0 附錄 1 外文譯文  數控技術和裝備發展趨勢及對策   機械論文   裝備工業的技術水平和現代化程度決定著整個國民經濟的水平和現代化程度，數控技術及裝備是發展新興高新技術產業和尖端工業（如信息技術及其產業、生物技術及其產業、航空、航天等國防工業產業）的使能技術和最基本的裝備。馬克思曾經說過 “ 各種經濟時代的區別，不在于生產什么，而在于怎樣生產，用什么勞動資料生產 ” 。制造技術和裝備就是人類生產活動的最基本的生產資料，而數控技術又是當今先進制造技術和裝備最核心的技術。當今世界各國制造業廣泛采用數控技術，以提高制造能力和水 平，提高對動態多變市場的適應能力和競爭能力。此外世界上各工業發達國家還將數控技術及數控裝備列為國家的戰略物資，不僅采取重大措施來發展自己的數控技術及其產業，而且在 “ 高精尖 ” 數控關鍵技術和裝備方面對我國實行封鎖和限制政策。總之，大力發展以數控技術為核心的先進制造技術已成為世界各發達國家加速經濟發展、提高綜合國力和國家地位的重要途徑。      數控技術是用數字信息對機械運動和工作過程進行控制的技術，數控裝備是以數控技術為代表的新技術對傳統制造產業和新興制造業的滲透形成的機電一體化產品，即所謂的數字化裝備，其技術 范圍覆蓋很多領域： (1)機械制造技術； (2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術； (3)自動控制技術； (4)伺服驅動技術；(5)傳感器技術； (6)軟件技術等。   1                    1 數控技術的發展趨勢      數控技術的應用不但給傳統制造業帶來了革命性的變化，使制造業成為工業化的象征，而且隨著數控技術的不斷發展和應用領域的擴大，他對國計民生的一些重要行業（ IT、汽車、輕工、醫療等）的發展起著越來越重要的作用，因為這些行業所需裝備的數字化已是現代發展的大趨勢。從目前世界上數控技術及其裝備發展的趨勢來 看，其主要研究熱點有以下幾個方面 1 4。      1 1 高速、高精加工技術及裝備的新趨勢      效率、質量是先進制造技術的主體。高速、高精加工技術可極大地提高效率，提高產品的質量和檔次，縮短生產周期和提高市場競爭能力。為此日本先端技術研究會將其列為 5 大現代制造技術之一，國際生產工程學會（ CIRP）將其確定為 21 世紀的中心研究方向之一。      在轎車工業領域，年產 30 萬輛的生產節拍是 40 秒 /輛，而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點問題之一；在航空和宇航工業領域，其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋，剛度很 差，材料為鋁或鋁合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下，才能對這些筋、壁進行加工。近來采用大型整體鋁合金坯料 “ 掏空 ” 的方法來制造機翼、機身等大型零件來替代多個零件通過眾多的鉚釘、螺釘和其他聯結方式拼裝，使構件的強度、剛度和可靠性得到提高。這些都對加工裝備提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。      從 EMO2001 展會情況來看，高速加工中心進給速度可達 80m/min，甚至更高，空運行速度可達 100m/min 左右。目前世界上許多汽車廠，包括我國的上海通用汽車公司，已經采用以高速加工中心組成的生產線部分替代組合 機床。美國 CINCINNATI 公司的 HyperMach 機床進給速度最大達 60m/min，快速為100m/min，加速度達 2g，主軸轉速已達 60 000r/min。加工一薄壁飛機零件， 2 只用 30min，而同樣的零件在一般高速銑床加工需 3h，在普通銑床加工需 8h；德國 DMG 公司的雙主軸車床的主軸速度及加速度分別達 12*!000r/mm 和 1g。      在加工精度方面，近 10 年來，普通級數控機床的加工精度已由 10m提高到 5m ，精密級加工中心則從 3 5m ，提高到 1 1.5m ，并且超精密加工精度已開始進入納米級 (0.01m) 。      在可靠性方面，國外數控裝置的 MTBF 值已達 6 000h 以上，伺服系統的 MTBF 值達到 30000h 以上，表現出非常高的可靠性。  為了實現高速、高精加工，與之配套的功能部件如電主軸、直線電機得到了快速的發展，應用領域進一步擴大。      1.2 五軸聯動加工和復合加工機床快速發展      采用 5 軸聯動對三維曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳幾何形狀進行切削，不僅光潔度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般認為， 1 臺 5 軸聯動機床的效率可以等于 2 臺 3 軸聯動機床，特別是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料銑刀進行高 速銑削淬硬鋼零件時， 5 軸聯動加工可比 3 軸聯動加工發揮更高的效益。但過去因 5 軸聯動數控系統、主機結構復雜等原因，其價格要比 3 軸聯動數控機床高出數倍，加之編程技術難度較大，制約了 5 軸聯動機床的發展。      當前由于電主軸的出現，使得實現 5 軸聯動加工的復合主軸頭結構大為簡化，其制造難度和成本大幅度降低，數控系統的價格差距縮小。因此促進了復合主軸頭類型 5 軸聯動機床和復合加工機床（含 5 面加工機床）的發展。      在 EMO2001 展會上，新日本工機的 5 面加工機床采用復合主軸頭，可實現 4 個垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加 工，使得 5 面加工和 5 軸加工可在同一臺機床上實現，還可實現傾斜面和倒錐孔的加工。德國 DMG 公司展出DMUVoution 系列加工中心，可在一次裝夾下 5 面加工和 5 軸聯動加工，可由 CNC系統控制或 CAD/CAM 直接或間接控制。   3    1.3 智能化、開放式、網絡化成為當代數控系統發展的主要趨勢。      21世紀的數控裝備將是具有一定智能化的系統，智能化的內容包括在數控系統中的各個方面：為追求加工效率和加工質量方面的智能化，如加工過程的自適應控制，工藝參數自動生成；為提高驅動性能及使用連接方便的智能化，如前饋控制 、電機參數的自適應運算、自動識別負載自動選定模型、自整定等；簡化編程、簡化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自動編程、智能化的人機界面等；還有智能診斷、智能監控方面的內容、方便系統的診斷及維修等。      為解決傳統的數控系統封閉性和數控應用軟件的產業化生產存在的問題。目前許多國家對開放式數控系統進行研究，如美國的 NGC(未來的工作站 / 機器控制 )、歐共體的 OSACA、日本的 OSEC，中國的 ONC等。數控系統開放化已經成為數控系統的未來之路。所謂開放式數控系統就是數控系統的開發可以在統一的運行平臺上，面向機床廠家 和最終用戶，通過改變、增加或剪裁結構對象（數控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶的特殊應用和技術訣竅集成到控制系統中，快速實現不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數控系統，形成具有鮮明個性的名牌產品。目前開放式數控系統的體系結構規范、通信規范、配置規范、運行平臺、數控系統功能庫以及數控系統功能軟件開發工具等是當前研究的核心。      網絡化數控裝備是近兩年國際著名機床博覽會的一個新亮點。數控裝備的網絡化將極大地滿足生產線、制造系統、制造企業對信息集成的需求，也是實現新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業、全球制造的基礎單 元。國內外一些著名數控機床和數控系統制造公司都在近兩年推出了相關的新概念和樣機，如在 EMO2001展中，日本山崎馬扎克（ Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProduction  Center” （智能生產控制中心，簡稱 CPC)；日本大隈（ Okuma）機床公司展出 “IT  plaza” （信息技術廣場，簡稱 IT廣場 )；德國西門子 (Siemens)公司展出的開放制造環境，簡稱 OME）等，反映了數控機床加工向網絡化方向發展的趨勢。      1.4 重視新技術標準、規范的建立   4    1.4.1 關于數控系統設計開發規范      如前所述，開放式數控系統有更好的通用性、柔性、適應性、擴展性，美國、歐共體和日本等國紛紛實施戰略發展計劃，并進行開放式體系結構數控系統規范 (OMAC、 OSACA、 OSEC)的研究和制定，世界 3 個最大的經濟體在短期內進行了幾乎相同的科學計劃和規范的制定，預示了數控技術的一個新的變革時期的來臨。我國在 2000 年也開始進行中國的 ONC 數控系統的規范框架的研究和制定。     1.4.2 關于數控標準      數控標準是制造業信息化發展的一種趨勢。數控技術誕生后的 50 年間的信息交換都是基于 ISO6983 標準， 即采用 G， M 代碼描述如何（ how）加工，其本質特征是面向加工過程，顯然，他已越來越不能滿足現代數控技術高速發展的需要。為此，國際上正在研究和制定一種新的 CNC 系統標準 ISO14649（ STEP NC)，其目的是提供一種不依賴于具體系統的中性機制，能夠描述產品整個生命周期內的統一數據模型，從而實現整個制造過程，乃至各個工業領域產品信息的標準化。      STEP-NC 的出現可能是數控技術領域的一次革命，對于數控技術的發展乃至整個制造業，將產生深遠的影響。首先， STEP-NC 提出一種嶄新的制造理念，傳統的制造理 念中， NC 加工程序都集中在單個計算機上。而在新標準下，NC 程序可以分散在互聯網上，這正是數控技術開放式、網絡化發展的方向。其次， STEP-NC 數控系統還可大大減少加工圖紙（約 75）、加工程序編制時間（約 35）和加工時間（約 50）。      目前，歐美國家非常重視 STEP-NC 的研究，歐洲發起了 STEP-NC 的 IMS計劃 (1999.1.1 2001.12.31)。參加這項計劃的有來自歐洲和日本的 20 個CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC 用戶、廠商和學術機構。美國的 STEP Tools 公司是全球范圍內制造業數 據交換軟件的開發者，他已經開發了用作數控機床加工信息交換 5 的超級模型 (Super Model)，其目標是用統一的規范描述所有加工過程。目前這種新的數據交換格式已經在配備了 SIEMENS、 FIDIA 以及歐洲 OSACA-NC 數控系統的原型樣機上進行了驗證。        2 對我國數控技術及其產業發展的基本估計  我國數控技術起步于 1958 年，近 50 年的發展歷程大致可分為 3 個階段：第一階段從 1958 年到 1979 年，即封閉式發展階段。在此階段，由于國外的技術封鎖和我國的基礎條件的限制，數控技術的發展較為緩慢。第二階段是 在國家的 “ 六五 ” 、 “ 七五 ” 期間以及 “ 八五 ” 的前期，即引進技術，消化吸收，初步建立起國產化體系階段。在此階段，由于改革開放和國家的重視，以及研究開發環境和國際環境的改善，我國數控技術的研究、開發以及在產品的國產化方面都取得了長足的進步。第三階段是在國家的 “ 八五 ” 的后期和 “ 九五 ”期間，即實施產業化的研究，進入市場競爭階段。在此階段，我國國產數控裝備的產業化取得了實質性進步。在 “ 九五 ” 末期，國產數控機床的國內市場占有率達 50，配國產數控系統（普及型）也達到了 10。      縱觀我國數控技術近 50 年的發展歷程， 特別是經過 4 個 5 年計劃的攻關，總體來看取得了以下成績。      1.奠定了數控技術發展的基礎，基本掌握了現代數控技術。我國現在已基本掌握了從數控系統、伺服驅動、數控主機、專機及其配套件的基礎技術，其中大部分技術已具備進行商品化開發的基礎，部分技術已商品化、產業化。      2.初步形成了數控產業基地。在攻關成果和部分技術商品化的基礎上，建立了諸如華中數控、航天數控等具有批量生產能力的數控系統生產廠。蘭州電機廠、華中數控等一批伺服系統和伺服電機生產廠以及北京第一機床廠、濟南第一機床廠等若干數控主機生產廠。這些 生產廠基本形成了我國的數控產業基地。   6    3.建立了一支數控研究、開發、管理人才的基本隊伍。  雖然在數控技術的研究開發以及產業化方面取得了長足的進步，但我們也要清醒地認識到，我國高端數控技術的研究開發，尤其是在產業化方面的技術水平現狀與我國的現實需求還有較大的差距。雖然從縱向看我國的發展速度很快，但橫向比（與國外對比）不僅技術水平有差距，在某些方面發展速度也有差距，即一些高精尖的數控裝備的技術水平差距有擴大趨勢。從國際上來看，對我國數控技術水平和產業化水平估計大致如下。        1.技術水平上，與國 外先進水平大約落后 10 15 年，在高精尖技術方面則更大。       2.產業化水平上，市場占有率低，品種覆蓋率小，還沒有形成規模生產；功能部件專業化生產水平及成套能力較低；外觀質量相對差；可靠性不高，商品化程度不足；國產數控系統尚未建立自己的品牌效應，用戶信心不足。       3.可持續發展的能力上，對競爭前數控技術的研究開發、工程化能力較弱；數控技術應用領域拓展力度不強；相關標準規范的研究、制定滯后。      分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下幾個方面。       1.認識方面。對國產數控產業進程艱巨性、復 雜性和長期性的特點認識不足；對市場的不規范、國外的封鎖加扼殺、體制等困難估計不足；對我國數控技術應用水平及能力分析不夠。       2.體系方面。從技術的角度關注數控產業化問題的時候多，從系統的、產業鏈的角度綜合考慮數控產業化問題的時候少；沒有建立完整的高質量的配套體系、完善的培訓、服務網絡等支撐體系。       3.機制方面。不良機制造成人才流失，又制約了技術及技術路線創新、產品創新，且制約了規劃的有效實施，往往規劃理想，實施困難。      4.技術方面。企業在技術方面自主創新能力不強，核心技術的工程化能力不強。機床標準落后，水平較低，數控系統新標準研究不夠。   7    3 對我國數控技術和產業化發展的戰略思考      3.1 戰略考慮      我國是制造大國，在世界產業轉移中要盡量接受前端而不是后端的轉移，即要掌握先進制造核心技術，否則在新一輪國際產業結構調整中，我國制造業將進一步 “ 空芯 ” 。我們以資源、環境、市場為代價，交換得到的可能僅僅是世界新經濟格局中的國際 “ 加工中心 ” 和 “ 組裝中心 ” ，而非掌握核心技術的制造中心的地位，這樣將會嚴重影響我國現代制造業的發展進程。      我們應站在國家安全戰略的高度來重 視數控技術和產業問題，首先從社會安全看，因為制造業是我國就業人口最多的行業，制造業發展不僅可提高人民的生活水平，而且還可緩解我國就業的壓力，保障社會的穩定；其次從國防安全看，西方發達國家把高精尖數控產品都列為國家的戰略物質，對我國實現禁運和限制， “ 東芝事件 ” 和 “ 考克斯報告 ” 就是最好的例證。      3.2 發展策略      從我國基本國情的角度出發，以國家的戰略需求和國民經濟的市場需求為導向，以提高我國制造裝備業綜合競爭能力和產業化水平為目標，用系統的方法，選擇能夠主導 21 世紀初期我國制造裝備業發展升級的關 鍵技術以及支持產業化發展的支撐技術、配套技術作為研究開發的內容，實現制造裝備業的跨躍式發展。      強調市場需求為導向，即以數控終端產品為主，以整機（如量大面廣的數控車床、銑床、高速高精高性能數控機床、典型數字化機械、重點行業關鍵設備等）帶動數控產業的發展。重點解決數控系統和相關功能部件（數字化 8 伺服系統與電機、高速電主軸系統和新型裝備的附件等）的可靠性和生產規模問題。沒有規模就不會有高可靠性的產品；沒有規模就不會有價格低廉而富有競爭力的產品；當然，沒有規模中國的數控裝備最終難以有出頭之日。      在高精 尖裝備研發方面，要強調產、學、研以及最終用戶的緊密結合，以 “ 做得出、用得上、賣得掉 ” 為目標，按國家意志實施攻關，以解決國家之急需。      在競爭前數控技術方面，強調創新，強調研究開發具有自主知識產權的技術和產品，為我國數控產業、裝備制造業乃至整個制造業的可持續發展奠定基礎。   參考文獻：   1  中國機床工具工業協會  行業發展部 .CIMT2001 巡禮 J .世界制造技術與裝備市場， 2001(3)： 18-20. 2  梁訓王宣  ,周延佑 .機床技術發展的新動向 J .世界制造技術與裝備市場， 2001(3)： 21-28. 3  中國機床工具工業協會  數控系統分會 .CIMT2001 巡禮 J .世界制造技術與裝備市場， 2001(5)： 13-17. 4  楊學桐，李冬茹，何文立，等 ?距世紀數控機床技術發展戰略研究 M .北京：國家機械工業局， 2000  9 附錄 2 外文原文  Numerical control technology and equipment trend of  development and countermeasure  For mechanical paper The equipment industry technical level and the modernized degree were deciding the entire national economy level and the modernized degree, the numerical control technology and the equipment are the development emerging high technology and new technology industry and the state-of-art industry (for example defense industry industries and so on information technology and industry, biological technology and industry, aviation, astronautics) enables the technology and the most basic equipment. Marx had said “each kind of economical time difference, does not lie in produces any, but how lies in produces, with any means of labor production”. The technique of manufacture and the equipment is the humanity produces active the most basic producer goods, but the numerical control technology also is advanced now the technique of manufacture and the equipment most core technology. Now the various countries manufacturing industry widely uses the numerical control technology, sharpens the manufacturing capacity and the level, enhances to the dynamic changeable market adaptiveness and competitive ability. In addition in the world various industries developed country also lists as the national strategic resources the numerical control technology and the numerical control equipment, not only takes the significant measure to develop own numerical control technology and the industry, moreover implements the blockade and the limit policy in “precise and advanced” the numerical control key technologies and the equipment aspect to our country. In brief, develops vigorously take the numerical control technology has become the world each developed country acceleration economy development as the core advanced technique of manufacture, enhances the comprehensive national strength and the national status important way. The numerical control technology is carries on the control with the numerical information to the mechanical movement and the work process the technology, the numerical control equipment is take the numerical control technology as  10 representative's new technology the integration of machinery product which forms to the traditional manufacture industry and the emerging manufacturing industry seepage, namely so-called digitized equipment, its technical scope cover very many domains: (1) machine manufacture technology； (2) information processing, processing, transmission technology； (3) automatic control technology； (4) servo actuates the technology； (5) sensor technology； (6) software technology and so on.    1 numerical control technology trend of development Not only the numerical control technology application has brought the revolutionary change for the traditional manufacturing industry, causes the manufacturing industry to become the industrialization the symbol, moreover along with numerical control technology unceasing development and application domain expansion, he to national economy and the people's livelihood some important professions (IT, automobile, light industry, medical service and so on) development more and more vital role, because these professions must equip the digitization already was the modern development major tendency. The numerical control technology and the equipment development tendency looked from the present world that, its main research hot spot has following several aspect 14.    1.1 high speed, high precision work technology and equipment new tendency The efficiency, the quality are the advanced technique of manufacture main bodies. High speed, the high precision work technology may enhance the efficiency enormously, enhances the product the quality and the scale, reduces the production cycle and sharpens the market competition ability. Lists as one of 5 great modern techniques of manufacture for this Japan Tip Technology Research board it, the international production project learns (CIRP) its determination is one of 21st century central research directions. In the passenger vehicle industry domain, yearly produces 300,000 production metres was 40/s， moreover the multi-variety processing is one of key questions which the passenger vehicle equipment must solve； In the aviation and the astronavigation industry domain, its processing spare part many for the thin wall and the thin muscle, the rigidity is very bad, material for aluminum or aluminum alloy, only then in the high cutting speed and the cutting force very small situation, can to these muscles, the wall carry on the processing. Recently uses the large-scale overall aluminum alloy semifinished materials “pull out spatially” the method to make the  11 wing, the fuselage and so on the large-scale components substitutes many components through the multitudinous rivets, the bolt and other joint way assembling, causes the component the intensity, the rigidity and the reliability obtains the enhancement. These all to processed the equipment to propose high speed, Gao Jing and the high flexible request. Unfolds from EMO2001 meets the situation to look that, processes the center feed rate to be possible high speed to reach 80m/min, even higher, the aerial transport stroke speed may reach 100m/About min. At present in the world many automotive factories, including our country's Shanghai General Motors, already used by the high speed processing center composition production line part substitution aggregate machine-tool. American CINCINNATI Corporation's HyperMach engine bed feed rate reaches 60m/most greatlymin, fast is 100m/min, the acceleration reaches 2g, the main axle rotational speed has reached 60 000r/min. Processes a thin wall airplane part, only uses 30min, but the same components need 3h in the common high speed milling machine processing, needs 8h in the plain milling machine processing； The German DMG Corporation's double main axle lathe main axle speed and the acceleration respectively reach 12*! 000r/mm 和 1g。      In the processing precision aspect, in the recent 10 years, the ordinary level numerical control engine bed processing precision from 10m enhanced 5m, the fine level of secrecy processing center from 35 m, enhances to 11.5 m, and the ultra precise processing precision started to enter a nanometer level (0.01m). In the reliable aspect, the overseas numerical control installment value has reached above 6 000h, the servosystem value achieved above 30000h, displays the extremely high reliability.  In order to realize, the high precision work high speed, with it necessary function part like electricity main axle, the straight line electrical machinery obtained the fast development, the application domain further expanded.    1.2 5 axis linkage processing and compound processing engine bed fast development    Uses 5 axis linkages to the three dimensional curved surface components processing, the available cutting tool best geometry shape carries on the cutting, not only the smooth finish is high, moreover the efficiency also large scale enhances. Believed generally that, 1 5 axis linkage engine bed efficiency may be equal to 2 3  12 axis linkage engine bed, specially uses when the cubic boron nitride and so on the ultra hard material milling cutter carries on the high speed milling hardened steel components, 5 axis linkage processing may compared to 3 axis linkage processing display a higher benefit. Because but past 5 axis linkage numerical control system, main engine structure complex and so on reasons, its price must outdo the several fold compared to 3 axis linkage numerical control engine bed, added the programming technology difficulty to be big, has restricted 5 axis linkage engine bed development. Current as a result of electricity main axle appearance, causes to realize 5 axis linkage processing compound host axle neck structure is greatly the simplification, its manufacture difficulty and the cost reduce large scale, numerical control system price disparity reduction. Therefore promoted the compound host axle neck type 5 axis linkage engine bed and the compound processing engine bed (including 5 processing engine beds) development. Unfolds at the meeting in EMO2001, the new Japanese labor machine 5 processing engine beds use the compound host axle neck, may realize 4 vertical plane processings and the random angle processing, causes 5 processings and 5 axis processings may realize on the identical Taiwan engine bed, but also may realize the inclined plane and the back taper hole processing. German DMG Corporation displays the DMUVoution series processing center, may clamp the next 5 processings and 5 axis linkage processing in an attire, may by the CNC systems or CAD/CAM which  are controled  deract or inderact. 1.3 intellectualizations, open style, the network becomes the contemporary numerical control system development the main tendency The 21st century numerical control equipments will be has certain intellectualized system, the intellectualized content including in numerical control system each aspect: In order to pursue the processing efficiency and the processing quality aspect intellectualization, like processing process adaptive control, craft parameter automatic production； In order to enhance the actuation performance and the use connection convenient intellectualization, like feed-forward control, electrical machinery parameter auto-adapted operation, automatic diagnosis load automatic designation model, self regulating grade； Simplification programming, simplification operation aspect intellectualization, like intellectualized automatic  13 programming, intellectualized man-machine contact surface and so on； Also has the intelligence to diagnose, the intelligent monitoring aspect content, the convenience system diagnosis and the service and so on. In order to solve the traditional numerical control system closeness and the numerical control application software industrial production production existence question. At present many countries conduct the research to the open style numerical control system, like US NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control)、European Economic Community OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、 Japanese OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller)， Chinese ONC(Open Numerical Control System) and so on。 The numerical control system will open already becomes the numerical control system road of the future. The so-called open style numerical control system is the numerical control system development may in the unified movement platform, face the engine bed factory and the end-user, through the change, the increase or the tailor structure object (numerical control function), forms the seriation, and may conveniently integrates user's special application and the technical knack in the control system, the fast realization different variety, the different scale open style numerical control system, forms has the bright individuality famous brand goods. At present the open style numerical control system architecture standard, the correspondence standard, the disposition standard, the movement platform, the numerical control system function storehouse as well as the numerical control system function software development kit and so on is the current research core. The network numerical control equipment is a near two year international famous engine bed exposition new luminescent spot. The numerical control equipment network enormously will satisfy the production line, the manufacture system, the manufacture enterprise to the information integration demand, also will be realizes new manufacture pattern like agile manufacture, hypothesized enterprise, the global manufacture foundation unit. The domestic and foreign some famous numerical control engine bed and the numerical control system manufacture company all has promoted the related new concept and the prototype in the nearly two years. 1.4 takes the new technical standard, the standard establishment  1.4.1 about numerical control system design development standard As mentioned above, the open style numerical control system has a better  14 versatility, the flexibility, the compatibility, the extension, countries and so on US, European Economic Community and Japan implements the strategy development plan in abundance, and carries on the open style architecture numerical control system specification (OMAC, OSACA, OSEC) the research and the formulation, the world 3 biggest economies have carried on the nearly same science plan and the standard formulation in the short-term, has indicated a numerical control technology new transformation time oncoming. Our country also started in 2000 to conduct China's ONC numerical control system standard frame research and the formulation.  1.4.2 about numerical control standard  The numerical control standard is the manufacturing industry informationization development one tendency. The numerical control technology is born after 50 year exchanges of information all is based on the ISO6983 standard, how namely uses the G, M code to describe the (how) processing, its substantive characteristics faces the processing process, obviously, he has more and more not been able to satisfy modern numerical control technology high speed the need to develop. Therefore, on international is studying and formulates one kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649(STEP-NC), its goal is provides one kind not to rely on the concrete system neutral mechanism, can describe in the product entire life cycle unified data model, thus realizes the entire manufacture process, and even each industry domain product information standardization. The STEP-NC appearance is possibly a numerical control area of technology revolution, regarding the numerical control technology development and even the entire manufacturing industry, will have the profound influence. F irst, STEP-NC proposed one kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, the NC processing procedure all concentrates on the single computer. But under the new standard, the NC procedure may disperse on the Internet, this is precisely the numerical control technology open style, the network development direction. Next, the STEP-NC numerical control system also may reduce the processing blueprint greatly (approximately 75%), the processing programming time (approximately 35%) and the process period (approximately 50%). At present, the European and American countries extremely took STEP-NC the research, Europe initiate STEP-NC IMS to plan (1999.1.12001.12.31). Participates in this plan to have comes from European and Japan's 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC  15 user, manufacturer and academic organization. US's STEP Tools Corporation is in the global scope the manufacturing industry data exchange software exploiter, he already developed has served as the numerical control engine bed processing exchange of information the super model (Super Model), its goal was with the unification standard description all processing process. At present this kind of recent data exchange form already in has provided SIEMENS, FIDIA as well as on the European OSACA-NC numerical control system prototype prototype has carried on the confirmation. 2 pair of our country numerical control technology and industrial development basic estimate Our country numerical control technology start in 1958, the near 50 year development course might divide into 3 stages approximately: First stage from 1958 to 1979, namely enclosed type development phase. In this stage, as a result of the overseas technical blockade with our country's foundation condition limit, the numerical control technology development is slow. The second stage is in the country “65”, “75” the period as well as “85” the earlier period, namely the introduction technology, the digestion absorption, establishes the manufacture domestically system stage initially. In this stage, as a result of reform and open policy and the national value, as well as the research development environment and the international environment improvement, our country numerical control technology research, the development as well as has all made the considerable progress in the product manufacture domestically aspect. The third stage is in the country “85” later period and “95” period, namely the implementation industrial production research, enters the market competition stage. In this stage, our country domestic product numerical control equipment industrial production has made the substantive progress. In “95” the last stage, the domestically produced numerical control engine bed domestic market percentage of reaches 50%, matched the domestically produced numerical control system (popular sedan) also to achieve 10%. Looks over our country numerical control technology near 50 year development course, specially passes through 4 5 year plan attacks, the overall looked has obtained following result.  16 a.Has laid the numerical control technological development foundation, has grasped the modern numerical control technology basically. Our country basically has grasped now from the numerical control system, the servo actuated, the numerical control main engine, the special plane and the necessary foundation technology, in which majority of technologies has had carries on the commercialized development the foundation, the partial technologies commercialized, the industrial production. b.Has formed the numerical control industry base initially. In the attack achievement and in the partial technical commercialization foundation, established such as the Central China numerical control, astronautics numerical control and so on had the volume production ability numerical control system plant. Lanzhou electrical machinery plant, Central China numerical control and so on one batch of servosystem and servo electrical machinery plant as well as Beijing first machine tool factory, Jinan first machine tool factory and so on certain numerical control main engine plant. These plants have basically formed our country's numerical control industry base c.   Has established a numerical control research, the development, managerial talent's basic troop.  Although has made the considerable progress in the numerical control technology research development as well as the industrial production aspect, but we also must realize soberly, our country high end numerical control technology research development, in particular also has the big disparity in the industrial production aspect technical level present situation and our country's realistic demand. Although from longitudinal looked our country's development speed is very quick, not only but crosswise compared to (with overseas contrast) the technical level has the disparity, also has the disparity in certain aspect development speed, namely some precise and advanced numerical control equipment technical level disparity has the expanded tendency. From international looked that, is approximately as follows to our country numerical control technical level and the industrial production level estimate.  a. In the technical level, probably falls behind with the overseas advanced level for 1015 years, in precise and advanced technical aspect then bigger.  b. In the industrial production level, the market share is low, the variety  17 coverage fraction is small, but also has not formed the scale production； The function part specialization production level and complete set ability are low； Outward appearance quality relative error； The reliability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient； The domestically produced numerical control system not yet establishes own brand effect, the user confidence is insufficient.  c.In sustainable development ability, to the competition before the numerical control technology research development, project ability is weak； Numerical control technology application domain development dynamics is not strong； Correlation standard standard research, formulation lag. The analysis existence above disparity primary cause has following several aspects.  a. Knows the aspect. To domestically produced numerical control industry advancement difficulty, complexity and long-term characteristic understanding insufficiency； To the market not standard, overseas blocks Canada to strangle, the system and so on the difficult underestimate； Is insufficient to our country numerical control technology application level and ability analysis.  b. System aspect. From technical angle attention numerical control industrial production question time are many, from system, industrial chain angle overall evaluation numerical control industrial production question time are few； Has not established the integrity high grade necessary support systems and so on system, consummation training, service network.  c. Machine-made aspect. The good opportunity does not make the adult only then to drain, also has restricted technical and the technical route innovation, the product innovation, also has restricted the plan effective implementation, often plans the ideal, the implementation difficult d. technology aspect. The enterprise innovates in the technical aspect ability not to be strong independently, core technologies project ability is not strong. The engine bed standard is backward, the level is low, the numerical control system new standard research is insufficient.  3.To our country numerical control technology and industrial production development strategic ponder 3.1 strategy consideration  18    Our country makes the great nation front end, but must accept in the world industry shift is not the rear end shift as far as possible, namely must grasp the advanced manufacture core technologies, otherwise in the new turn international industrial structure adjustment, our country manufacturing industry will go a step further “the spatial core”. We take the resources, the environment, the market as the price, the exchange obtain possibly merely are in the world new economical pattern international “the processing center” and “the assembly center”, but the non-grasping core technologies manufacturing center status, will like this be able to affect our country modern manufacturing industry seriously the development advancement. We should stand in the national security strategy take the numerical control technology and the industrial question highly, first looked from the security, social, because the manufacturing industry is our country employed population most professions, not only the manufacturing industry development may raise people's living standard, moreover also may alleviate our country employment the pressure, the safeguard society's stability； Next looked safely from the