第2講推理判斷題[小題夯基練]1．(全國卷Ⅰ，閱讀C節選)“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite，”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolor，andit'sactuallydigital.”Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove，becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame，”saysMoran.Q：WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?A．Itwilldisappeargradually.B．Itremainsblackandwhite.C．Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D．Itchangesevery50years.解析：C[根據節選第一段Moran說的“...jazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolor，andit'sactuallydigital.”及節選第二段中的“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove，becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame”可知，他認為世界在變，爵士樂應該與時俱進。故選C。]2．(全國卷Ⅲ，閱讀C節選)Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today，thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk，deer，andcoyotepopulationsaredown，whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.Q：Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Disapproving.D．Uncaring.解析：B[觀察四個選項可以看出是四種不同的態度；A項懷疑；B項積極；C項不贊成；D項不關心(中立)。根據節選段最后一句中的“avaluableexperiment”可知，作者認為這項工程很有價值，因此他的態度應當是積極肯定的。故選B項。]3．(2018·北京卷閱讀C)Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”Q：Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B．Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C．Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D．Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.解析：C[作者通過本文介紹了一項消除塑料垃圾的研究，顯然是為人們提供了一條清除塑料垃圾的新途徑。故選C項。]4．(2019·衡水二模，B)Don'twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals，starthelpingothersinneed，andlivelifetothefullest！Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou'vebeenmissing.Signupformynewsletter(時事通訊)andgetsevenfreee-books，too！Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou'rethereinthearticlesection，whichisupdateddaily.Q：Thistextmustbetakenfrom________.A．aradioprogramB．awebsiteC．anewspaperD．aTVprogram解析：B[根據文中的幾個關鍵詞Visitmyblog，e-books，Signup，updated可知這篇文章選自網站。故選B。]5．(四川卷，D)Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素)，whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.Thestudy，byresearchersfromSeoul，SouthKorea，involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.…Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent，whichhelpspeopletorelax.Q：Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bystatingarguments.C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D．Byprovidingresearchresults.解析：D[根據文章信息Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff...Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin...Thestudy...involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.和Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent...可知，作者是通過列舉研究結果來支撐主題。故選D項。][大題提能練]AIndianactorAamirKhanissealinghismajorcelebritystatusinChinawiththecinemaofsocialrelevance.AamirKhanwasinChinatopromotehislatestHindifilmSecretSuperstar.Duringhisweeklongstay，theIndianactoralsofoundoutthathehasbecomeamajorcelebrityinacountrywhereBollywood'sreachhasbeentraditionallylimited.SomelocalanalystscomparehisstardominChinatothatofHollywoodactorsTomHanks，TomCruiseandLeonardoDicaprio.Othersdon'tthinkKhanisanactivistactor.Stillothersdescribehimasafeminist.TheChinesemediaseemtohavesettledforMishu，orUncleAamir.Thesurprisingriseinpopularityofthe52-year-oldBollywoodstarisowingtohiscinemaofsocialrelevancethatChinesemoviegoersdon'tgetenoughoffromtheirownindustryaswellashissavvymarketingandChinaoutreach.Atmorethan1million，KhanhasthemostfollowersforanIndianonSinaWeibo，thecountry'sTwitter-likeplatform.SecretSuperstarhadmademorethan$63millionearlierthisweek.ThestoryofateenageMuslimgirl'sfightagainstuglypatriarchytorealizeherdreamswasreleasedinChinaonJan19,2018.Lastyear，hisfilmDangal，inspiredbytherealjourneyofanIndianwrestlerthroughaconservativelandscapetoturnhisdaughtersintoworld-classathletes，hadmadenearly1.3billionyuan.In2011，Khan'sworkfirstgotmajorattentionfromChinesemoviegoerswithThreeIdiots，whichwasreleasedinIndiamuchearlier.Filmcriticsandfansalikerecommendedittotheirfriends.Somefilmcriticssaytheeducationsystems，genderdiscriminationanddomesticviolence(thatSecretSuperstarshows)areamongclearsimilaritiesofsocialissuesinIndiaandChina.TheaudienceisalsogettingabitboredwithHollywoodfilmsshowninChina.Whileit'sstillearlytoestimateifHollywood'sinfluenceontheChinesemarketisonthewane，thelocalaudience'sappetitefordiversecinemaisdefinitelyonshowandishelpingKhan.[語篇解讀]繼《摔跤吧！爸爸》之后，印度影星“米叔”的又一部力作《神秘巨星》在中國大火。那么，為什么他的每部作品都能在中國走紅呢？1．HowdidKhanmarkethisfilmwisely?A．Byrecommendingitthroughfilmcritics.B．ByattractingfollowersonSinaWeibo.C．BypostingfilmintroductionsonTwitter.D．ByinvitingHollywoodstarstoadvertiseit.解析：B[細節理解題。根據第四段可知，他借助微博來推廣他的電影。]2．WhydidThreeIdiotswintheheartsofChineseaudience?A．Itreflectsseriousfamilyviolence.B．Itisaboutagirltoachievehersuccess.C．IttellstheeducationsystemssimilartothatofChina.D．Itisadaptedfromarealstory.解析：C[推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段最后一句話推知，《三傻大鬧寶萊塢》這部電影反映了與中國相似的教育制度，故受到中國觀眾的歡迎。]3．WhatisthecommonthemeofKhan'sfilm?A．Socialissues.B．Romanticlove.C．Cruelwars.D．Familyrelationships.解析：A[推理判斷題。根據第一段及第四段第一句推知，他的電影主題往往是社會問題。]4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．BollywoodreplacesHollywoodontheChinesemarket.B．ItisoftenboringtowatchHollywoodfilms.C．HollywoodfilmshavelostthemarketinChina.D．Chineseaudiencearedevelopingadiverseappetiteforfilms.解析：D[推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知，現在中國的觀眾形成了多種不同的電影文化口味。]B(2019·大連高三一模)EmiliaDobektracesherinterestinspaceandtheuniversebacktothirdgradewhensheandherfatherwatchedabloodmoon—atotallunareclipse(月食)—ontheroofoftheirhouse.NowaseventhgraderatEastPrairieElementarySchool，DobekrecentlywonthenationalDiscoveryEducationLockheedMartinBeyondChallengebydesigningaspacestationfortravellingtoMars.Shesaysthatnightwatchingthelunareclipsestartedastrongdesireinherthathasyettorunoutoffuel.SowhenherteacherAndreaSmeetonreceivedinformationaboutthenationalchallenge，Smeetonsaidsheimmediatelyhadonestudentinmind.“Iknewshewouldlovethechallengeandthatshewouldgowaybeyondinhersearch，”Smeetonsaid.“Sheimmediatelystartedresearchingbonedensity(密度)ofastronautsandhowtohavefoodonMars.”“Mydesignwillensurethesafetyoftheastronautsbutalsomakesuretheircomfortisoutofthisworld，”Dobeksays.Dobek'sdesigncallsforbuildingtheMSSorMarsStorageStationtoputthesuppliesin.ItalsoincludestheSGForself-GrowingFarm，andshedetailshowitwouldworkwiththeelementsonMars.ThenthereisphysicalandleisureactivityfortheastronautsunderDobek'sdesign.Asimulator(模擬裝置)allowsastronautstochoosetheirexercisemachineandvirtualrealityenvironment.RoomshavecircularceilingssoastronautswillbeabletowatchdownloadedshowsandevenseeplacesonEarth，suchastheirhomes.“Iwanttotellotherkidstofollowtheirpassions，”Dobeksaid.“whatevertheywanttodo，theysh