LiuzhouRailwayVocationalTechnicalCollege明德礪志求知篤行創(chuàng)傷救護(hù)技術(shù)Passengertrainpick-upoperation雙語客運(yùn)值班員BILINGUALPASSENGERATTENDANT教學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)TeachingteamYinTian尹天雷蓮桂Leiliangui李秀聰Lixiucong周雯Zhouwen目錄contents1列車常見創(chuàng)傷（燒燙傷現(xiàn)場應(yīng)急救護(hù)）Commontraintrauma(burnsiteemergencycare)2列車常見創(chuàng)傷（外出血應(yīng)急救護(hù)）Commontraintrauma(externalbleedingemergencycare)1燒燙傷現(xiàn)場應(yīng)急救護(hù)Burnsceneemergencycare創(chuàng)傷救護(hù)技術(shù)1.迅速脫離致傷源：無論何種原因引起的燒燙傷，現(xiàn)場急救的首要任務(wù)就是要立即脫離致傷源，最大限度地阻斷致傷源對組織機(jī)體的進(jìn)一步損害。1.Quicklygetridoftheinjurysource:Nomatterwhatthecauseoftheburn,theprimarytaskofon-sitefirstaidistoimmediatelygetridoftheinjurysourceandblockthefurtherdamageoftheinjurysourcetothetissueandbodytothegreatestextent.一旦發(fā)生燒燙傷，要及時(shí)實(shí)施正確的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime創(chuàng)傷救護(hù)技術(shù)2.盡早冷療：冷療即第一時(shí)間用自來水（15℃?25℃）持續(xù)沖洗或浸泡燒燙傷處降溫直至疼痛緩解。對于中小面積淺度燒燙傷冷療可以減輕熱力對創(chuàng)面的進(jìn)一步損傷，迅速緩解疼痛，且簡單易行，是燒燙傷現(xiàn)場急救非常重要和有效的措施。Earlycoldtherapy:Coldtherapyisthefirsttimewithtapwater(15°C~25°C)continuouslyrinseorsoakburnstocooldownuntilthepainisrelieved.Forsmallandmedium-sizedareasoflightburnburncoldtherapycanreducethefurtherdamageofheattothewound,quicklyrelievepain,andissimpleandeasy,isaveryimportantandeffectivemeasureforburnon-sitefirstaid.一旦發(fā)生燒燙傷，要及時(shí)實(shí)施正確的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime創(chuàng)傷救護(hù)技術(shù)3.保護(hù)創(chuàng)面：I度燒燙傷且創(chuàng)面較小時(shí)可涂抹燙傷膏，II度燒燙傷或大的創(chuàng)面，表皮水皰不要刺破，不要在創(chuàng)面上涂任何油脂或藥膏，應(yīng)用清潔、濕潤的敷料（如紗布、毛巾、床單等）或保鮮膜覆蓋，并進(jìn)行簡單的包扎，以保護(hù)創(chuàng)面，防止感染，迅速送醫(yī)院治療。Protectthewound:WhenthewoundisburnedwithIdegreeandthewoundissmall,scaldcreamcanbeapplied,theseconddegreeburnorlargewound,theepidermalblistersshouldnotpuncture,donotapplyanygreaseorointmentonthewoundsurface,applyaclean,moistdressing(suchasgauze,towel,sheet,etc.)orplasticwrapcover,andcarryoutasimplebandagetoprotectthewound,preventinfection,andquicklysendittothehospitalfortreatment.一旦發(fā)生燒燙傷，要及時(shí)實(shí)施正確的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime創(chuàng)傷救護(hù)技術(shù)4.當(dāng)遇到各種化學(xué)燒傷時(shí)，如強(qiáng)酸、強(qiáng)堿，則應(yīng)先用紙巾主動蘸吸，然后立即用大量流動的清水沖洗。Whenencounteringvariouschemicalburns,suchasstrongacidandstrongalkali,youshouldfirstuseapapertoweltoactivelydipandsuck,andthenimmediatelyrinsewithalargeamountofflowingwater.一旦發(fā)生燒燙傷，要及時(shí)實(shí)施正確的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime創(chuàng)傷救護(hù)技術(shù)少量強(qiáng)酸、強(qiáng)堿燒傷,沖洗時(shí)間應(yīng)在15分鐘以上。Asmallamountofstrongacid,strongalkaliburns,theflushingtimeshouldbemorethan15minutes.

大量強(qiáng)酸強(qiáng)堿燒傷，沖洗時(shí)間應(yīng)在20分鐘以上，沖洗時(shí)將污染的衣物脫去。Alargenumberofstrongacidandalkaliburns,therinsingtimeshouldbemorethan20minutes,andthecontaminatedclothesshouldberemovedwhenrinsing.創(chuàng)傷救護(hù)技術(shù)若為粉末狀強(qiáng)酸強(qiáng)堿，先清除掉再用流動水沖洗。絕不可等到醫(yī)院再處理，以免使組織受到嚴(yán)重的腐蝕燒傷。Ifitisapowderedstrongacidandalkali,itisremovedfirstandthenrinsedwithrunningwater.Neverwaituntilthehospitaltodealwithit,soasnottocauseseriouscorrosionandburnstothetissue創(chuàng)傷救護(hù)技術(shù)2.盡早冷療：冷療即第一時(shí)間用自來水（15℃?25℃）持續(xù)沖洗或浸泡燒燙傷處降溫直至疼痛緩解。Earlycoldtherapy:Coldtherapyisthefirsttimewithtapwater(15°C~25°C)continuouslyrinseorsoakburnstocooldownuntilthepainisrelieved.2外出血應(yīng)急救護(hù)Emergencycareforexternalbleeding外出血應(yīng)急救護(hù)注意事項(xiàng)

救護(hù)員在為傷員止血時(shí)要采取防止感染的措施，如處理傷口前應(yīng)洗手，盡可能戴醫(yī)用手套或不透水的塑料手套，戴口罩，必要時(shí)戴防護(hù)眼鏡或防護(hù)罩;處理傷口時(shí)要保護(hù)傷口，防止自身感染和感染擴(kuò)散；處理傷口后要用肥皂、流動水徹底洗手；如自己的皮膚被劃傷，應(yīng)盡快就醫(yī)，采取必要的免疫措施。Ambulancepersonnelshouldtakemeasurestopreventinfectionwhenstoppingbleedingforthewounded,suchaswashingtheirhandsbeforetreatingthewound,wearingmedicalglovesorimpermeableplasticglovesasmuchaspossible,wearingmasks,andifnecessarywearingprotectiveglassesorprotectivecovers;Whentreatingwounds,itisnecessarytoprotectthewoundsfromself-infectionandthespreadofinfection;washyourhandsthoroughlywithsoapandrunningwateraftertreatingthewounds;ifyourskinisscratched,youshouldseekmedicalattentionassoonaspossibleandtakenecessaryimmunemeasures.外出血應(yīng)急救護(hù)（一）止血材料常用的材料有無菌敷料、繃帶、三角巾、創(chuàng)可貼、止血帶，也可用毛巾、手絹、布料、衣物等代替。Commonlyusedmaterialsaresteriledressings,bandages,trianglescarves,Band-Aids,tourniquets,andcanalsobereplacedbytowels,handkerchiefs,fabrics,clothing,etc.外出血應(yīng)急救護(hù)（二）少量出血的處理傷員傷口出血不多時(shí)，可做如下處理:1.救護(hù)員先洗凈雙手(最好戴上防護(hù)手套)，然后用清水、肥皂把傷員傷口周圍洗干凈，用干凈柔軟的紗布或毛巾將傷口周圍擦干。Whenthewoundedpersondoesnotbleedmuch,thefollowingtreatmentcanbedone:1.Theambulanceworkerfirstwasheshishands(itisbesttowearprotectivegloves),thenwashesthewoundaroundthewoundwithwaterandsoap,andusescleanandsoftgauzeortoweltodrythewoundaroundthewound.外出血應(yīng)急救護(hù)（二）少量出血的處理2.表面?zhèn)诤筒羵麘?yīng)該用干凈的水沖洗，最好是用自來水，因?yàn)樗畨河欣跊_洗。Surfacewoundsandabrasionsshouldberinsedwithcleanwater,preferablywithtapwater,aswaterpressurefacilitatesflushing.3.用創(chuàng)可貼或干凈的紗布、手絹包扎傷口。注意:不要用藥棉或有絨毛的布直接覆蓋在傷口上。BandagethewoundwithaBand-Aidorcleangauzeorhandkerchief.Note:Donotcoverthewounddirectlywithcottonorafluffycloth.外出血應(yīng)急救護(hù)（二）嚴(yán)重出血的止血方法控制嚴(yán)重的出血，要分秒必爭，立即采取止血措施，同時(shí)呼叫救護(hù)車。Tocontrolseverebleeding,youmustraceagainsttheclock,takeimmediatehemostasismeasures,andcallanambulanceatthesametime.1.直接壓迫止血法Directcompressionhemostasis該方法是最直接、快速、有效、安全的止血方法，可用于大部分外出血的止血。Thismethodisthemostdirect,fast,effectiveandsafehemostasismethod,whichcanbeusedformostoftheexternalbleedinghemostasis.(1)救護(hù)員快速檢查傷員傷口內(nèi)有無異物，如有表淺小異物可將其取出。(1)Theambulancestaffquicklycheckswhetherthereisaforeignbodyinthewoundoftheinjuredperson,andifthereisasuperficialsmallforeignbody,itcanberemoved.外出血應(yīng)急救護(hù)（二）嚴(yán)重出血的止血方法(2)將干凈的紗布塊或手帕(或其他干凈布料)作為敷料覆蓋到傷口上，用手直接壓迫止血。注意，必須是持續(xù)用力壓迫。Coverthewoundwithacleangauzepatchorhandkerchief(orothercleancloth)asadressingandpressdirectlywithyourhandstostopthebleeding.Notethatitmustbepressedwithcontinuousforce.(3)如果敷料被血液濕透，不要更換，再取敷料在原有敷料上覆蓋，繼續(xù)壓迫止血，等待救護(hù)車到來。Ifthedressingissoakedwithblood,donotreplaceit,thentakethedressingandcoveritontheoriginaldressing,continuetocompressandstopthebleeding,andwaitfortheambulancetoarrive.(1)救護(hù)員首先直接壓迫止血，壓迫傷口的敷料應(yīng)超過傷口周邊至少3