造方便，維修容易。對汽車而言，由于一個十字軸萬向節(jié)的輸出軸相對于輸 入軸（有一定的夾角）是不等速旋轉(zhuǎn)的，為此必須采用雙萬向節(jié)（或多萬向節(jié)）傳動，并把同傳動軸相連的兩個萬向節(jié)叉布置在同一平面，且使兩萬向節(jié)的夾角相等。這一點是十分重要的。在設(shè)計時應(yīng)盡量減小萬向節(jié)的夾角。 汽車傳動軸常見故障表現(xiàn)為傳動軸損壞、磨損、變形以及失去動平衡，造成汽車在行駛中產(chǎn)生異響和振動的汽車傳動軸常見故障，這些汽車傳動軸常見故障嚴(yán)重時會導(dǎo)致相關(guān)部件的損壞。汽車行駛中，在起步或急加速時發(fā)出“格登”的聲響，而且明顯表現(xiàn)出機件松曠的感覺，如果不是驅(qū)動橋傳動齒輪松曠則顯然是傳動軸機件松曠。松曠的部位不 外乎是萬向節(jié)十字軸承或鋼碗與凸緣叉，伸縮套的花鍵軸與花鍵套。一般來講，十字軸軸徑與軸承曠量不應(yīng)超過0.13mm,伸縮花鍵軸與花鍵套嚙合間隙不應(yīng)大于 0.3mm。超過使用極限應(yīng)當(dāng)修復(fù)或更換。 汽車傳動軸常見故障表現(xiàn)為傳動軸損壞、磨損、變形以及失去動平衡，造成汽車在行駛中產(chǎn)生異響和振動的汽車傳動軸常見故障，這些汽車傳動軸常見故障嚴(yán)重時會導(dǎo)致相關(guān)部件的損壞。汽車行駛中，在起步或急加速時發(fā)出“格登