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熱點(diǎn)10人與自然閱讀理解之首字母填空題1)首字母填空題答題時(shí)要求既要使所填的詞在語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義上正確,又要使其符合短文內(nèi)容與情景的需要,所給出的詞首字母同時(shí)起著提示和限定的作用。它不僅考查學(xué)生在詞匯、語(yǔ)法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),還考察理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力。2)從近幾年的考題來(lái)看,短文填空題所考查的單詞涉及的詞性范圍較廣,幾乎涉及到了十大詞類;文中所涉及的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)面較寬,學(xué)生需運(yùn)用已學(xué)過(guò)的詞法、句法及常用詞組、短語(yǔ)、慣用法等知識(shí)進(jìn)行具體分析后再答題,有一定的難度。文章短小、精致,字?jǐn)?shù)通常在100~150之間。短文的體裁不一,有記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文等。短文題材豐富,內(nèi)容通俗易懂,與現(xiàn)代生活緊密相關(guān),可讀性、趣味性強(qiáng),符合初中生的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)閱讀主題意境中涉及到人與自然的主要話題包括:自然環(huán)境與人類生活:作品可能探討人類與自然環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系,如人類如何依賴自然、影響自然以及適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境。生態(tài)平衡與可持續(xù)發(fā)展:作品可能探討人類對(duì)自然環(huán)境破壞與保護(hù),倡導(dǎo)生態(tài)平衡和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要性。自然景觀與情感體驗(yàn):作品可能描述自然景觀對(duì)人類情感的影響,如大自然所帶來(lái)的寧?kù)o、美麗、震撼等情感體驗(yàn)。自然與文化:作品可能反映人類文化與自然環(huán)境的交融,探討自然對(duì)于文化塑造和啟發(fā)的作用。【應(yīng)試技巧】01通讀全文,了解大意通讀全文的目的是能夠做到整體把握文章,迅速的了解文章大意,并且對(duì)文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和中心思想有一個(gè)基本的了解。通讀全文時(shí),不宜看一空填一空,以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。02把握段首句中考的首字母往往以議論文為主,而段落的開(kāi)首句,往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考試中,把握好段首句,可以窺探到整段的全貌,以首句的時(shí)態(tài),意義為立足點(diǎn),可以方便我們判斷整段的大意及主題。03抓住關(guān)鍵詞文章的展開(kāi)是按照一定的邏輯關(guān)系的,因此在文章中,作者也會(huì)使用一些關(guān)鍵的表現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系聯(lián)詞,例如:but、so、inaddition等。這些關(guān)鍵詞,可以幫助我們聯(lián)系上下文展開(kāi)合理的邏輯分析,了解所提問(wèn)的特定語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)篇的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。04熟悉考綱詞組的固定搭配考綱搭配在中考的考查中占據(jù)了重要的位置,而在首字母中,也出現(xiàn)過(guò)直接考查固定搭配的情況,因此,在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,需要鞏固好考綱詞組。05聯(lián)系上下文解題在解題過(guò)程中,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循“先易后難”的原則,當(dāng)遇到解不出的題時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)跳過(guò)。首字母填空著重考查學(xué)生對(duì)上下文的理解,因此,很多情況下,隨著下文的展開(kāi)和文章的深入,前面填不出的詞,在下文中會(huì)有提示。因此,學(xué)生在作答時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系前后文,充分利用上下文中的有效信息,確定答案。06重讀文章,檢驗(yàn)答案當(dāng)全部答完后,一定要把文章重新讀一遍。查看文章是否通順,語(yǔ)法是否有誤。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有不順暢的地方,則需要再進(jìn)行推敲。個(gè)別單詞的形式要著重注意。例如:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)以及形容詞副詞的級(jí)。一、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,是其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一次,首字母已給)

Nowadays,theenvironmentalprotectionisbecomingoneofthemostimportantissuesintheworld.Beingoneofthem1ofoursociety,whatshallwedotoprotecttheenvironment?

First,stopusingp2bags,boxesandbottles.Storesshouldberequiredtousethebags,boxesandbottleswhicharemadefrompaper.

Secondly,moreandmoretreesandflowersshouldbep3tokeepoursurroundingclean.Peoplemustberequiredtoplantplantsaroundtheirhousesandworkplaces.

F4wemustcontrolthepollutionbylaw,accordingtowhich,pollutedwaterandairexhaustedfromfactoriesshouldbeforbidden.

Thesearesomeofthemeasuresthatwecantaketoprotectourenvironmentandtheyarenothardtasksforus.Remember,theearthistheo5planetwecouldliveatpresent.

Sincethefirstday,BNBMhaspaidmoreattentiontoprotecttheenvironmentasitssocialresponsibility,bydevelopinggreenbuildingmaterials,producinggreenp6andcreatinggreenenterprises.Accordingtothespiritof“F7thenature,forthenatureandreturntothenature”,BNBMhastrieditsbestindevelopingnewtechnologyandimprovingequipmenttoreducethepollution.【答案】1.(m)embers2.(p)lastic3.(p)lanted4.(F)inally5.(o)nly6.(p)roducts7.(F)or【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文,文章介紹了一些保護(hù)環(huán)境的措施。1.句意:作為社會(huì)的一員,我們應(yīng)該做些什么來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境?根據(jù)后文“whatshallwedo...”可知,此處表示我們作為社會(huì)的成員,應(yīng)用名詞member。oneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),此處名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填(m)embers。2.句意:停止使用塑料袋,塑料盒子和塑料瓶。根據(jù)后文“thebags,boxesandbottleswhicharemadefrompaper”可知,后文提到商店應(yīng)用由紙制成的袋子、盒子和瓶子,所以前文是倡導(dǎo)人們停止使用對(duì)環(huán)境有害的塑料袋,表示“塑料的”應(yīng)用形容詞plastic,故填(p)lastic。3.句意:其次,應(yīng)該種植更多的樹(shù)木和鮮花來(lái)保持我們周圍的清潔。根據(jù)后文“Peoplemustberequiredtoplantplantsaroundtheirhousesandworkplaces.”可知,此處提倡人們種樹(shù)和花,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞plant。本句主語(yǔ)是“moreandmoretreesandflowers”,主謂之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),空處動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞形式,故填(p)lanted。4.句意:最后,我們必須通過(guò)法律控制污染。根據(jù)前文“First,”和“Secondly,”,以及后文“Thesearesomeofthemeasuresthatwecantaketoprotectourenvironmentandtheyarenothardtasksforus.”可知,本段是最后一條建議,應(yīng)用副詞finally,故填(F)inally。5.句意:記住,地球是我們目前唯一可以居住的星球。根據(jù)前文“theearth”可知,此處表示地球是人類居住唯一的星球,only表示“唯一的”,符合語(yǔ)境,故填(o)nly。6.句意:從第一天開(kāi)始,BNBM就更加重視保護(hù)環(huán)境,將其作為自己的社會(huì)責(zé)任,開(kāi)發(fā)綠色建材,生產(chǎn)綠色產(chǎn)品,創(chuàng)建綠色企業(yè)。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞“producing”可知,此處表示生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品,應(yīng)用名詞product??涨盁o(wú)冠詞修飾,product是可數(shù)名詞,此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填(p)roducts。7.句意:本著“為了自然,為了自然,回歸自然”的精神。根據(jù)后文“forthenature”可知,此處表示并列,應(yīng)用介詞for,故填(F)or。二、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,是其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一次,首字母已給)Weknowanimalshaveemotions.Theycanfeelfear.Wealsothinktheyfeellove,sincetheyhavestrongrelationshipswitheachother.Soareanimalemotionss8toourown?Anddoanimalshaveasenseofhumor?AParrot’sJokeSally’sparrotBongodidn’tgetalongwithhera9parrot,Paco.Infact,Bongoclearlydidn’tlikePacoatall!Oneday,Sallycookedachickenfordinner.Shestartedtocutthechickenwithaknife.“Oh,no!Paco!”Bongosaidloudlyandlaughed.Sallylaughed,too,andsaid,“ThatchickenisnotPaco.”“Oh…no,”saidBongo.Thistime,shesoundedd10.Thentheparrotlaughedatherownjoke.YogaDogJeanenjoysyogaandsodoesherdogBuffy.W11Jeandoesyoga,BuffycarefullyplaceshertoysonJean’sbody.Ifatoyfalls,Buffyrunstoputitb12.Doesthisbehaviorhaveanyrealpurpose?“Shethinksit’sfunny!”saysJean.AnimalLaughterCandogs“l(fā)augh”?Recentresearchshowsthatdogscantelleachotherwhentheywanttoplay.Theymakeaspecialsoundakindof“l(fā)augh.”P(pán)sychologist(心理學(xué)家)Patriciarecordedthesound.Thensheplayedittodogsands13theirbehavior.“Allthedogsseemedtolikethelaugh,”saysPatricia.Sodoanimalshaveasenseofhumor?Iflaughterisaclue,thenp14theansweris“yes!”.【答案】8.(s)imilar9.(a)nother10.(d)isappointed11.(W)hile/(W)hen12.(b)ack13.(s)tudied14.(p)erhaps【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了動(dòng)物是否有幽默感的研究。8.句意:那么動(dòng)物的情感和我們的相似嗎?根據(jù)“Anddoanimalshaveasenseofhumor?”和首字母可知,作者反問(wèn)動(dòng)物的情感是否和人類相似。similar“相似的”符合語(yǔ)境,故填(s)imilar。9.句意:莎莉的鸚鵡邦戈和她的另一只鸚鵡帕科相處得不好。根據(jù)“Sally’sparrotBongodidn’tgetalongwithhera...parrot,Paco.”可知,帕科是莎莉的另一只鸚鵡,應(yīng)用another。故填(a)nother。10.句意:這一次,她聽(tīng)起來(lái)很失望。根據(jù)上文“Infact,Bongoclearlydidn’tlikePacoatall!”可知,邦戈顯然一點(diǎn)也不喜歡帕科,所以當(dāng)莎莉說(shuō)這個(gè)要吃的雞不是帕科時(shí),她很失望,應(yīng)用形容詞disappointed。故填(d)isappointed。11.句意:吉恩做瑜伽時(shí),巴菲小心翼翼地把玩具放在吉恩的身上。根據(jù)“Jeandoesyoga,BuffycarefullyplaceshertoysonJean’sbody.”可知,這里是主從復(fù)合句,結(jié)合首字母可知,可以用while或when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故填(W)hile/(W)hen。12.句意:如果一個(gè)玩具掉了,巴菲跑去把它放回去。根據(jù)“Ifatoyfalls,Buffyrunstoputitb...”可知,狗會(huì)把吉恩身上的玩具再放回去。此處應(yīng)用副詞back。故填(b)ack。13.句意:然后她把這首歌放給狗聽(tīng),研究它們的行為。根據(jù)上文“Recentresearchshowsthatdogscantelleachotherwhentheywanttoplay.”和首字母可知,這里是研究狗的行為。study“研究”,動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)played可知,動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填(s)tudied。14.句意:如果笑聲是一個(gè)線索,那么也許答案是“是的!”根據(jù)“Sodoanimalshaveasenseofhumor?Iflaughterisaclue,thenp...theansweris‘yes!’.”可知,這里是表示一種可能性,perhaps“可能”符合語(yǔ)境,故填(p)erhaps。三、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,是其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一次,首字母已給)Plants“Talk”Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatplantsrespondtosoundsaroundthem.ButnowscientistsinIsraelhaveshownthatplantsalsoseemtobedoingsome“talking”.ProfessorHadanyandherteamatAvivUniversitysetupmicrophonestor15tomatoplantsunderdifferentsituations.Theresultshowedthattheplantsmadeultrasonicsounds(超聲波).Whentheresearcherschangedthesoundsintoonesthathumanscouldhear,theyheardsharpclickingnoises(咔噠聲).Asthescientistsstudiedthesounds,theynoticetheregularity.Plantsh16clickedwhentheyhadenoughwater.Butastheirsoil(土壤)gotdrier,theybegantoclick.Whenscientistscutoffastemfromtheplants,theplantsalsoclickedmore.Buttheclickingwasn’tthesameaswhentheplantsneededwater.Theresultsuggeststhatresearchersmayonedaybeabletouseaplant’ssoundstofindoutwhenitishavingtrouble,andwhattroubleitishaving.Thatcouldbeveryhelpfultof17.Theotherresearchhasshownthatplantsalsomakesoundstocommunicateinsomeways.Wheninsectsa18aplant,itwillgiveawarningtoitsneighbours.Soon,nearbyplantsstarttomakechemicalsthatdon’ttastegoodtoinsects.It’saneffectivewayforplantstop19themselves.Thenhereisaquestion:Isanythinglisteningtotheplants?Dr.Hadanypointsoutthatmicewholiveonplantscanhearthesounds.Theclicksmaytellthemwhetheraplanthasproblems.Iftheplantisn’th20,theywillavoidit.AsDr.Hadanysays,“Eveninaquietfield,thereareactuallysoundsthatwedon’thear,andthosesoundscarryi21.Theteam’sresearchhasalreadychangedourideasaboutplants.”【答案】15.(r)ecord16.(h)ardly17.(f)armers18.(a)ttack19.(p)rotect20.(h)ealthy21.(i)nformation【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了植物能夠發(fā)出聲音,并且這些聲音能夠告訴人們植物遇到了什么問(wèn)題。15.句意:特拉維夫大學(xué)的Hadany教授和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)設(shè)置了麥克風(fēng)來(lái)記錄不同情況下的番茄植株。根據(jù)“tomatoplantsunderdifferentsituations”可知是記錄不同情況下的番茄植株,record“記錄”,動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to后加動(dòng)詞原形。故填(r)ecord。16.句意:當(dāng)植物有足夠的水時(shí),它們幾乎不會(huì)發(fā)出咔噠聲。根據(jù)“Butastheirsoil(土壤)gotdrier,theybegantoclick.”可知當(dāng)土壤干燥時(shí),它們開(kāi)始發(fā)出咔噠聲,但是當(dāng)有足夠的水時(shí),幾乎不會(huì)發(fā)出咔噠聲,hardly“幾乎不”。故填(h)ardly。17.句意:這對(duì)農(nóng)民很有幫助。根據(jù)“researchersmayonedaybeabletouseaplant’ssoundstofindoutwhenitishavingtrouble,andwhattroubleitishaving.Thatcouldbeveryhelpfulto”可知對(duì)植物的研究結(jié)果對(duì)農(nóng)民有幫助,farmer“農(nóng)民”,此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填(f)armers。18.句意:當(dāng)昆蟲(chóng)攻擊植物時(shí),它會(huì)向鄰居發(fā)出警告。根據(jù)“itwillgiveawarningtoitsneighbours”可知是受到攻擊時(shí),會(huì)發(fā)出警告,attack“攻擊”,when引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)是名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。故填(a)ttack。19.句意:這是植物保護(hù)自己的有效方法。根據(jù)“It’saneffectivewayforplantsto...themselves”可知附近的植物開(kāi)始散發(fā)對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)來(lái)說(shuō)味道不好的化學(xué)物質(zhì),這是植物在保護(hù)自己,protect“保護(hù)”,動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to后加動(dòng)詞原形。故填(p)rotect。20.句意:如果這種植物不健康,它們就會(huì)避開(kāi)它。根據(jù)“theywillavoidit.”可知當(dāng)植物不健康時(shí),老鼠就會(huì)避開(kāi)它,healthy“健康的”。故填(h)ealthy。21.句意:即使在安靜的田野里,實(shí)際上也有我們聽(tīng)不到的聲音,這些聲音傳遞著信息。根據(jù)“thereareactuallysoundsthatwedon’thear,andthosesoundscarry”可知這些聲音傳遞著信息,information“信息”,不可數(shù)名詞。故填(i)nformation。四、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,是其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一次,首字母已給)Name:DameJaneMorrisGoodallBorn:3April1934Knownfor:Beingthefirstpersontostudychimpanzees(黑猩猩)inthewildImportantdiscoveries:Foundthatchimpanzeeshaveemotions,usetoolsandeatmeat.(N:NationalGeographicKidsMagazineJ:JaneGoodall)N:HiJane,whendidyoufirstknowyouwantedtoworkwithanimals?J:IwastenwhenIdecidedIwantedtogotoAfricaandlivewithwildanimalsandwritebooksaboutthem.That’sabout70yearsagonow,andatthattimethengirlsinEnglanddidn’thavethoseopportunities(機(jī)會(huì)).Soeverybodylaughedatmeandsaid,“Jane,d22aboutsomethingyoucanachieve.”Butmymothersaid,“Ifyoureallywantsomething,you’regoingtohavetoworkhardandnevergiveup!”N:Greata23!What’sbeenunusualabouttheworkyou’vedone?J:Istudiedanimalsinadifferentway.WhileIwasinTanzaniainthe1960s,otherscientiststoldmeI’ddonemywholestudyofchimpanzeesw24.TheyexplainedthatIshouldn’thavegiventhechimpanzeesnamesandthattheyshouldhavebeennumbered.IwastoldIcouldn’ttalkabouttheirpersonalities,mindsoremotionsbecausetheythoughtonlyhumanshadthosethings.Butluckily,I’dlearnedfrommydogasachildthatwhattheysaidwasnott25atall.N:Itsoundslikehavingachildhoodpetreallyhelpedyouinyourstudies!Whatareyoumostp26of?J:Helpingpeopletounderstandthathumansarepartoftheanimalkingdom,notseparatefromit.WhenIstartedout,nobodyelsewasstudyingchimpanzeesinthewild,soIwasabletoshowhowtheirbehaviourislikeo27-kissing,hugging,holdinghands,pattingoneanother,etc.N:Whatt28wouldyougivetoNGKidsreaderswhowanttohaveawildcareerlikeyours?J:You’vegottoreally,reallywantit!Youcouldgotouniversityandgostraightintoresearch,buttherearealsolotsofchancesforvolunteeringorforworkingatzoos.Keepyourearsopenforopportunities.N:Thanksforthechat,Jane!【答案】22.(d)ream23.(a)dvice24.(w)rong25.(t)rue26.(p)roud27.(o)urs28.(t)ips【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是國(guó)家地理兒童雜志編輯采訪珍·古道爾的聊天記錄。22.句意:簡(jiǎn),夢(mèng)想一些你能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子為祈使句,此處缺少動(dòng)詞原形;根據(jù)上文“IwastenwhenIdecidedIwantedtogotoAfricaandlivewithwildanimalsandwritebooksaboutthem.That’sabout70yearsagonow,andatthattimethengirlsinEnglanddidn’thavethoseopportunities”和首字母“d”可知,古道爾十歲的時(shí)候,就夢(mèng)想去非洲和野生動(dòng)物住在一起,并寫(xiě)關(guān)于它們的書(shū);但在那時(shí),英國(guó)的女孩沒(méi)有這樣的機(jī)會(huì),所以人們就笑她,讓她現(xiàn)實(shí)一點(diǎn),夢(mèng)想能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情;dream“夢(mèng)想”,動(dòng)詞,符合語(yǔ)境。故填(d)ream。23.句意:好建議!根據(jù)“Ifyoureallywantsomething,you’regoingtohavetoworkhardandnevergiveup!”可知,其他人嘲笑他的夢(mèng)想,但是母親卻建議她努力工作,永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄;結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和首字母“a”可知,advice“建議”,不可數(shù)名詞,符合語(yǔ)境。故填(a)dvice。24.句意:20世紀(jì)60年代,當(dāng)我在坦桑尼亞的時(shí)候,其他科學(xué)家告訴我,我對(duì)黑猩猩的整個(gè)研究都錯(cuò)了。結(jié)合“TheyexplainedthatIshouldn’thavegiventhechimpanzeesnamesandthattheyshouldhavebeennumbered.IwastoldIcouldn’ttalkabouttheirpersonalities,mindsoremotionsbecausetheythoughtonlyhumanshadthosethings.”和首字母“w”可知,此處是指其他科學(xué)家認(rèn)為我對(duì)黑猩猩的研究是錯(cuò)誤的;wrong“錯(cuò)誤地,不正確”,副詞,作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞done,符合語(yǔ)境。故填(w)rong。25.句意:但幸運(yùn)的是,我從小就從我的狗身上學(xué)到,他們說(shuō)的根本不是真的。結(jié)合“Butluckily,I’dlearnedfrommydogasachild…”和首字母“t”可知,其他科學(xué)家的說(shuō)法與事實(shí)不符;true“真實(shí)的”,形容詞,在句中作表語(yǔ)。故填(t)rue。26.句意:你最自豪的是什么?根據(jù)下文“Helpingpeopletounderstandthathumansarepartoftheanimalkingdom,notseparatefromit.WhenIstartedout,nobodyelsewasstudyingchimpanzeesinthewild,”可知,幫助人們理解人類是動(dòng)物王國(guó)的一部分,而不是與之分離。當(dāng)古道爾開(kāi)始研究的時(shí)候,沒(méi)有人在野外研究黑猩猩,所以她的貢獻(xiàn)是巨大的,這讓古道爾感到非常自豪;根據(jù)“be…of”和首字母“p”可知,此處考查beproudof“為……感到自豪”,形容詞短語(yǔ)。故填(p)roud。27.句意:當(dāng)我開(kāi)始研究的時(shí)候,沒(méi)有人在野外研究黑猩猩,所以我能夠展示它們的行為和我們的行為有什么相似之處——接吻、擁抱、牽手、互相撫摸等等。結(jié)合“theirbehavior”、首字母“o”和下文“kissing,hugging,holdinghands,pattingoneanother,etc.”可知,此處是指我們的行為,即ourbehavior,可用ours來(lái)代替。故填(o)urs。28.句意:對(duì)于那些想擁有像你一樣瘋狂的職業(yè)生涯的國(guó)家地理兒童讀者,你有什么建議嗎?根據(jù)下文“Youcouldgotouniversityandgostraightintoresearch,buttherearealsolotsofchancesforvolunteeringorforworkingatzoos.Keepyourearsopenforopportunities.”可知,此處是詢問(wèn)古道爾是否有一些建議給國(guó)家地理雜志的兒童讀者;結(jié)合首字母“t”可知,tip“建議”,可數(shù)名詞,由語(yǔ)境可知,此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指。故填(t)ips。五、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,是其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一次,首字母已給)Everyyear,thousandsofpeople’slivesareaffectedbydisasters.ThisweektheeditorBeckyinNewsMagazinei29adisastersurvivorFiona.Becky:Fiona,youwereinacyclone(龍卷風(fēng)).Wherewasthat?Fiona:InnorthAustralia,inNormanton.That’swhereIlive.Becky:Whatdidyoudowhenthecyclonearrived?Fiona:Weallstayedinside,inthebasement,becausethat’sthes30place.Wecouldhearthestormcomingcloserandcloser.Thenoisewasawful.Atonepointtherewasareallyloudnoise.Ithought:“That’sit!It’sgoingtodestroythehouse!”Iwass31.Becky:Andwhathappenedafterthecyclone?Fiona:Therewereterriblefloods.Morethan360millimetresofrainfellinjusttwenty-fourhours.Thearmyhadtobringfoodandwatertothewholeareabyplaneandhelicopter.Thes32thingwasthatwavesfromthecoastandriversfloodedthelandandcarriedthreecrocodilestonearmyhouse!Oneofmyneighbourshitacrocodilewithhiscar—itwas1.6metreslong.Becky:Really?That’shardtobelieve!Soiseverythingb33tonormalagainnow?Fiona:Notreally.Thefloodshavegone,buttheydestroyedalotofhomesandfarms.It’sgoingtocostatleast110milliondollarstorepairthedamage.Becky:Isthew34usuallythisbad?Fiona:No,butthissummerwasveryhot.Ifitstayshot,therewillprobablybeanothercyclone.Alltheexpertssaythatthechancesoftheextremetemperaturesandheavyrainwilli35becauseofclimatechange.【答案】29.(i)ntroduces30.(s)afest31.(s)haking32.(s)trangest33.(b)ack34.(w)eather35.(i)ncrease【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇訪談,根據(jù)記者和幸存者的對(duì)話,展示了颶風(fēng)后的幸存者生活的地方以及當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)生災(zāi)難的場(chǎng)景。29.句意:本周,《新聞雜志》的編輯Becky介紹了一位災(zāi)難幸存者Fiona。根據(jù)“ThisweektheeditorBeckyinNewsMagazine…adisastersurvivorFiona.”及首字母提示可知,此處指介紹,introduce“介紹”符合;句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的“Becky”,所以此處應(yīng)用三單形式。故填(i)ntroduces。30.句意:我們都呆在里面,在地下室,因?yàn)槟鞘亲畎踩牡胤?。根?jù)空前的“Weallstayedinside,inthebasement”和下文“Wecouldhearthestormcomingcloserandcloser.”及首字母提示可知,此處指最安全的地方,safest“最安全的”符合。故填(s)afest。31.句意:我在發(fā)抖。根據(jù)上文“Wecouldhearthestormcomingcloserandcloser.Thenoisewasawful.Atonepointtherewasareallyloudnoise.Ithought:‘That’sit!It’sgoingtodestroythehouse!’”及首字母提示可知,此處指害怕得發(fā)抖,shake“顫抖”符合;根據(jù)空前的“was”可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式shaking。故填(s)haking。32.句意:最奇怪的是,來(lái)自海岸和河流的海浪淹沒(méi)了土地,把三條鱷魚(yú)帶到了我家附近!根據(jù)空后的“wavesfromthecoastandriversfloodedthelandandcarriedthreecrocodilestonearmyhouse”和下文“Really?That’shardtobelieve!”及首字母提示可知,此處指最奇怪的,strangest“最奇怪的”符合。故填(s)trangest。33.句意:現(xiàn)在一切都恢復(fù)正常了嗎?backtonormal“恢復(fù)正常”,固定詞組。故填(b)ack。34.句意:天氣通常這么糟糕嗎?根據(jù)下文“No,butthissummerwasveryhot.Ifitstayshot,therewillprobablybeanothercyclone.”及首字母提示可知,此處指天氣。故填(w)eather。35.句意:所有專家都表示,由于氣候變化,極端溫度和暴雨的可能性將增加。根據(jù)空后的“becauseofclimatechange”及首字母提示可知,此處指增加,increase“增加”符合;根據(jù)空前的“will”可知,此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。故填(i)ncrease。一、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,是其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一次,首字母已給)TheElephantandtheRopeAgentlemanwaswalkingthroughanelephantcamp.Hesuddenlystopped.Herealizedthattheelephantsweren’tbeingkeptincagesorheldbytheuseofchains(鏈條).Eachofthegiantanimalswasheldbyonlyasmallropetiedtoitsfrontleg.Themanfeltconfused.Itwasc36thattheelephantscould,atanytime,breakawayfromtheirbondsandrunaway.But,forsomereason,theydidnot.Infact,theydidn’ttrytoescapeatall.Hesawatrainernearby.Curiousandwantingtoknowtheanswer,hewentupandasked,“Excuseme,butIwanttoknowwhytheelephantsarejuststandingthere.Whydotheynevertrytorunaway?”Thetrainerreplied,“Whentheelephantsareveryyoungandmuchsmaller,weuseropesofthesamesizetotiethem.Atayounga37,theelephantsarenotstrongenoughtobreakfreefromtheropes.Theytryandtry,butfaileachtime.Astheygrowup,theyareconditionedto(習(xí)慣于)believetheycannotbreakaway.Theybelievetheropescanstillholdthem,sotheyn38trytobreakfreeeveragain.”L39theelephants,howmanyofusgothroughlifehangingontoabeliefthatwecannotdosomething,simplybecausewefailedatitoncebefore?Ithinkeveryoneofuscanrelatetothisstoryandthefeelingofhavingfailedatsomethingoranotherovertheyears.Overtime,wemightbegintothinkthatwearenotabletodoaparticular(特定的)thingandwea40thisasthetruthandnevertryagain.Wethinktoourselves,“Itriedthatbeforeanditdidn’tworkout.Whatisthepointintryingitagainandw41mytime?Idon’twanttolooklikeafool!”Andthisishowwestarttosettleforalifethatis“safe”and“l(fā)essexciting”.However,wecouldregardalltheso-called“failures”inourlivesasjuststeppingstonesalongourpath,anddecidetorespondinawaythatispositive.Saytoyourself,“Ah,well,atleastItied.NowIknowawrongwaytodoit,soitmakesmynextattempt(嘗試)clearer!”So,don’tlimityourselftoasmallworld.Stayf42onwhatyouwanttoachieveandkeeptryinguntilyousucceed.Youwillneverknowhowfaryoucangountilyouhavethecouragetodoit.Andifyoufall,justgetupandtryagain!【答案】36.(c)lear37.(a)ge38.(n)ever39.(L)ike40.(a)ccept41.(w)asting42.(f)ocused【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了作者通過(guò)自己所看到的一件關(guān)于大象的事情,告訴我們之前的失敗只是我們成長(zhǎng)路上的墊腳石,我們需要不斷地繼續(xù)嘗試。36.句意:很明顯,大象可以在任何時(shí)候掙脫束縛逃跑。was后接形容詞作表語(yǔ),根據(jù)“theelephantscould,atanytime,breakawayfromtheirbondsandrunaway”及首字母可知,大象可以逃跑是很明顯的,clear“明顯的”,故填(c)lear。37.句意:大象還很小,還不夠強(qiáng)壯,無(wú)法掙脫繩索。根據(jù)“Whentheelephantsareveryyoung”及“Atayoung”可知,大象小的時(shí)候不夠強(qiáng)壯,age“年齡”,根據(jù)a可知,此空應(yīng)填單數(shù)形式,故填(a)ge。38.句意:它們相信繩子還能拴住它們,所以它們?cè)僖膊粫?huì)試圖掙脫。根據(jù)“Theybelievetheropescanstillholdthem,sothey…trytobreakfreeeveragain”及首字母可知,相信繩子還能拴住它們,所以不再逃跑,never“從不”,故填(n)ever。39.句意:就像大象一樣,我們中有多少人一生都抱著一種信念,認(rèn)為我們不能做某事,僅僅是因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)?jīng)失敗過(guò)一次?根據(jù)“…theelephants,howmanyofusgothroughlifehangingontoabeliefthatwecannotdosomething”及首字母可知,我們中有多少人像大象一樣,like“像”,故填(L)ike。40.句意:隨著時(shí)間的推移,我們可能會(huì)開(kāi)始認(rèn)為我們不能做某件事,并接受這一事實(shí),不再嘗試。根據(jù)“we…thisasthetruthandnevertryagain”及首字母可知,接受這一事實(shí)了,accept“接受”,根據(jù)try可知,此空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形,故填(a)ccept。41.句意:再試一次又浪費(fèi)我的時(shí)間有什么意義?根據(jù)“Whatisthepointintryingitagainand…mytime”及首字母可知,再試一次是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,waste“浪費(fèi)”,根據(jù)trying可知,此空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞ing形式,故填(w)asting。42.句意:專注于你想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo),不斷嘗試,直到成功。根據(jù)“Stay…onwhatyouwanttoachieve”及首字母可知,專注于你想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo),stayfocusedon“專注于”,故填(f)ocused。二、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,是其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一次,首字母已給)Plasticisaconvenience,butbothregularandmicroplasticscanhurttheenvironment.Therefore,actionmustbetakentoreducetheiruse.Therearemanyd43waystoreduceyourplasticuseathome.Tobeginwith,besuretoproperlyrecycleeverythingyoucanandthrowawaywhatyoucan’t,suchasplasticcupsanddishes.Ifyou’dliketotakefurtherstepstomakeyourhomefreefromplastics,considerusingsimplealternatives(替代品)toeverydayproductslikepersonalcareitems.Forexample,am44ofbakingsodavinegar,hotwaterandlemoncaneffectivelyreplacetraditionalcleanersthatcomeinharmfulplasticbottles.Shoppingmaybeoneofthehardestthingstodowhentryingtoavoidplastic.Replacingplasticshoppingbagswithreusableonesisagoods45,andthereismuchmoreyoucando.Beforeyouwalkoutofthedoor,makesureyouhaveanaccurateshoppinglistwithe46whatyouwillneedoreat.Thiswillnotonlyreducefoodwastebutalsotheamountofplasticpackagingyouthrowawayeveryyear.Believeitornot,itispossibletoavoidplasticswhileonvacation.Youmaybookoneofthehotelsthathavel47theuseofplastics.Thesehotelshardlyprovideguestswiththeplasticsthatcanonlybeusedonce.Asfortake-homegifts,don’tbuyproductsmadefromplastics.Sticktobuyingthosemadefromnaturalmaterialslikemetalsorplants.Ori48,giveuptraditionalgiftscompletelyandgivesomeoneapictureyoutookyourself,whichcanbemorespecialforthepurposeofhelpingtheplanet.Itseemslikeadifficulttasktotakealltheactionsimmediately,sobeginsmallandtakelargerstepstowardsaplastic-freelife.Don’tbeafraidtoshareyourstorieswithothers.Whileas49person’seffortwouldn’tmakemuchdifference,onlymanypeople’sactionscanchangetheworldforthebetter.Ifwecanhelpotherpeoplemakethechangetoaplastic-freelife,we’llbedoingtheworldahugefavor.【答案】43.(d)ifferent44.(m)ixture45.(s)olution/(s)tart46.(e)verything47.(l)imited48.(i)nstead49.(s)ingle【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了減少塑料袋使用的方法。43.句意:有很多不同的方法可以減少你在家里使用塑料。根據(jù)首字母提示可知,此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)“有很多不同的方法可以減少你家里的塑料使用”這一含義,且后文都是圍繞這個(gè)展開(kāi)的,因此此處要填入的內(nèi)容是“不同的”,并且其在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞ways,要用其形容詞形式different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。44.句意:例如,小蘇打醋、熱水和檸檬的混合物可以有效地取代裝在有害塑料瓶中的傳統(tǒng)清潔劑。根據(jù)首字母提示和題干中的“replacetraditionalcleaners”可推斷出,要取代傳統(tǒng)清潔劑,只能是小蘇打、醋、熱水和檸檬的一種混合物,因此此處要填入的內(nèi)容是mixture“混合物”,并且在冠詞“a”的后面要用其單數(shù)形式。故填(m)ixture。45.句意:用可重復(fù)使用的塑料購(gòu)物袋代替塑料購(gòu)物袋是一個(gè)很好的解決方案/開(kāi)始,而且你可以做更多的事情。根據(jù)首字母提示和題干前面一句“Shoppingmaybeoneofthehardestthingstodowhentryingtoavoidplastic.”可知,此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)“用可重復(fù)使用的袋子代替塑料購(gòu)物袋是一種很好的解決辦法”這一含義,因此此處要填入的內(nèi)容是solution“解決辦法”/start“開(kāi)始”,是可數(shù)名詞,并且在冠詞“a”的后面要用其單數(shù)形式。故填(s)olution/(s)tart。46.句意:在你出門(mén)之前,確保你有一份準(zhǔn)確的購(gòu)物清單,上面有你需要或吃的所有東西。根據(jù)首字母提示和題干后面一句“Thiswillnotonlyreducefoodwastebutalsotheamountofplasticpackagingyouthrowawayeveryyear.”可知,在你出門(mén)前,有一份準(zhǔn)確的購(gòu)物清單,上面寫(xiě)滿了你需要的或吃的一切東西不僅會(huì)減少食物浪費(fèi),而且還會(huì)減少你每年扔掉的塑料包裝的數(shù)量,因此此處要填入的內(nèi)容是everything“一切東西”,在句中做介詞“with”的賓語(yǔ)。故填(e)verything。47.句意:你可以預(yù)訂一家限制使用塑料的酒店。根據(jù)“Thesehotelshardlyprovideguestswiththeplasticsthatcanonlybeusedonce.”可知這些酒店幾乎不向客人提供只能使用一次的塑料,結(jié)合首字母提示可知,所以酒店是限制使用塑料的酒店,動(dòng)詞limit意為“限制”,空前有“have”,空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞limited。故填(l)imited。48.句意:或者,完全放棄傳統(tǒng)的禮物,給別人一張你自己拍的照片,這對(duì)幫助地球來(lái)說(shuō)可能更特別。根據(jù)前文的“Asfortake-homegifts,don’tbuyproductsmadefromplastics.Sticktobuyingthosemadefromnaturalmaterialslikemetalsorplants.”與后文“giveuptraditionalgiftscompletely”可知是完全相反的情況,結(jié)合首字母提示可填instead“反而”。故填(i)nstead。49.句意:雖然一個(gè)人的努力不會(huì)有多大區(qū)別,但只有許多人的行動(dòng)才能讓世界變得更好。根據(jù)“onlymanypeople’sactionscanchangetheworldforthebetter”可知只有許多人的行動(dòng)才能讓世界變得更好,所以前文指的是一個(gè)人的努力,結(jié)合首字母提示可填形容詞single“單一的”,作定語(yǔ)。故填(s)ingle。三、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,是其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一次,首字母已給)Fewthingsareaswonderfulasvisitingabeautifulnaturalplace,breathingthefreshairandmarvelingatthelandscape.Butenjoyingnaturecomesataprice,Peoplemaymakenaturemessyiftheyaren’tc50.Thereshouldberulestokeeppeoplefromaccidentallyharmingnature.In1990,theLeaveNoTracemovementattemptedtohelp.Theyintroducedthefollowingsevenprinciplestoencouragepeopletobothenjoyandprotectthegreatoutdoors.Plana51.Thismeansmorethanjustdecidingwhichdaytogo.Checktheweatherforecast,planwhatclothingtowear,andthinkaboutawatersupply.Checkthearea’srulesforuse.Hikeandcamponsurfacesthatdon’tdamageeasily.Grassiseasilydamaged.Alreadyusedareasorareaswithnograssarebetterchoicesforcamping.Dealwithwastep52.Neverleavegarbagebehind.Don’tabandonyourfoodwrappers,cansorleftovers.Takeoutwhatyoutakein.Leavewhatyoufind.Takehomeanycampingorbikinggear,butleavebehindthatcoolrockorflower.Reducecampfired53.Buildyourfireonlyinanappropriatelocation.Checkontheconditionsoftheareabeforegoingthere.Sometimesbuildingcampfiresisn’tallowed.Neverbuildafirewhenweatherconditionsaretoodryorwindy,Respectwildlife.Youshouldstayatleast100metersawayfromwildlife,soyoudon’td54anyanimals.Gettingtooclosecouldbefatal.Protectyourfoodsoanimalscan’tgetintoit,anddon’tfeedtheanimalsanything.Bekindtoothervisitors.Don’tmakeloudnoisesorplayloudmusicwhenyou’reoutinnaturalenvironments.Itannoysboththeanimalsandhumans.Don’ttravelinlargeg55asitmakesittroublesomefortoomanypeopletomovearoundonthetrail.Thesesevenprinciplescanhelpe56sharetheoutdoorscomfortably.Weallneedtotakecareoftheearthweknowandlove.【答案】50.(c)areful51.(a)head52.(p)roperly53.(d)anger54.(d)isturb55.(g)roups56.(e)veryone/(e)verybody【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了享受大自然是有代價(jià)的,不留痕跡運(yùn)動(dòng)試圖有所幫助,它講述了七種規(guī)則在享受大自然的同時(shí),也能保護(hù)它們。50.句意:如果他們不小心,會(huì)使得自然亂七八糟。根據(jù)“Peoplemaymakenaturemessy”可知,人們可能會(huì)使得自然亂七八糟,后文是個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,在他們不小心情況下,根據(jù)首字母c,橫線上應(yīng)是形容詞careful,故填(c)areful。51.句意:提前計(jì)劃。后文都在講述提前計(jì)劃的事,根據(jù)首字母a,故填(a)head。52.句意:正確地處理垃圾。橫線上詞修飾“Dealwithwaste”,所以應(yīng)是副詞,后文的內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于如何正確處理廢物的,根據(jù)首字母p,故填(p)roperly。53.句意:減少篝火危險(xiǎn)。后文都是陳述如何做才能避免篝火帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn),根據(jù)首字母d,所以橫線上應(yīng)是danger,故填(d)anger。54.句意:因此你不能打擾動(dòng)物。根據(jù)“Youshouldstayatleast100metersawayfromwildlife,”可知,要遠(yuǎn)離野生動(dòng)物,不要打擾他們,首字母是d,故填(d)isturb。55.句意:不要大規(guī)模的旅行。根據(jù)“itmakesittroublesomefortoomanypeopletomovearoundonthetrail.”可知,不能人太多,首字母是g,考查短語(yǔ)ingroups成群結(jié)隊(duì)地,故填(g)roups。56.句意:這七個(gè)原則能幫助每一個(gè)人舒服地共享戶外活動(dòng)。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)helpsb.do可知橫線上應(yīng)是人,由于首字母是e,及后文的“we”,可推應(yīng)是everyone/everybody,故填(e)veryone/(e)verybody。四、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,是其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一次,首字母已給)InJapan,travellingbytrainisverypopular.Whenrailwaysfirstspread,manyrailwaystationsweremanagedbystationmasters(火車站站長(zhǎng)).Thesestationmastersneededtomakesurethateverythingwentwellattheirownstations.Manystationsstoppedemploying(雇用)stationmastersalongtimeago.However,inrecentyears,anewtypeofstationmasterhasa57inJapan:theanimalstationmaster.Thisallstartedwhena

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