嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用1人物傳記類第一部分五年高考題薈萃Passage1(09浙江E篇)FourpeopleinEnglandbackin1953,staredatPhoto51,ItwasntmuchapictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowedtheshapeofDNAThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.HernamewasRosalindFranklin.”Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,”sayshistorianMaryBowden.”Ifherphotoshadntbeenthere,theotherscouldnthavecomeupwiththestructure.”O(jiān)nereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitorsAtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandClicktriedtomakemodelsbycuttingupshapesofDNAspartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,atKingsCollegeinLondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule(分子).Theraysproducedpatternsreflectiontheshape.ButWilkinsandFranklinsrelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebratedteamworkofWatsonandCrick,WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,“Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnoteasilybend.Clearlyshehadtotogoorbeputinherplace.”AsFranklinscompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,”Abir-Amsays.ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedasthe“DarkLadyofDNA”,Franklinisfinallycomingintothelight.57.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.D.Theracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.58.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用2A.tooktheleadinthecompetitionB.keptherresultsfromhimC.provedsomeofhisfindingswrongD.sharedherdatawithotherscientists59.WhyisFranklindescribedas“DarkLadyofDNA”?A.Shedevelopedpicturesindarklabs.B.ShediscoveredtheblackX-theshapeofDNA.C.Hernamewasforgottenafterherdeath.D.Hercontributionwasunknowntothepublic.60.WhatisthewritersattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.答案57.B58.C59.D60.APassage2(09重慶B篇)HowtoBeaWinnerSirStevenRedgraveWinnerof5OlympicGoldMedals“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes(糖尿病).Believingmycareer（職業(yè)生涯）wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewastonoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit-theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisntdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasntfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”KarenPickeringSwimmingWorldChampion“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary.Thisisthekeytosuccess-youcantfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwell-organized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyoullbeastepclosertoachievingthem.”KirstenBestPoet&Writer“Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcantachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions,suchasfamilyorhobbies.Thekeyistoconcentrate.WhenIfeeltense,ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchascalm,peaceorfocus,eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind.Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological（心理的）tool”60.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?A.Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.61.WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary?A.Hertrainingschedule.B.Herdailyhappenings.C.Herachievements.嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用3D.Hersportscareer.62.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions”probablyreferto？A.Waysthathelponetofocus.B.Wordsthathelponetofeellesstense.C.Activitiesthatturnonesattentionaway.D.Habitsthatmakeithardforonetorelax.63.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothethreepeoplehaveincommon?A.Courage.B.Devotion.C.Hardwork.D.Self-confidence.答案60.D61.A62.C63.DPassage3(09寧夏、海南B篇)ComputerprogrammerDavidJonesearns$35.000ayeardesigningnewcomputergames.yethecannotfindabankreadytolethimhaveacreditcard（信用卡）Insteadhehasbeentoldtowaitanothertwoyearsuntilheis18.The16-year-oldworksforasmallfirminLiverpoolwheretheproblemofmostyoungpeopleofhisageisfindingajobDavidsfirmreleases（推出）twonewgamesforthefastgrowingcomputermarketeachmonthButDavidsbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.Eventhoughheearnsalothecannotdriveacartakeoutamortgage（抵押貸款）,orgetcreditcardsDavidgothisjobwiththeLiverpool-basedcompanyfourmonthsago,ayearafterleavingschoolwithsixO-levelsandworkingforatimeinacomputershop.“IgotthejobbecausethepeoplewhorunthefirmknewIhadalreadywrittensomeprograms”hesaidDavidspendssomeofhismoneyonrecordsandclothesandgiveshismother50poundsaweekButmostofhissparetimeisspentworking.“Unfortunately,computingwasnotpartofourstudiesatschool“hesaid“ButIhadbeenstudyingitinbooksandmagazinesforfouryearsinmysparetimeIknewwhatIwantedtodoandneverconsideredstayingonatschoolMostpeopleinthisbusinessarefairlyyoung,anyway”Davidadded:”IwouldliketoearnamillionandIsupposeearlyretirement（退休）isapossibilityYouneverknowwhenthemarketmightdisappear.”60InwhatwayisDaviddifferentfrompeopleofhisage?AHeoftengoesoutwithfriendsBHeliveswithhismotherCHehasahandsomeincomeDHegraduatedwithsixO-levels61WhatisoneoftheproblemsthatDavidisfacingnow?AHeistooyoungtogetacreditcardBHehasnotimetolearndrivingCHehasverylittlesparetimeDHewillsoonlosehisjob62WhywasDavidabletogetthejobinthecompany?AHehaddonewellinallhisexamsBHehadwrittensomecomputerprograms嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用4CHewasgoodatplayingcomputergamesDHehadlearnttousecomputersatschool63WhydidDaviddecidetoleaveschoolandstartworking?AHereceivedlotsofjoboffersBHewaseagertohelphismotherCHelostinterestinschoolstudiesDHewantedtoearnhisownliving答案60.C61.A62.B63.CPassage4(09陜西B篇)Whenpeoplehearapresidentspeak,theyseldomthinkaboutothershelpingtoshapethepresentation（報(bào)告）.Today,however,presidentsdependonwriterssuchasJ.TerryEdmondstohelpthemcommunicate（交流）effectively.EdmondsisthefirstAfricanAmericanevertoworkasafull-timespeechwriterforaU.S.president；heissothefirstAfricanAmericantoserveasdirectorofspeechwritingforWhiteHouse.Hisisanall-Americanstoryofsuccess.EdmondsgrewupinBaltimore,Maryland；hisfatherdroveatruck,andhismotherworkedasawaitress.A.greatreader,EdmondsshowedagiftforwritingathishighSchool,BaltimoreCityCollegeAftergraduatingin1967EdmondswentontoMorganStateUniversityEdmondsbeganhiscareerinbusiness,withjobsinpublicrelationsandcommunications.Hejoinedtheworldofpoliticsasnewssecretaryforhiscongressman（國(guó)會(huì)議員）fromBaltimoreDuringBillClintonspresidency,hewrotespeechesforHealthandHumanServicesSecretaryDonnaShalalaandworkedinanumberofjobintheWhiteHouseandingovernmentaldepartmentsPresidentClintonthenappointed（任命）himtotheofficeofdirectoryofspeechwritingFollowingthe2000electionsEdmondsreturnedtoMorganStateUniversityastheschoolsspecialassistanttothepresidentfor2001-200245.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.EdmondsprovedhimselftobegoodatwritingathighschoolB.EdmondsgraduatedfromMorganStateUniversityin1967.C.Edmondswasthefirstfull-timespeechwriter.D.EdmondsservedtheWhiteHouseafter2000.46.Edmondsenteredtheworldofpoliticsfirstas.A.newssecretaryforaCongressmanB.aspeechwriterforPresidentClintonC.newssecretaryintheWhiteHouseD.aspeechwriterforSecretaryDonnaShalala47.Thetextismostlikelytobefoundinabookabout.A.popularscienceB.historicaleventsC.successfulpeopleD,Politicalsystems答案45.A46.A47.CPassage5(08廣東C篇)嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用5Napoleon,asacharacterinTolstoysWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands.”Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse.”Heissaidtobe“undersized,”with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomach”.TheissuehereisnottheaccuracyofTolstoysdescriptionitseemsnotthatfarofffromhistoricalaccountsbuthischoiceoffacts:otherthingsthatcouldbesaidofthemanarenotsaid.WearemeanttounderstandthedifferenceofawarringcommanderinthebodyofafatlittleFrenchman.TolstoysNapoleoncouldbeanymanwanderinginthestreetsandputtingalittleofpowderedtobaccouphisnoseandthatisthepoint.Itisawaythenovelistusestoshowthemoralnatureofacharacter.Anditturnsoutthat,asTolstoyhasit,Napoleonisacrazyman.InasceneinBookThreeofWarandPeace,thewarshavingreachedthecriticalyearof1812,NapoleonreceivesarepresentativefromtheTsar(沙皇),whohascomewithpeaceterms.Napoleonisveryangry:doesnthehavemorearmy?He,nottheTsar,istheonetomaketheterms.HewilldestroyallofEuropeifhisarmyisstopped,“Thatiswhatyouwillhavegainedbyengagingmeinthewar!”heshouts.Andthen,Tolstoywrites,Napoleon“walkedsilentlyseveraltimesupanddowntheroom,hisfatshouldersmovingquickly.”Stilllater,afterreviewinghisarmyamidcheeringcrowds,NapoleoninvitestheshakenRussiantodinner.“HeraisedhishandtotheRussians.face,”Tolstoywrites,and“takinghimbytheearpulleditgently.”.TohaveonesearpulledbytheEmperorwasconsideredthegreatesthonorandmarkoffavorattheFrenchcourt.“Well,well,whydontyousayanything?”saidhe,asifitwasridiculousinhispresencetorespectanyonebuthimself,Napoleon.Tolstoydidhisresearch,butthecompositionishisown.51.TolstoysdescriptionofNapoleoninWarandPeaceis.A.farfromthehistoricalfactsB.basedontheRussianhistoryC.basedonhisselectionoffactsD.notrelatedtohistoricaldetails52.NapoleonwasangrywhenreceivingtheRussianrepresentativebecause.A.hethoughtheshouldbetheonetomakethepeacetermsB.theTsarspeacetermswerehardtoacceptC.theRussiansstoppedhismilitarymovementD.hedidnthaveanymorearmytofightwith53.WhatdidNapoleonexpecttheRussianrepresentativetodo?A.Towalkoutoftheroominanger.B.Toshowagreementwithhim.C.TosaysomethingabouttheTsar.D.Toexpresshisadmiration.54.TolstoyintendedtopresentNapoleonasamanwhois.A.ill-manneredindealingwithforeignguestsB.fondofshowingoffhisironwillC.determinedindestroyingallofEuropeD.crazyforpowerandrespect55.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?A.Awriterdoesnthavetobefaithfultohisfindings.B.Awritermaywriteaboutaheroinhisownway.嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用6C.Awritermaynotberesponsibleforwhathewrites.D.Awriterhashardlyanyfreedomtoshowhisfeelings.答案51.B52.C53.B54.A55.BPassage6(08山東C篇)Itwasthesummerof1965.DeLuca,then17,visitedPeterBuck,afamilyfriend.BuckaskedDeLucaabouthisplansforthefuture.“Imgoingtocollege,butIneedawaytopayforit,”DeLucarecallssaying.“Bucksaid,Youshouldopenasandwichshop.”Thatafternoon,theyagreedtobepartners.Andtheysetagoal:toopen32storesintenyears.Afterdoingsomeresearch,Buckwroteacheckfor$1,000.DeLucarentedastorefront(店面)inConnecticut,andwhentheycouldntcovertheirstart-upcosts,Buckkickedinanother$1,000.Butbusinessdidntgosmoothlyastheyexpected.DeLucasays,“Aftersixmonths,weweredoingpoorly,butwedidntknowhowbadly,becausewedidnthaveanyfinancialcontrols.”AllheandBuckknewwasthattheirsaleswerelowerthantheircosts.DeLucawasmanagingthestoreandgoingtotheUniversityofBridgeportatthesametime.BuckwasworkingathisdayjobasanuclearphysicistinNewYork.TheydmeetMondayeveningsandbrainstormideasforkeepingthebusinessrunning.“Weconvincedourselvestoopenasecondstore.Wefiguredwecouldtellthepublic,Wearesosuccessful,weareopeningasecondstore.”Andtheydidinthespringof1966.Still,itwasalotoflearningbytrialanderror.Butthepartnerslearn-as-yougoapproachturnedouttobetheirgreateststrength.EveryFriday,DeLucawoulddrivearoundandhand-deliverthecheckstopaytheirsuppliers.“Itprobablytookmetwoandahalfhoursanditwasntnecessary,butasaresult,thesuppliersgottoknowmeverywell,andthepersonalrelationshipsestablishedreallyhelpedout,”DeLucasays.Andhavingagoalwasalsoimportant.“Therearesomanyproblemsthatcangetyoudown.Youjusthavetokeepworkingtowardyourgoal,”DeLucaadds.DeLucaendedupfoundingSubwaySandwich,themultimillion-dollarrestaurantchain.67.DeLucaopenedthefirstsandwichshopinorderto.A.supporthisfamilyB.payforhiscollegeeducationC.helphispartnerexpandbusinessD.dosomeresearch68.WhichofthefollowingistrueofBuck?A.Heputmoneyintothesandwichbusiness.B.Hewasaprofessorofbusinessadministration.C.HewasstudyingattheUniversityofBridgeport.D.HerentedastorefrontforDeLuca.69.Whatcanwelearnabouttheirfirstshop?A.Itstoodatanunfavorableplace.B.Itloweredthepricestopromotesales.C.Itmadenoprofitsduetopoormanagement.D.Itlackedcontroloverthequalityofsandwiches.70.Theydecidedtoopenasecondstorebecausethey.A.hadenoughmoneytodoit嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用7B.hadsucceededintheirbusinessC.wishedtomeettheincreasingdemandofcustomersD.wantedtomakebelievethattheyweresuccessful71.Whatcontributesmosttotheirsuccessaccordingtotheauthor?A.Learningbytrialanderror.B.Makingfriendswithsuppliers.C.Findingagoodpartner.D.Openingchainstores.答案67.B68.A69.C70.D71.APassage7(08山東D篇)MelissaPoewas9yearsoldwhenshebeganacampaignforacleanerenvironmentbywritingalettertothethenPresidentBush.Throughherownefforts,herletterwasreproducedonover250donatedbillboards(廣告牌)acrossthecountry.TheresponsetoherrequestforhelpwassohugethatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300,000membersofKidsF.A.C.E.worldwideanditistheworldslargestyouthenvironmentalorganization.PoehasalsoaskedtheNationalParkServicetocarryouta“ChildrensForest”projectineverynationalpark.In1992,shewasinvitedasoneofonlysixchildrenintheworldtospeakattheEarthSummitinBrazilaspartoftheVoicesoftheFutureProgram.In1993,shewasgivenaCaringAwardforhereffortsbytheCaringInstitute.Sincetheorganizationstarted,KidsF.A.C.E.membershavedistributedandplantedover1milliontrees!Ongoingtree-plantingprojectsincludeKidsYardsthecreationofbackyardwildlifehabitats(棲息地)andnowKidsF.A.C.E.isinvolvedintheexcitingEarthOdyssey,whichisagreatwaytostarthelping.“Startingtheclubturnedouttobeawaytohelppeoplegetinvolvedwiththeenvironment.Clubmembersstarteddoingthingslikerecycling,pickinguplitterandplantingtreesaswellasinvitingotherkidstojointheirclub.”“WetrytotellkidsthatitsnotOKtobelazy,”sheexplains.“Youneedtostartbeingaresponsible,environmentallyfriendlypersonnow,rightaway,beforeyoubecomearesource-suckingadult.”72.KidsF.A.C.E.is.A.aprogramtohelpstudentswithwritingB.aprojectoflitterrecyclingC.acampaignlaunchedbyPresidentBushD.aclubofenvironmentalprotection73.WhatcanwelearnaboutPoe?A.ShewasawardedaprizeinBrazil.B.Shedonatedbillboardsacrossthecountry.C.Shegotpositiveresponsesforherefforts.D.ShejoinedtheNationalParkService.74.KidsYardsis.A.establishedinanationalparkB.startedtoprotectwildlifeC.awildlife-raisingprojectD.anentertainmentparkforkids75.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用8A.Adultsareresource-suckingpeople.B.Poesoughthelpfromayouthorganization.C.KidsF.A.C.E.membersarefromtheU.S.D.Kidsareurgedtosavenaturalresources.答案72.D73.C74.B75.DPassage8(08江西C篇)ToppingtheclassacademicallywascertainlyanadvantageStudyingwasabreezeforNigelTherewardwascertainlyincomparabletothelittleeffortthathehadtoputitItbeganwhenhewasselectedtohelptheteachersinthecomputerlaboratoriesThepeakofhisschoolcareercamenotwhenhetoppedtheschoolbutwhenhewasselectedforthenationwidecompetitionUnlikeeveryoneelse,NigelwantedtojointhecontestbecausehelikedplayingwiththeLegosetsandmakingsomethingoutofthemNigelspentthenexttwomonthsrebuildingtherobotItwasduringthetimethatNigelfoundoutabouttheprizesforthecompetitionaswellasanothercompetitor,Alicia,fromaneighboringschoolHisearlyintentionswereforgottenGettingthethousand-dollarprizewasmoreimportantthananythingelseNigeldecidedtobefriendAliciaUnawareofhisintentions,shetoldhimallabouttherobotthatshehadbeenbuildingforthecompetitionHeevenhelpedhertoputthefinishingtouchestoherrobotHewasgladwiththewaythingshadprogressedHisrobotlookedevenbetterthanAliciasanditwasabletobounceaballwithitsarm,somethingAliciahadfailedtodoOnthedayofthecompetition,hesawAliciaEverythingdawnedonhertheminuteshesawhimamongthecompetitors.Shestaredathim,puzzledatfirst,thenangryandfinallyalookofhelplessnesscameoverherTheflashbulbsofthecameraexplodedinNigelsfaceTherobothadperformedactionssouniqueanddifferentthatthespecialistsjudgmentswerethesameNigelwassopleasedwithhimselfthathedidnotevennoticethegirlstandingafewfeetawayfromhimWithouther,hewouldneverhavewonthecompetition64WhatrewarddidNigelreceivefordoingwellinhisschoolwork?AHewasofferedapart-timejob.BHewashonoredwithascholarship.CHehelpedhisteachersconstructarobot.DHehelpedinthecomputerlaboratories.65Nigelsoriginalintentionofjoiningthecontestwasto_AbethetopstudentoftheschoolBbeinggreathonortohisschoolCconstructarobotwiththeLegosetsDwinsthethousand-dollarprize66WhydidNigelhelpAliciafinishherrobot?AHetriedtomakefriendswithher.BHewasfondofbuildingrobots.CHeintendedtohelpher.DHedidntwanthertosuspecthim.67WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardsNigelsactions?AHeismildlycritical.BHeisstronglycritical.CHeisinfavorofthem.DHisattitudeisnotclear.答案64.D65.C66.D67.A嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理歡迎使用9Passage9(08天津A篇)SandraCisneroswasborninChicagoin1954toaMexicanAmericanfamily.Astheonlygirlinafamilyofsevenchildren,sheoftenfeltlikeshehad“sevenfathers,”becausehersixbrothers,aswellasherfather,triedtocontrolher.Feelingshyandunimportant,sheretreated(躲避)intobooks.Despiteherloveofreading,shedidnotdowellinelementaryschoolbecauseshewastooshytoparticipate.Inhighschool,withtheencouragementofone