ThisinternationalstandardwasdevelopedinaccordancewithinternationallyrDevelopmentofInternationalStandards,GuidesandRecommendationissuedbytheWorldTradeOrganizationTechnicalBarriThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1148;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationoriginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearsuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethela1.1Thisconsumersafetyquirementsforvarioustypesofhomeplaygroundintendedforusebychiintendedspecificallyfortoddlers.Differentagelimitsreflectthenatureoftheorphysicalability,orboth,ofthechildtoinwhichthesupportstructureremainsstationanyofthefollowingactivities:climbing,swinging,sliding,rocking,spinning,crawling,orcreeping,orcombinationthereof.Fitnessequipmentisspecificallyexcludedunleattachedtotheplayequipment.Thisspecificatintendedtoapplytojuvenilecareproductssuchas,butnotlimitedto,infantswings,playpens/enclosures,beds,orfurni-ture(includingoutdoorfurniture,suchaspicnictables,cradlerockers,activitycentersbeingusedaswalkersubstitutes,bouncers,jumpers,infantcarriers,andproductsspecificallytoapplytoequipmenttobeusedinsuchasschools,nurseries,day-carecentenotexemptfromtherequirementsofthisspecification.Suchproviderdoesnotcareformorethansixchioftenthatarenotresidinginthehouseholdofthecaregiver,andthetotalnumberofchildrenundertheageoftenexceedten,includingthecaregiver'srequirementsofthisspecification.Freestandingplayhousesisstandingorseatedwithth'ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF15ConsumerProductsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubCurrenteditionapprovedMarch1,2020.Publiapprovedin1988.Lastpreviouseditionapprov1.3Methodsofidentfetyspecificationaregiven.Theillfendorsecertaintypesofplaygorvariouscombinationsofequipmenttlikelihoodoflife-threateningor1.5Iftoyaccessoriesortoychplaygroundequipment,theyareapplicablesafetyspecificatioNoTE1—SeeAnnexAlforfiguresrefsumersafetyperform1.6.1ThegeneraltolerThesetolerancesapplytoalldimensionsunlminimum,ormaximumareused.mathematicalconversionstoSIunitstScopeCopyrightASTMInternationalCopyrightASTMInternaional1.8Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafety,health,andenvironmentalpracticesanddeter-minetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.1.9Thisinternationalstandardwasdevelopdancewithinternationallyrecognizedprinciplesonstandard-izationestablishedintheDecisiononPrinciplesfortheDevelopmentofInternationalStandards,GuidesandRecom-2.1ASTMStandards:2MaterialsWithintheUseZoneofPlaygroundEquipment2.2FederalStandards:ConsumerProductsBearingLead-ContainingPaint31500.48TechnicalRequPointinToysandOtherArticles1500.49TechnicalRequforUsebyChildrenUnde1500.52and.53TestMethodsfticlesIntendedforUsebWhichPresentChoking,Aspiration,orIngestionHazards3.1DefinitionsofTermsSpecifictoThis3.1.1accessible,adj-relatingtoapartorportionoplaygroundequipmentt3.1.2anchors,n—accessoriesusedtominimizepossibletippingoftheequipment,orliftingofthes2ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@.ForAnStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard'sDocutheASTMwebsite.3AvailablefromConsumerProductSafetyCommission,Washingtopieceofplayequipmentthatistotallyenclose3.1.4completelyboundednon-rigiinginapieceofplayequipmentthatiscompletelyelatticeofwebbing).whentheunitisinthemanufaroundtheunitbutnotneces3.1.6continuoussurface,n—a3.1.7crushandshearpoint,n—junctureatwhichtheusercouldsuffercontusion,laceration,abrasionfractureduringuseoftheplaygro3.1.8designatedplayingsurface,n—anyelevatedsurfaceintendedforstanding,walking3.1.9edge,sharp?,n—anedDiscussion—Anedgeisjud3.1.10entanglementn—conditioninwhichtheuentwinedonacomponen3.1.11entrapment,n—anyconditionwhichidrawalofabodyorbodypartthathaspenetralevel,havingastandardvalueof386.088in./s2(9807mm/s2)(9.807m/s2).Accelerationsmaybeexpressedinunitsofg,3.1.14g-max—themaxi3.1.15guardrail,nelevatedsurfacethatisintendedtoprevent3.1.16handgraspingcomponent,n—acomponentintended3.1.17handgrippingcomponent,n—acomponentintendedasarungofahorizontalladderorsteadyhimself.Asusedinthisconsumersafetyperformance?Asharpedgetestersuitableforcondregulationat16CFRSection1ParkAvenue,Hoboken,NJ07030.EngineeringdrawingsfromwhichatestermaybefabricatedareavailablefromtheOfficeoftheSeProductSafetyCommissiCopyrightASTMInternaionalspecification,ahandrailFig.A1.1).3.1.19headinjurycriteria(HIC),n—ameasureofimpactseveritythatconsidersthedurationoverwhisectionofthedecelerationpullevelofdeceleratio3.1.21platform,n—anyelevatedhorizontalsurfacetendedtobeusedbychildrtransitionbetweencomponents.S(1290cm2)arenotconsideredplatforms.3.1.22point,sharp?,nDiscussion—Apointisjudgedassharppursuanttonaturemustbetestedtotherequirementsofboth.3.1.24protectivebarrier;n—enclosingdevicearoundan3.1.25protrusion,n—aprojectionwhich,whenaccordancewithrequirementsoftheuser'shands,orboth.Arungmustcomplywtachedduringuseoftheplaygroundequchoking,aspiration,or24in.(610mm)whenmeasuredverticDiscussion—Swingsincludethefolmultiplemotionsconsistingofacommultipleaxis(combinationswings).swingintendedforyoungchildrenwhocansi?AsharppointtesterforconductingtestsinaccordanceParkAvenue,Hoboken,NpointtestermaybefabricatedisavailablefromtheOffiConsumerProductsSafetyCSucharticlesincludemini3.1.31turnbar;n—thehorizontalbarbetweenthesupport-centtoaplaystructureorunrestrictedcirculationaroundtheequipment,andonwhose4.MaterialsandManuf4.1General—Homeplaygroundequipmentshallbemanu-facturedandconstructedbedocumentedortestedaccordinglyplaygroundequipmentmaorcorrosionshallbepainted,galvanized,orWoodsshallbenaturallyravoidsuchdeterioration.Creosote,pentacbeusedforplaygroundequipment.Woodtreatersandplay-groundequipmentmanufacturersshallpracticetechnologiesandproceduresthatminimizethelevelofPlasticsandothermaterialsthatexperienceultrav4.1.2Regardlessofthematerialorthetreatmentprocess,themanufacturershallensurethattheusersoftheequipmentcannotingest,inhale,orresultofcontactwiththeeq5.1ApplicabletoAllHomePlaygroundEquipment—voluntaryconsumersafetyperfomeetallapplicablerequirementsspecifirepresentingcompliancmancespecificationshallkeepsunecessarytodocumenthisc5.1.1Noitemofplaygroundequipmentshallindicalabelorothermeans,conformancewiththisspecificaunlessitconformstoallrequirementscontainedherein.The5.1.2“ThisconformstoASTMF1148,CoCopyrightASTMInternational5.2SmallParts—Wheninstalledmanufacturer'sinstructions,equi6.1HeadandNeckEntrapment—Homeplaygroundequip-mentshallbedesignedandconsrequirementstoreducetheriskofaccidentalheadorneckentrapmentbyeitheraheadopening.Openingsbetweenthegrou4in.(100mm)usingthefollowingtes(1)TestProcedureandPerformanceCriteriaforCom-pletelyBoundedOpenings—Placethetorsoprobeintheopening,taperedendfirst,withthepltheplaneoftheopening;rotatetheprobewhilekeepingitsbaseparalleltotheplaneoftheopening.Ifthebaseoftheownaxisinanyorientation,placethA1.8)intheopening,tapparalleltotheplaneoftheopening.with6.1.1(1)inoneoftwoways:(1)theopeniadmitthetorsoprobewhenitisrotatedtoanyorie(3)Anopeningfailsthetestunderthefo6.1.2Completelybounded6.1.3NonrigidCompletelyBoundedOpeningopeningsuchas,butnotlimitedto,flexiblenets,tarps,aplasticenclosuresisconsideredacces(100mm)whentestedinaccordancewith6.1.1(1)(seeFig.A1.7).Flexiblerestrainingsystemsontoddlerswin(1)TestProcedureforEntrapmentinNonrigidOpenplaneofitsbaseparalleltotheplaneoftheopening;rotatetheprobewhilekeepingitsbaseparalleltotheplaneoftheopening;apply501bf(222N)±1.125lbf(5N)whileattempt-ingtopushtheprobethroughtheopening.Ifthebaseoftheisparalleltotheplaneoftheopeningand(2)Anonrigidopeningcanpassthetestwhentesaccordancewith6.1.3(1)inoneoftwoways:(1)theopeningadmitsthebaseofpassageofthetorsoprobeandalsoapasscompletelythrough.(3)Anonrigidopeningfailsthetestundertheconditions:theopeningallowsfull6.2AcuteAngles-Thereofacuteangles,formedbytwoormorememlegspointupwardfromtheapexsapproximatesa“V”witha(0.96rad).(1)InvertedAngleor"V"Conditioinverted.A"V"isconsideredinapex(seeFig.A1.9).(2)FilledApexCondition—“V”angleslesstwillnotallowtheheadprobetocanglesimultaneously(scoveredwithashieldthatismadeofarigidmaterial.Tshieldshallbecapableofwithstanding20ft-Ibf(27J)impartedtoaspotwithin1in.(25mm)geometriccenteroftheshieldbya5in.(127mm)diametermembersoftheplaygroundequipmentbythehardwareptheequipmentorportionsthereoffrequired,shallbeorie3)Rope,Chain,and°orverticalclimbingsurfaceandarope,chaiexempt,thepointoftheformedthan1.5in.(38mm)abA1.10.(4)InaccessibleAcuteAngles—Completelyboundopen-openingtoadepthgreat,noprotrusionshallextendbeytestgaugeshowninFig.A1.11extendsbeyondthefaceofthesmallestgaugethatcanbesuccessfullyplacedovertheprotrusion(forexampleoftestgaugeuse,seeFig.A1.13).6.3.2UprightProtrusions—Protrusionsthatfitwithinanyofthegaugesandthatprojectup(3mm)perpendiculartotheplaneoftheinitialsurface(seeFig.A1.14).facesofsuspendedmembersofswiCopyrightASTMInternationalontheinteriorsurfacshowninFig.A1.12overanyprotrussurfacesofthesuspendedmembersuchthattheaxisoftheholeisparalleltoboththeintendedpathofthesus6.3.4Slides—Slides,includingprotectivebarriersandtheirmethodofattachmentandtransofentanglementthanotherareasofplayequipment.Therefore,Anyaccessibleprotrusionthatallhavenoprojectionextendingperpendicularfromtheinitialsurfacegreaterthan0.125in.(3mm).Thetothisrequirementisurfaceoftunnelsubjecttotherequireme6.3.5Noprotrusionmayterminateinthanthatofthebasedimension(seeFig.A1.17).hardwareasdefinedin6.8,thasthemajordimensionoftheattachmentnumentsof6.3.2andmaybeconsideredinaccessibleiftheprotrusioncannotbeplacedwithinthe3.0in.diametertestgauge(seeFig.A1.18).requirementsofEdges,Points,andSurfaces-Followingassemblyoftheunitinaccordancewionanyportionofthehomeplaygroundequipmentcapableofontheground,orotherwisecovered,shallbeprTheyshallbesubjectedtoatorqueof4lbf-in.(0.45N-m)±5lbf-in.(0.056N-m)andaforceof15lbf(67N)6.6CrushandShearPoints—Thereshallbenocrushorshearpointscausedbyjuncturesoftwocomponentsmovingenteratoneormorpositionsa0.50in.(13mm)dtopullouttherod.Theneomaterialwithathicknesslessthan0.375inaccessibleandcan(+0/-0.127mm)diametorgreater,itshallals(+0/-0.127mm)diameterrod.Chainsandtheirmethodofbeyondthenutsgreaterthanthediameterofthoftheboltliesatorbelowasurroundingsur1.0in.(25mm)+0/-0.05in.(+0/-1.3mm)ofthecenterlineoftheboltareexemptfromthef6.8.3Ifthethreadedendsofexposedboltsorrodsprotrudesinareasofnorfthethreadisnotfreeofexposedhazardoussharpedburrs,orboth,thenthe6.8.4Anycapsthatareusedsinstalledinaccordancewiththemanufacturer'sinstructions.Theyshallbesubjectedtoatorqueof4lbf-in.(0.45N0.5lbf-in.(0.056N-m)andatensileforceof15lb±1.1251bf(5N).Thesecomponentsshallco6.8.5Lockwashers,self6.9Hooks—Open-endedhmostsuspensionpointofsuspendedelementsprovidedthattheboundariesrepresentedbyalinethatisadjacenttextremityoftheuppermostportionofthehook,andparalleltothenormalplaneofsuspension.Someexamplesofhooksthat6.9.1Hooksusedforattachment+0/-0.005in.(+0/-0.125mm)feelergauge.6.10HandSupport:HandGripping/GraspingComponents:6.10.1HandGrippingCombythehandstosupportbodyweight,suchasrungsofhorizontalladders,climbingbars,handles,andthelike,shallCopyrightASTMInternationalcross-sectionaldimension.Whenstructuralrequirementscan-notreasonablybemetbythedesigns,orboth,toensurethathand-grippingpotentialisnot6.10.2Handgraspingcomponentsintendedtobegr7.1RungLadders,Stepladders,andStairways:7.1.1Rungs,steps,andstairsshallbeeveatoleranceof±0.25in.(±toleranceof±2°.Theevenspacingwillincludethedistancebetweenthetoprung,step,orsta7.1.2Rungladders,stepladders,andstairwaysshal7.1.3Treaddepth,width,andriseofstairwaysandstepladdersthathavemoreHandrailsorothermeanuseatthebeginningofthefirststep.ThehandrailshallbeThehandrailheight(thevStairwayswithClimbersandrungladdersmustprovideameansofhandsupportatthetransitionfromclimbertotheplatftherequirementsof7.2.3.providehandgrippingcomponentsorothfirstrungofarungladderthatconformtotherequi6.10handgripping/graspingcomponents.Rungladdersshallhavehand-gabovetheplatformtofacilitatethetrantheplatform.7.3GuardrailsandProtectiveBarriers-Guardrailsorpplatforms,landings,walkways,rampsandsimilartransiti(76mm)wideorhavinggreaterbeprovidedonelevatedgreaterthan48in.(122cm)abovethesusurfaceexceptforentranceanthan25in.(635mm).Themthelowermostmemberofaguitsurroundsshallbe24in.(610mm).Openingsbeguardrailmembersorbetweenaguardingheadandneckentrapment.Ifthetopsurfaceguardrailcreatesacompletelyboundedopenitheguardrailtobelowthe2(1829mm)abovethesurfacingshallhaveequaltoorgreaterthan27in.(686mm)CopyrightASTMInternational1.TREADDEPTHSTAIRWAProtectivebarrierssaryforeachevent.Protectivebarriersminimizethelikelihoodofclimbing.Openingswithinbarriersorbetweentheplatformsurfaceandloweredgeofprotectivebarriersshallprecludepassageofthetorsoprobe(seeFto,swings,trapezebars,trapezerings,andglidersshallnotbeattachedtoupperbodycomponentssuchashorizontal8.1.2Hangers—Allswingelementsshallhaveharangementswhosedurabilityshallbedeterminedbyeitherofthefollowingdynamiccyclingtests.AtthetestthereshallbenolooseningorstructuEachtypeofswingelementshsupportmemberinaccordancewiththeinstallationinstructioandmountedinasuitabletestfixture.FtheswingelementmaybereplacedbyrigidcomponentsofatleastthesamesiTheappropriatetestweightshallbesepositiontobetested.ThissuTable2foratotalof180000cyclMultiple-occupancyenclosedswing(fmaybetestedindividuallyinfollows:SecurethehangertoaportionofitssupportmembinaccordancewiththemanufainFig.A1.23,ensuringthathepivotpointofthehangerarealigned.InaccordanceTable2,attachtheappropriatandbackward)throughtheappropriate8.1.3MinimumGroundClearance—Whentheassembledinstructions,theminimumclearanc(200mm).8.1.4SuspendedSwingingElements:SuspendedelementssbluntorroundededgesanCopyrightASTMInternationalerationinexcessof100g(980mattenuationrequiremAnypartofaswingthatisaminim8.1.5LawnSwings-Theseswingbetweentheseatandthebackrestshallprevententryofthetestpointintheopeningandaforceof451bf(200N)±1.1251bfentranceplaneoftheoTheplatformorfootDimensionA,Fig.A1.24).Thisdimensionshallbemeasuredhorizontallywiththeswinginitsat-restpositiobetweenanyslatsintheplatformshallbeTheareaoftheplatformthatextendsbeyondthethan30°fromthehorizontal(seeAngleC,Fig.B,Fig.A1.24).8.1.6PendulumSee-Saws-dimensionsofwhichboththelengthandwidtharegreaterthansupports.Inthecaseofapendulumseesawdes(229mm).RestrainingSystem—Toddlerswingsshallhaveachildrestrainingsystem.Fullyenclosedflexible(1)ToddlerswingsshallbeeChains-Chainsonswiage,shallbeshieldedi(4.8mm)+0/-0.005in.(+ToddlerSwingStability-Toddlerswrequirementif,duringanyofthe6swingattempts,thependulumtestapparatus(seeFig.A1.27)tiorbackwardandcausesthehorizontalreferencelifromitsoriginalposition(se(1)Toddlerswingsshpendulumtestapparatusconstructedinaccordancewiththethetopofafreelypivotingbaranda10weightaffixedtothebottomofthetestapparatus.ThebarThetotalweightofthependulumtestapparatusshallnotexceed24.01b(10.9kg).manufacturer'sinstructions.Iftheswingheightisadjustable,theswingatrest,establish(3)Securethecomplete0.5in.(13mm)ofthegeometriccenteroftheswingseatingsurfacewiththedirectionoftravelofthepen(4)Iftheseatingareaofthetoddlerswingismadeofaflexiblematerial,additionaltheexteriorbottomoftheswingseatpendulumtestapparatus.Careshouldbetakentoassuretheadditionalbracingmateria(5)Thecenterofgravity(cg)ofthetopweightofthependulumtestappara(406.4mm)-0.5in./+0(-13mm/+0)fromthetopoftheToddlerSwing(1)Whileholdingthepeof60°(1.05rad)+5/-0(+0.087/-0)asmeasuredf(2)Simultaneouslyreleasetheswingandpendwithin15°(0.26rad)fromverticalineithpositionofthependulumtestapparatus.MeasuretheangleofCopyrightASTMInternational(5)Ifafteranyofthe6swingattemptstheangleoftheaccordancewiththemanufacturersinstructions,andinstalledplacedinallremainingpochild,andtheswingingelemen8.1.9SpacingBetweenAdjacentSwingElements:bedesignedsothatthereisaminimumof(wheretwoormorechains,ropes,orpolesasuspension).Theoutermoselementsshallgovernthemeasurementlateralmotionsuchas,butn15in.(381mm)betweentheoutermtheprotectivesurfacLateralStabilityofSwingElements—Allto-froswings,belttypeorrigid,shallhaveabetweensuspensionpointsascalculatedfromthefA=thecentertocenterdistancebetweenuppermostsuspen-B=thecentertocenterdistancebetweattachmentpoints(intseatbeforemeasuringdimensionB),andH=thedistancebetweentheuppermostsuspe8.1.10SpacingBetweenSwingElementsandStationaryFrameMembers:ftubularlysuspendedtheouterextremityoftheswingelemefFig.A1.29).NoTE6—Twenty-eightinches(710mm)istheapproximatesittingOccupant-ExposedRides—Examplesare:thepen-systemisinlinewiththeocthecenteroftheseatingsNoTE7—Sixteeninches(405mm)and22in.(56of30°(0.52rad).Occupant-ExposedSingleSuspeare:suspendedropesorpolarymembersshallbe15in(1350mm)abovegroundlevel(seeDimensA1