手把手式教你英語寫作之“三段式”高考英語應用文寫作技巧“三段式”寫作技巧所謂三段式，“一段”即將主要信息作為句子的主干結構，“二段”即巧用狀語及從句，以修飾語的形式分別置于主干結構的前后，使句子內容更加豐富，也能增強改卷教師對考生的好感，讓作文分數更上一個檔次。首先，定主干結構。審題，對寫作目的、寫作要點認真研讀，然后根據題干信息及具體要點要求，以簡單句撰寫要點信息，每個要點可撰寫一個或者多個簡單句。同時注意時態、語態等信息。然后，補充“三段式”。在完成基本要點的寫作后，巧用非謂語表示時間、原因、結果、伴隨、目的等屬性，將句子內容細化，也可以使用with的復合結構表示伴隨，更可以用非限制性定語從句表補充說明。該結構可表示為：修飾語,句子主干(mainidea),修飾語其中修飾語可以是：1.介詞短語；2.使用with短語；3.使用V-ing/V-ed類結構作狀語；4.使用which類的非限制性定語從句(置于句子主干后)。例如，我們要對這個句子進行擴展：Iusuallyrushtothecanteen,增加適當的修飾語后，可以成為多個“三段式”結構。(1)Feelinghungryatthelastperiod,Iusuallyrushtothecanteen,whichalsogivesmemorefoodchoices.(2)Toavoidthecrowdswaitinginline,Iusuallyrushtothecanteenafterclass,whichisalsoagoodwaytosavetime.(3)Withhungerrulingme,Iusuallyrushtothecanteen,pavingawayanyobstaclesonmyway.“三段式”的句子結構需要依托豐富的內容。若寫作時出現思維瓶頸，可將該結變換成“兩段式”,即只撰寫其中一個修飾語。最后，檢查語義邏輯性。需要對撰寫的句子進行語義檢查，細致研讀，以排除語義邏輯的問題。例如，在句子KnowingthatyouareeagertoexpandyourknowledgeofChina,thisbookisidealforyou中，know的邏輯主語并不是thisbook,造成語義錯誤。這種現象應在檢查完畢后杜絕，也要求在日常練習中逐一克服。“三段式”在真題中的應用下面我們以2022年全國新高考Ⅰ卷應用文為例，具體談談如何應用“三段式”句式。2022年全國新高考Ⅰ卷應用文寫作題目如下：假定你是校廣播英語節目“TalkandTalk”的負責人李華，請給外教Caroline寫郵件邀請她做一次訪談。內容包括：1.節目介紹；2.訪談的時間和話題。本文可以按照“三段式”結構進行寫作。首先，定主干結構。經過審題后可知本題要求學生寫一封邀請信，寫信目的是邀請外教來做一次訪談。寫作的主要內容是向外教介紹TalkandTalk的節目內容，確定好訪談的時間和話題。時態應以一般現在時為主。基于Caroline的外教身份，我們合理推斷出邀請她來做訪談嘉賓一種可能性是因為本檔節目以介紹外國人在中國的生活為主。因此，我們可以撰寫出以下要點主干信息：寫信目的：IamwritingtoinviteyoutohaveaninterviewforourprogramTalkandTalk.節目介紹：OurprogramismainlyabouthowforeignersspendtheirtimehereinChina.Ourprogramalsogivesavividdescriptiononthedifferencebetweendifferentcultures.訪談話題：ThetopicisaboutyourteachinghereinChinaandyourfeelingsforChina.訪談時間：Wecansettheinterviewat5pmonFridayafternoon.在完成以上內容的寫作之后，文章的基本架構已經成型，內容脈絡也很清晰。其次，補充“三段式”。如上文所述，學生可以用介詞短語、with短語、V-ing/V-ed類結構、使用which類的非限制性定語從句等擴展主干信息，可以從細化時間、原因、結果、伴隨、目的等屬性入手。寫信目的：Excitedtoknowthatyouareoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool,IamwritingtoinviteyoutohaveaninterviewforourprogramTalkandTalk.(非謂語表示原因)節目介紹：Withtheaimtospreadmoreforeignculture,ourprogramismainlyabouthowforeignersspendtheirtimehereinChina,openingawindowintoauthenticexoticlifestyles.(With結構表示目的，V-ing結構表示結果)Tobroadenstudents'horizons,ourprogramalsogivesavividdescriptiononthedifferencebetweendifferentcultures,whichisgoodforstudents'deeperunderstandingofcross-culturecommunication.(Todo結構表示目的，which引導非限制性定語從句表示補充說明)訪談時間：ThetopicisaboutyourteachinghereinChinaandyourfeelingsforChina,preferablygivingyouachancetoreflectonthebeautifulmemorywiththestudents.(V-ing表示結果)訪談時間：Concernedthatourtalkmightlastlong,wecansettheinterviewat5pmonFridayafternoon,whichofcoursecanbeflexibletosuityourdailyschedule.(V-ed結構表示原因，which引導非限制性定語從句表示補充說明)最后，檢查語義邏輯性。語義、語法等無誤后可增加細節，眷寫至答卷上。基于“三段式”句式，2022年全國新高考Ⅰ卷應用文寫作范文如下，僅供參考。DearCaroline,IamLiHua,inchargeofthecampusradiostation'sEnglishprogram“TalkandTalk”.Excitedtoknowthatyouareoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool,IamwritingtoinviteyoutohaveaninterviewforourprogramTalkandTalk.Withtheaimtospreadmoreforeignculture,ourprogramismainlyabouthowforeignersspendtheirtimehereinChina.Therefore,thetopicisaboutyourteachinghereinChinaandyourfeelingsforChina,preferablygivingyouachancetoreflectonthebeautifulmemorywiththestudents.Concernedthatourtalkmightlastlong,wecansettheinterviewat5pmonFridayafternoon,whichofcoursecanbeflexibletosuityourdailyschedule.Wewouldappreciateitifyoucouldacceptourinvitation.Weareexpectingyourfavorablereply.在實際寫作中，學生不必每個句子都寫成三段式，可根據實際情況有所增減，而無需拘泥于形式造成冗長的問題。自我練習1．你校近期對學生參加家務勞動的情況做了一份調查，請根據下表中調查結果給學校英文報社寫一篇短文投稿，內容包括：1.

勞動狀況描述;2.

原因分析；3.

你的建議。注意：1.

寫作詞數應為80左右；2.

按如下格式作答，題目已為你寫好。Housework,OurResponsibility____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文Housework,OurResponsibilityRecently,asurveyonstudents'participationinhouseworkhasbeenconductedinourschool,revealingthatonly18%ofstudentsregularlyengageinhousework,with17%doingsooccasionally,and65%notparticipatingatall.Somereasonsarelikelytotakeresponsibilityforthissituation.Firstly,thebusyschedulesoftenleavestudentswithlittlefreetime.Besides,parentsmaynotexpecttheirchildrentoassistwithhousework,furtherreducingthechancesofstudentparticipation.Personally,forstudents,it’simportanttodoregularhousework,whichcannotonlyhelpthemlearnlifeskillsandappreciateparents'effortsbutalsodevelopasenseofresponsibilityandindependence.AndSchoolsandparentsshouldencourageregularparticipationinhouseworktohelpstudentsgrowintoresponsibleindividuals.【導語】本篇書面表達屬于圖表作文。要求考生根據下表中調查結果給學校英文報社寫一篇短文投稿。【詳解】1.詞匯積累實施：conduct→carryout定期：regularly→onaregularbasis重要的：important→vital此外：besides→inaddition2.句式拓展簡單句變復合句原句：Besides,parentsmaynotexpecttheirchildrentoassistwithhousework,furtherreducingthechancesofstudentparticipation.拓展句：Besides,parentsmaynotexpecttheirchildrentoassistwithhousework,whichfurtherreducesthechancesofstudentparticipation.【點睛】[高分句型1]Besides,parentsmaynotexpecttheirchildrentoassistwithhousework,furtherreducingthechancesofstudentparticipation.(運用了現在分詞作狀語)[高分句型2]Personally,forstudents,it’simportanttodoregularhousework,whichcannotonlyhelpthemlearnlifeskillsandappreciateparents'effortsbutalsodevelopasenseofresponsibilityandindependence.(運用了which引導非限制性定語從句)2．你班“英語角”準備出一期有關“中小學生周末做家務勞動情況”調查的板報，請根據以下表格調查結果為板報寫一篇稿件。內容包括：1.

情況介紹；2.

你的評論；3.

你的建議。總體情況利用周末做家務的中小學生占91.50%技能比例打掃衛生洗碗烹調做農活85.50%81.60%36.80%22.2%注意：1.

寫作詞數應為80左右；2.

請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Nowadays,moreandmorestudentsspendtheirweekendsdoinghousework.Ingeneral,91.50%ofstudentshelptheirparentswithhouseworkatweekends.Intermsofhouseworkskills,85.50%and81.60%helptheirparentsdocleaningandthedishesrespectively.However,only36.80%canhelpcookandonly22.2%candofarmwork.Studentsdoingsimplehouseworkaccountforahighproportion,butrelativelyfewerstudentsdosomemorecomplexhouseworksuchascookinganddoingfarmwork.Asstudents,weshoulddevelopthegoodhabitoflaboringandreallyhelpourparentsreducetheirburdenofwork.【導語】本篇書面表達屬于圖表作文。要求考生根據表格調查結果為板報寫一篇稿件，介紹中小學生周末做家務的勞動情況。【詳解】1.詞匯積累一般來說：ingeneral→generallyspeaking然而：however→nevertheless復雜的：complex→complicated幫助：help→aid2.句式拓展同義句轉換原句：Asstudents,weshoulddevelopthegoodhabitoflaboringandreallyhelpourparentsreducetheirburdenofwork.拓展句：Asstudents,weshoulddevelopthegoodhabitoflaboring,reallyhelpingourparentsreducetheirburdenofwork.【點睛】【高分句型1】Studentsdoingsimplehouseworkaccountforahighproportion,butrelativelyfewerstudentsdosomemorecomplexhouseworksuchascookinganddoingfarmwork.（運用了現在分詞作定語）【高分句型2】Intermsofhouseworkskills,85.50%and81.60%helptheirparentsdocleaningandthedishesrespectively.（動詞不定式作賓補，省略動詞不定式符號）3．國慶節即將到來，針對黃金周的一些問題，國家擬對黃金周集中假期進行調整。下面是某一網站就黃金周是否應該取消作的調查。請你把調查的結果寫成短文，發表在學校的報刊上。黃金周長假期的調查（1000人）人數原因贊成長假期45%假期集中，方便出外旅游，盡情放松；更多時間與家人一起。取消長假期55%容易造成交通阻塞，甚至交通事故；人流量大，對景點保護不利；各項服務質量下降。[寫作要求]

只能使用5個句子表達全部內容；[評分標準]

句子結構準確，信息內容完整，篇章結構連貫。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:RecentlywemadeasurveyofwhetherweshouldhavelongholidayinthecomingNationalDay.45%ofthesurveyedpeople(1000)hopetohavealongholidaysincethisprovidesthemwithadequatetimeforatripandtheycanrelaxthemselvescompletely.Theyalsomentionthatwiththelongholiday,theyhavemorefunstayingwiththefamily.However,55%ofpeoplesaythatduringthelongholiday,therearemoretrafficjamsandeventrafficaccidents.What’smore,thecrowdedpeople’sgatheringinsomefamousplaceshascauseddamagetotherelicsandledtopoorservicequality.【導語】本篇書面表達屬于應用文。要求考生根據表格內容，對是否應該取消黃金周長假期的調查（1000人）進行總結，把調查的結果寫成短文，發表在學校的報刊上。【詳解】1.詞匯積累應該：should→besupposedto為某人提供某物：providesb.withsth.→providesth.forsb./offersb.sth.此外：what’smore→inaddition導致：leadto→resultin2.句式拓展同義句轉換原句：What’smore,thecrowdedpeople’sgatheringinsomefamousplaceshascauseddamagetotherelicsandledtopoorservicequality.同義句：What’smore,notonlyhasthecrowdedpeople’sgatheringinsomefamousplacescauseddamagetotherelics,butitalsohasledtopoorservicequality.【點睛】【高分句型1】RecentlywemadeasurveyofwhetherweshouldhavelongholidayinthecomingNationalDay.(運用了whether引導的賓語從句)【高分句型2】45%ofthesurveyedpeople(1000)hopetohavealongholidaysincethisprovidesthemwithadequatetimeforatripandtheycanrelaxthemselvescompletely.(運用了since引導的原因狀語從句)4．現在許多年輕人都熱衷于過諸如“情人節”、“愚人節”、“圣誕節”之類的洋節，但也有許多人對此持反對態度。請結合下表內容談談你的看法。支持者的看法反對者的看法你的看法1.

顯得時尚2.

可以學習外國文化3.

借此擴大交接圈1.

顯得愚蠢2.

是一種文化入侵3.

會淡化對傳統節日的感情……注意：1.

文章必須包括表中的全部內容；2.

詞數：120左右。文章開頭已寫好，不計入總詞數；3.

參考詞匯：入侵—invasion；傳統的—traditionalIsitrightforyoungpeopletocelebrateforeignfestivalssuchasValentine’sDay,AprilFools’DayandChristmasDay?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:IsitrightforyoungpeopletocelebrateforeignfestivalssuchasValentine’sDay,AprilFools’DayandChristmasDay?

Somepeoplesayyes.Theythinkthatcelebratingforeignfestivalsisafashionableactivity.Theyhelppeoplenotonlytomakemorefriendsbutalsotogainmoreknowledgeaboutforeignculture.Others,however,thinknot.Theysaythatit’sfoolishforChinesepeopletocelebrateforeignfestivals,whichwillgreatlyaffectpeople’sfeelingsonourowntraditionalfestivals.Somepeopleevenconsideritasaculturalinvasion.Asforme,Idon’tthinkthatforeignfestivalsareverybadthings.Infact,theworldisbecoming“smaller”—peopleallovertheworldarebecomingabigfamily.Ontheotherhand,Ialsothinkthatweshouldpaymoreattentiontoourowntraditionalfestivals,becausetheyarepartoftherootofourChineseculture.【導語】本篇書面表達屬于英文寫作中的正反觀點對比短文寫作。要求考生根據表格內容談談對現在許多年輕人都熱衷于過洋節這一現象談談自己的看法。【詳解】1.詞匯積累獲得：gain→acquire認為：consider→view/see/regard事實上：infact→actually全世界：allovertheworld→throughouttheworld2.句式拓展簡單句變復合句原句：Somepeopleevenconsideritasaculturalinvasion.拓展句：Somepeopleevenconsiderthatitisaculturalinvasion.【點睛】【高分句型1】Theysaythatit’sfoolishforChinesepeopletocelebrateforeignfestivals,whichwillgreatlyaffectpeople’sfeelingsonourowntraditionalfestivals.（運用了that引導的賓語從句和which引導的定語從句）【高分句型2】Asforme,Idon’tthinkthatforeignfestivalsareverybadthings.（運用了that引導的賓語從句）5．根據圖畫和所給單詞，將成語“鄭人買履”譯為英文小故事。詞數在60—80之間。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】

Oncetherewasaman,andhecamefromZhengState.Oneday,hewantedtobuyapairofshoes.Sohetookoutarulerandmeasuredthesizeofhisshoes.Thenhewenttothemarket.Whenhecameintoashoeshopandwantedtobuyshoes,hesuddenlyshouted,“Oh,Iforgottotakemyruler.Ihavetogobacktogetmyruler.”Thenheranaway.Theshopkeepershouted,“Wait,please!Youcantrythemonyourself.”“No!”Themankeptonrunning.Whenhegottherulerandwentbacktotheshoeshopagain,theshopwasalreadyclosed.【導語】這是一篇圖畫作文，要求考生按照圖畫提示，將成語“鄭人買履”翻譯成英文短文。【詳解】1.

詞匯積累：打算：want→desire測量：measure→takethesizeof商店：shop→store走向：goto→headto2.

句式拓展簡單句變復合句原句：Oncetherewasaman,andhecamefromZhengState.拓展句：Oncetherewasaman,whocamefromZhengState.【點睛】【高分句型1】Whenhecameintoashoeshopandwantedtobuyshoes,hesuddenlyshouted,“Oh,Iforgottotakemyruler.Ihavetogobacktogetmyruler.”（when引導的時間狀語從句）【高分句型2】Whenhegottherulerandwentbacktotheshoeshopagain,theshopwasalreadyclosed.（when引導的時間狀語從句）6．請根據漫畫，以“WhatWilltheChildBecome?”為標題，寫一篇短文。

要求:1.詞數約100個，不包括已給出的開頭部分。2.

內容要包括對本漫畫畫面的描述以及你自己對這一現象的看法。提示:

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