六級樣卷

SectionA

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Americaisacountrythatnowsitsatopthecherishedmyththatworkprovidesrewards,thatworkingpeoplecan

supporttheirfamilies.It'samyththathasbecomesodivorcedfromrealitythatitmightaswellbeginwiththewords

uOnceuponatime/*Today1.6millionNewYorkerssufferfrom"foodinsecurity/whichisafancywayofsayingthey

don'thaveenoughtoeat.Somearethepeoplewhocomeinatnightandcleantheskyscrapersthatglitteralongthe

river.Somepourcoffeeandtakecareoftheagedparentsofthepeoplewholiveinthosebuildings.TheAmerican

Dreamforthewell-to-dogrowsfromthebowedbacksoftheworkingpoor,whotoooftenhavetochoosebetween

groceriesandrent.

Inanewbookcalled"TheBetrayalofWork'1,BethShulmansaysthateveninthebooming1990soneoutofevery

fourAmericanworkersmadelessthan$8.70anhour,anincomeequaltothegovernment'spovertylevelforafamilyof

four.Many,ifnotmost,oftheseworkershadnohealthcare,sickpayorretirementprovisions.

Weeaseourconsciences,Shulmanwrites,bydescribingthesepeopleas"lowskilled/asthoughihey'renot

importantorintelligentenoughtodeservemore.Butlow-skilledworkerstodayarebettereducatedthaneverbefore,

andtheyconstitutethelinchpin（關鍵）ofAmericanindustry.Whenpoliticianscrow（得意洋洋地i^）thathappydays

arehereagainbecausejobsareontherise,it'sthesejobsthey'rereallytalkingabout.Fiveofthe10occupations

expectedtogrowbiginthenextdecadeareinthelowest-payingjobgroups.Andbeforewesitbackanddecidethat*s

justthewayitis,it'sinstructivetoconsidertherestoftheworld.Whilethebottom10percentofAmericanworkers

earnjust37percentofouraveragewage,theircounterpartsinotherindustrializedcountriesearnupwardsof60

percent.Andthosearecountriesthatprovidehealthcareandchildcare,whicheasestheeconomicpinchconsiderably.

Almost40yearsago,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredwaronpoverty,afamilywithacarandahouseinthesuburbs

feltprosperous.Todaythatsamefamilymaywellfeelpoor,overwhelmedbycreditcarddebt,asecondmortgageand

thecostofthestuffthathasbecomethebackboneofAmericanlife.Whenthemiddleclassfeelspoor,thepoorhave

littlechanceforchange,orevenrecognition.

47.Bysaying"itmightaswellbeginwiththewords€Onceuponatime"'（Line3,Para.l）,theauthorsuggeststhatthe

Americanmythis.

48.WhatistheAmericanDreamofthewell-to-dobuiltupon?

49.SomeAmericanstrytomakethemselvesfeellessguiltybyattributingthepovertyoftheworkingpeopleto

50.WelearnfromthepassagethatthedifferenceinpaybetweenthelowestpaidandtheaverageworkerinAmericais

thanthatinotherindustrializedcountries.

51.Accordingtotheauthor,howwouldanAmericanfamilywithacarandahouseinthesuburbsprobablyfeelabout

themselvestoday?

SectionB

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoat

aneverearlierage.Thisisn'tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope'sneweconomic

landscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifeto

sololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelast

century.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemass

entryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）Europeans*privatelives.

Europe'sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationof

home-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateof

American-stylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy(精通技

術的)workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoafford

tolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomething

professionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionof

thoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingalone

asalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmth

andlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolive

alone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomfor

relationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn'tgottimetoget

lonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.HIhavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult."

OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled"The

SingleWomanandPrinceCharming/thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreof

mates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgrade

schoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesays

she'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead."I'vealwaysdonewhatI

wantedtodo：liveaself-determinedlife.'1

52.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause.

A)theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B)theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C)theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D)theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

53.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

A)Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B)ItisgettingclosertoAmericanstylecapitalism.

C)Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D)Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

54.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare?

A)warmandlightheartedC)negativeandgloomy

B)oneithersideofmarriageD)healthyandwealthy

55.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat?

A)somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B)thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C)someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D)mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

56.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A)Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B)Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C)Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D)Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

SupportersofthebiotechindustryhaveaccusedanAmericanscientistofmisconductaftershetestifiedtotheNew

Zealandgovernmentthatageneticallymodified(GM)bacteriumcouldcauseseriousdamageifreleased.

TheNewZealandLifeSciencesNetwork,anassociationofpro-GMscientistsandorganizations,saystheview

expressedbyElaineIngham,asoilbiologistatOregonStateUniversityinCorvallis,wasexaggeratedand

irresponsible.Ithasaskedheruniversitytodisciplineher.

ButInghamstandsbyhercommentsandsaysthecomplaintsareanattempttosilenceher."They'retryingtocause

troublewithmyuniversityandgetmefired,"InghamtoldNewScientist.

Thecontroversybeganon1February,whenInghamtestifiedbeforeNewZealand'sRoyalCommissiononGenetic

Modification,whichwilldeterminehowtoregulateGMorganisms.InghamclaimedthataGMversionofacommon

soilbacteriumcouldspreadanddestroyplantsifreleasedintothewild.Otherresearchershadpreviouslymodifiedthe

bacteriumtoproducealcoholfromorganicwaste.ButInghamsaysthatwhensheputitinsoilwithwheatplants,allof

theplantsdiedwithinaweek.

"Wewouldloseterrestrial(陸生的)plants...thisisanorganismthatispotentiallydeadlytothecontinuedsurvival

ofhumanbeings,"shetoldthecommission.SheaddedthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)canceled

itsapprovalforfieldtestsusingtheorganismonceshehadtoldthemaboutherresearchin1999.

ButlastweektheNewZealandLifeSciencesNetworkaccusedInghamof"presentinginaccurate,carelessand

exaggeratedinformation"and"generatingspeculativedoomsdayscenarios(世界末日的局面)thatarenotscientifically

supportable".Theysaythatherstudydoesn'tevenshowthatthebacteriawouldsurviveinthewild,muchlesskill

massivenumbersofplants.What'smore,thenetworksaysthatcontrarytoIngham'sclaims,theEPAwasneverasked

toconsidertheorganismforfieldtrials.

TheEPAhasnotcommentedonthedispute.Butane-mailtothenetworkfromJanetAnderson,directorofthe

EPA'sbio-pesticides(生物殺蟲劑)division,says"thereisnorecordofareviewand/orclearancetofieldtest'*the

organism.

InghamsaysEPAofficialshadtoldherthattheorganismwasapprovedforfieldtests,butsaysshehasfewdetails.

It'salsonotclearwhethertheorganism,firstengineeredbyaGermaninstituteforbiotechnology,isstillinuse.

WhetherInghamisrightorwrong,hersupporterssayopponentsaretryingunfairlytosilenceher.

“Ithinkherconcernsshouldbetakenseriously.Sheshouldn'tbeharassedinthisway,'1saysAnnClarke,aplant

biologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawhoalsotestifiedbeforethecommission,"Itsanattempttosilencethe

opposition.'1

57.Thepassagecentersonthecontroversy_______?

A)betweenAmericanandNewZealandbiologistsovergeneticmodification

B)astowhetherthestudyofgeneticmodificationshouldbecontinued

C)overthepossibleadverseeffectofaGMbacteriumonplants

D)aboutwhetherElaineInghamshouldbefiredbyheruniversity

58.Inghaminsiststhathertestimonyisbasedon_______.

A)evidenceprovidedbytheEPAoftheUnitedStates

B)theresultsofanexperimentsheconductedherself

C)evidencefromhercollaborativeresearchwithGermanbiologists

D)theresultsofextensivefieldtestsinCorvallis,Oregon

59.AccordingtoJanetAnderson,theEPA_______.

A)hascanceleditsapprovalforfieldtestsoftheGMorganism

B)hasn*treviewedthefindingsofIngham'sresearch

C)hasapprovedfieldtestsusingtheGMorganism

D)hasn'tgivenpermissiontofieldtesttheGMorganism

60.AccordingtoAnnClarke,theNewZealandLifeSciencesNetwork_______.

A)shouldgatherevidencetodiscreditIngham'sclaims

B)shouldrequirethattheresearchbytheirbiologistsberegulated

C)shouldn'tdemandthatInghambedisciplinedforvoicingherviews

D)shouldn'tappeasetheoppositioninsuchaquietway

61.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutInghamisTRUE?

A)Hertestimonyhasn'tbeensupportedbytheEPA.

B)Hercredibilityasascientisthasn'tbeenundermined.

C)Sheisfirmlysupportedbyheruniversity.

D)ShehasmadegreatcontributionstothestudyofGMbacteria,

key:52.A53.B54.D55.A56.C

57.C58.B59.D60.C61.A

2003.9

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

In1985whenaJapanAirLines(JAL)jetcrashed,itspresident,YasumotoTakagi,calledeachvictim'sfamilyto

apologize,andthenpromptlyresigned.Andin1987,whenasubsidiaryofToshibasolesensitivemilitarytechnologyto

theformerSovietUnion,thechairmanofToshibagaveuphispost.

Theseexecutiveactions,whichToshibacalls“thehighestformofapology,mayseembizarretoUSmanagers.

NooneatBoeingresignedaftertheJALcrash,whichmayhavebeencausedbyafaultyBoeingrepair.

Thedifferencebetweenthetwobusinessculturescentersarounddifferentdefinitionsofdelegation.WhileUS

executivesgivebothresponsibilityandauthoritytotheiremployees,Japaneseexecutivesdelegateonlyauthority-the

responsibilityisstilltheirs.AlthoughthesubsidiarythatsoldthesensitivetechnologytotheSovietshaditsown

management,theToshibatopexecutivessaidthey“musttakepersonalresponsibilityfornotcreatinganatmosphere

throughouttheToshibagroupthatwouldmakesuchactivityunthinkable,eveninanindependentlyrunsubsidiary.”

SuchacceptanceofcommunityresponsibilityisnotuniquetobusinessesinJapan.SchoolprincipalsinJapanhave

resignedwhentheirstudentscommittedmajorcrimesafterschoolhours.Eveniftheydonotquit,Japaneseexecutives

willoftenacceptprimaryresponsibilityinotherways,suchastakingthefirstpaycutwhenacompanygetsinto

financialtrouble.Suchpersonalsacrifices,eveniftheyarelargelysymbolic,helptocreatethesenseofcommunityand

employeeloyaltythatiscrucialtotheJapanesewayofdoingbusiness.

HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorGeorgeLodgecallstheritualacceptanceofblame“almostafeudal(封建的)

wayofpurging(清除)thecommunityofdishonor,andtosomeintheUnitedStates,suchresignationslookcowardly.

However,inanerainwhichbothbusinessandgovernmentalleadersseemparticularlygoodatevadingresponsibility,

manyUSmanagerswouldprobablywelcomeaninfusion(灌輸)oftheJapanesesenseofresponsibility,If,forinstance,

USautomobilecompanyexecutivesofferedtoreducetheirownsalariesbeforetheyaskedtheirworkerstotakepay

cuts,negotiationswouldprobablytakeonaverydifferentcharacter.

21.WhydidthechairmanofToshibaresignhispositionin1987?

A)InJapan,theleakageofaslatesecrettoRussiansisagravecame.

B)Hehadbeenunderattackforshiftingresponsibilitytohissubordinates.

C)InJapan,thechiefexecutiveofacorporationisheldresponsibleforthemistakemadebyitssubsidiaries.

D)Hehadbeenaccusedofbeingcowardlytowardscrisesthatweretakingplaceinhiscorporation.

22.AccordingtothepassageifyouwanttobeagoodmanagerinJapan,youhaveto,

A)apologizepromptlyforyoursubordinates*mistakes

B)beskillfulinacceptingblamesfromcustomers

C)makesymbolicsacrificeswhenevernecessary

D)createastrongsenseofcompanyloyalty

23.WhafsProfessorGeorgeLodge'sattitudetowardstheresignationsofJapanesecorporateleaders?

A)SympatheticC)Critical

B)Biased.D)Approving.

24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A)BoeinghadnothingtodowiththeJALaircrashin1985.

B)Americanexecutivesconsiderauthorityandresponsibilityinseparable.

C)Schoolprincipalsbearlegalresponsibilityforstudents'crimes.

D)Persuadingemployeestotakepaycutsdoesn'thelpsolvecorporatecrises.

25.Thepassageismainlyabout?

A)resignationasaneffectivewayofdealingwithbusinesscrises

B)theimportanceofdelegatingresponsibilitytoemployees

C)waysofevadingresponsibilityintimesofcrises

D)thedifferencebetweentwobusinesscultures

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asmachinesgo,thecarisnotterriblynoisy,norterriblypolluting,norterriblydangerous;andonallthose

dimensionsithasbecomebetterasthecenturyhasgrownolder.Themainproblemisitsprevalence,andthesocial

coststhatensuefromtheusebyeveryoneofsomethingthatwouldbefairlyharmlessif,say,onlytherichweretouseit.

Itisapricewepayforequality.

Beforebecomingtoogloomy,itisworthrecallingwhythecarhasbeenarguablythemostsuccessfulandpopular

productofthewholeofthepast100years-andremainsso.Thestorybeginswiththeenvironmentalimprovementit

broughtinthe1900s.InNewYorkcityin1900,accordingtotheCarCulture.A1975bookbyJ.Flink,ahistorian,

horsesdeposited2.5millioopoundsofmanure(糞)and60,000gallonsofurine(尿)everyday.Everyyear,thecity

authoritieshadtoremoveanaverageof15,000deadhorsesfromthestreets,Itmadecarssmellofroses.

Carswerealsowonderfullyflexible.Themainearliersolutiontohorsepollutionandtrafficjamswastheelectric

trolleybus(電車).Butthatrequiredfixedoverheadwires,andrailsandplatforms,whichwereexpensive,ugly,and

inflexible,ThecarcouldgofromanyAtoanyB,andallowedtownstodevelopinalldirectionswithlow-density

housing,ratherthanjustbeingconcentratedalongthetrolleyorraillines.Ruralareasbenefitedtoo,fortheybecame

lessremote.

However,sincepollutionbecameaconcerninthe1950s,expertshavepredicted-wrongly-thatthecarboomwas

abouttoend.InhisbookMr.Flinkarguedthatby1973theAmericanmarkethadbecomesaturated,atonecarfor

every2.25people,andsohadthemarketsofJapanandWesternEurope(becauseoflandshortages).Environmental

worriesanddiminishingoilreserveswouldprohibitmasscaruseanywhereelse.

Hewaswrong,Between1970and1990,whereasAmerica'spopulationgrewby23%,theaumberofcarsonits

roadsgrewby60%,Thereisnowonecarforevery1.7peoplethere,oneforevery2.1inJapan,oneforevery5.3in

Britain.Around550millioncarsarealreadyontheroads,nottomentionallthetrucksandmocorcyeles,andabout50

millionnewonesaremadeeachyearworldwide.Willitgoon?Undoubtedly,becausepeoplewantitto.

26.Asisgiveninthefirstparagraph,thereasonwhythecarhasbecomeaproblemisthat,

A)poorpeoplecan'tafforditB)itistooexpensivetomaintain

C)toomanypeopleareusingitD)itcausestoomanyroadaccidents

27.Accordingtothepassage,thecarstartedtogainpopularitybecause.

A)itdidn,tbreakdownaseasilyasahorseB)ithadacomparativelypleasantodor

C)itcausedlesspollutionthanhorsesD)itbrightenedupthegloomystreets

28.Whatimpactdidtheuseofcarshaveonsociety?

A)Peoplewerecompelledtoleavedowntownareas.

B)Peoplewereabletoliveinlesscrowdedsuburbanareas.

C)Businessalongtrolleyandraillinesslackened.

D)Citystreetswerefreeofuglyoverheadwires.

29.Mr.Flinkarguedinhisbookthatcarswouldnotbewidelyusedinothercountriesbecause?

A)theonceboomingcarmarkethasbecomesaturated

B)trafficjamsinthosecountriesaregettingmoreandmoreserious

C)expensivemotorwaysarenotavailableinlessdevelopedcountries

D)peopleworryaboutpollutionandthediminishingoilresources

30.WhafswrongwithMr.Flink^prediction?

A)Theuseofautomobileshaskeptincreasingworldwide.

B)Newgenerationsofcarsarevirtuallypollutionfree.

C)ThepopulationofAmericahasnotincreasedasfast.

D)People'senvironmentalconcernsareconstantlyincreasing.

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymake

Americansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毀

火性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtothe

emotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthe

chemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.

Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,

purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.

Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymight

fromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,more

likelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.

Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,Universityof

Minnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportant

chemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshed

becauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.

Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanills

andmonitoringdrugs.

AtTulaneUniversity'sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearsto

detectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(藥物)，todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybe

uncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye“syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasure

exposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.

AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseases

awayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededto

performhighlyrefinedanalyses.

31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat?

A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

B)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy

C)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople

D)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed

32.Whatdoes"boththoseresponsestotears”(Line6,Para,1)referto?

A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.

B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.

C)Thetearsheddefsapologyandtheobserver'sefforttostopthecrying.

D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.

33."Counterproductive''(Lines6-7,Para,l)veryprobablymeans"

A)havingnoeffectatall

B)leadingtotension

C)producingdisastrousimpact

D)harmfultohealth

34.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?

A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.

B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman'ssurvival.

C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.

D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.

35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?

A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.

B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.

C)Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomecases.

D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.

PassageFour

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Itisnosecretamongathletesthatinordertoimproveperformanceyou'vegottoworkhard.However,hard

trainingbreaksyoudownandmakesyouweaker,Itisrestthatmakesyoustronger.Improvementonlyoccursduring

therestperiodfollowinghardtraining.Thisadaptationisaccomplishedbyimprovingefficiencyoftheheartandcertain

systemswithinthemusclecells.Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelstocompensateforthe

stressthatyouhaveapplied.Theresultisthatyouarenowatahigherlevelofperformance.

Ifsufficientrestisnotincludedinatrainingprogram,imbalancebetweenexcesstrainingandinadequaterestwill

occur,andperformancewilldecline.The^overtrainingsyndrome(綜合癥)“isthenamegiventothecollectionof

emotional,behavioral,andphysicalsymptomsduetoovertrainingthathaspersistedforweekstomonths.Itismarked

bycumulativeexhaustionthatpersistsevenafterrecoveryperiods.

Themostcommonsymptomisfatigue.Thismaylimitworkoutsandmaybepresentatrest.Theathletemayalso

becomemoody,easilyimitated,havealteredsleeppatterns,becomedepressed,orlosethecompetitivedesireand

enthusiasmforthesport,Somewillreportdecreasedappetiteandweightloss.Physicalsymptomsincludepersistent

muscularsoreness,increasedfrequencyofviral(病毒性的)illnesses,andincreasedincidenceofinjuries.

Thetreatmentfortheovertrainingsyndromeisrest.Thelongertheovertraininghasoccurred,themorerest

required,Therefore,earlydetectionisveryimportant,Iftheovertraininghasonlyoccurredforashortperiodoftime

(e.g.3-4weeks)theninterruptingtrainingfor3-5daysisusuallysufficientrest.Itisimportantthatthefactorsthatlead

toovertrainingbeidentifiedandcorrected.Otherwise,theovertrainingsyndromeislikelytorecur.Theovertraining

syndromeshouldbeconsideredinanyathletewhomanifestssymptomsofprolongedfatigueandwhoseperformance

hasleveledoffordecreased.Itisimportanttoexcludeanyunderlyingillnessthatmayberesponsibleforthefatigue.

36.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagetellsusthat.

A)theharderanathletetrains,thebetterhisperformancewillbe

B)restaftervigoroustrainingimprovesanathlete'sperformance

C)strictsystematictrainingisessentialtoanathlete'stopperformance

D)improvementofanathlete'sperformanceoccursinthecourseoftraining

37.By"overtraining“theauthormeans.

A)aseriesofphysicalsymptomsthatoccuraftertraining

B)undueemphasisontheimportanceofphysicalexertion

C)trainingthatisnotadequatelycompensatedforbyrest

D)trainingthathasexceededanathlete'semotionallimits

38.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutthe“overtraining”syndrome?

A)Itoccurswhenathletesloseinterestinsports.

B)Itappearsrightafterahardtrainingsession.

C)Thefatigueitresultsinisunavoidableintheathlete'strainingprocess.

C)Itmanifestsitselfinfatiguewhichlingersevenafterarecoveryperiod.

39.Whatdoesthephrase“leveloff'(Line7,Para,4)mostprobablymean?

A)Slowdown.B)Becomedull.C)Stopimproving.D)Beonthedecline.

40.Theauthoradvisesattheendofthepassagethat.

A)overtrainingsyndromeshouldbetreatedasaseriousillness

B)overtrainingsyndromeshouldbepreventedbeforeitoccurs

C)anathletewithovertrainingsyndromeshouldtakealengthyrest

D)illnesscaus