2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期奉賢區(qū)高三英語練習(xí)卷考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間105分鐘，試卷滿分115分。2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂(選擇題)或?qū)?非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置。I.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankMiddleEast’sDarkSkyHubsSaraSamivividlyrecallsthefirsttimeshetrulysawthestars.The38-year-oldphotographerandtravelguide____1____(search)foraspotinSaudiArabia—amassivecliffoverlookingavastdesert—whensheunexpectedlyfoundherselfunderanamazingnightsky.“Therewasablanketofstarsrightaboveme,“Samireminisces.”I____2____seethousandsofthemstretchingendlessly.Itwasabreathtakingsight.”Eversincethatnight,SaudiArabiahasbecomehertopstargazingdestination.SamihastravelednumeroustimesfromherhomeinBahrain,asmallislandnation____3____(connect)toSaudiArabiabya15-milecauseway.Sheseeksoutplaceswithundisturbeddarkness,farfromtownsandcities,____4____shecanseetheMilkyWay.Itwasliterallyinthemiddleofadesert:therewasanabandonedvillagewithbrokenhouses.____5____theatmospherewasfrighteningandfilledwithanunsettlingstillness,theskywasstunninglybeautiful.InNovemberlastyear,anothernaturereserve,neartheancientoasiscityofAlUla,____6____(name)thefirst-everDarkSkyParkintheMiddleEast.SaudiArabiajoined21othercountriesonitslistofcertifiedDarkSkyPlaces,withtheUSandNewZealand____7____(top)thelist.“Partofthe2,334squarekilometerreserve’scommitmenttothepreservationofthenightskyinvolvescarefullightingdesign,suchasensuring____8____,ifpossible,lightsareequippedwithshadestominimizelightpollution.Specifically,theseshadesaredesignedtodirectthelightdown____9____up.”ThelocalobservatoryiscurrentlydevelopinganoutdoorlightingguidefornewandexistingdevelopmentswithinAlUlaCounty.ThisguidewillenableresidentsandvisitorstoseethenightskyaboveAlUlainallitsnaturalbeautyforyears_____10_____(come).Thisongoingeffortreflectsabroadercommitmenttopreservingthenightskyforfuturegenerations.【答案】1.wassearching2.could3.connected4.where5.Although##While##Though6.wasnamed7.topping8.that9.ratherthan10.tocome【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了攝影師薩拉·薩米在沙特阿拉伯觀星的經(jīng)歷，以及沙特阿拉伯致力于保護(hù)夜空。【1題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這位38歲的攝影師兼旅游導(dǎo)游正在沙特阿拉伯尋找一個(gè)地方——一個(gè)俯瞰廣闊沙漠的巨大懸崖——這時(shí)她意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一個(gè)驚人的夜空下。此處為句型sb.bedoingsth.when…表示“正在做某事，這時(shí)……”，發(fā)生在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語為The38-year-oldphotographerandtravelguide，謂語用單數(shù)。故填wassearching。【2題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我可以看到成千上萬的山巒綿延不絕。后跟動(dòng)詞原形，表示“可以，能夠”用can，發(fā)生在過去用could。故填could。【3題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：薩米已經(jīng)很多次從她在巴林的家出發(fā)，巴林是一個(gè)小島國，通過一條15英里長的堤道與沙特阿拉伯相連。此處為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，且island與connect為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語。故填connected。【4題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：她尋找遠(yuǎn)離城鎮(zhèn)、黑暗不受干擾的地方，在那里她可以看到銀河。此處非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞places，在從句作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。【5題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：雖然氣氛令人恐懼，充滿了令人不安的寂靜，但天空卻美得驚人。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然”用although、while或though，首字母大寫。故填A(yù)lthough/While/Though。【6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：去年11月，另一個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)，靠近古老的綠洲城市AlUla，被命名為中東第一個(gè)黑暗天空公園。主語anothernaturereserve與謂語name構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文InNovemberlastyear可知為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，謂語用單數(shù)。故填wasnamed。【7題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：沙特阿拉伯和其他21個(gè)國家一起獲得了“黑暗天空之地”的認(rèn)證，美國和新西蘭位居榜首。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，且USandNewZealand與top構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填topping。【8題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：2334平方公里的自然保護(hù)區(qū)致力于保護(hù)夜空，其中包括精心的照明設(shè)計(jì)，如盡可能確保燈光配備遮光罩，以盡量減少光污染。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句不缺少成分或句意，故用that。故填that。【9題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：具體來說，這些陰影的設(shè)計(jì)是為了引導(dǎo)光線向下而不是向上。表示“而不是”短語為ratherthan，說明光線引導(dǎo)的方向，即“向下而不是向上”。故填ratherthan。【10題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：本指南將使居民和游客能夠在未來幾年里看到阿爾烏拉上空的夜空。短語foryearstocome表示“在今后的幾年里”。故填tocome。SectionB(10分)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.visuallyB.interactsC.essentialD.minuteE.compositionF.perspectiveG.accuracyH.dominatesI.expansiveJ.survivesK.occasionallyMasterpiece:OneThousandLiofRiversandMountainsWangXimeng(1096-1119)wasafamousbutshort-livedpainter.Tragically,onlyoneofhisworks_____11_____OneThousandLiofRiversandMountains,whichischerishedasarareandpreciousmasterpieceintheartworld.Thismasterpiecemeasures51.5cmhighby11.92mlong,createdinsimpleblackinkandgroundpigment(顏料)onalongsilkscroll.Despiteitsmaterialsimplicity,thepainting’s_____12_____isremarkablycomplex.Itunfoldslikeapanoramic(全景式的)storyofaSouthernChineselandscape,presentedwitha(n)_____13_____thathintsatWang’sdeeprootsintheregion.Thelandscapeisdividedintosixmountainsectionsseparatedbywater,_____14_____linkedbybridges.Houses,trees,andfiguresdotthemountains,shownfromvariousviewpoints.Thisshifting_____15_____enablesviewers,astheyunrollthescrollfromrighttoleft,toexperienceacontinuous,immersivenarrativeofdailyactivities.Itcreatesadynamicvisualflow,muchlikewatchingscenerypassbythroughatrainwindow.Thepainting’sperfectionisenhancedbyits_____16_____strikingblue-greenlandscape,orqinglüshanshui,atechniquethatflourishedduringtheNorthenSongDynasty.Brilliantblue_____17_____themountains’peaks,boldgreencoversthemountains’valleys,andpalebrownimpliesthemountains’bases.Thisradiantarrangementemphasizescoloroverline,skillfullyusinglight,shade,andtexturetocreatedepthandatmosphere.Thispainting_____18_____withtheviewerinawayrarelyfoundinWesternpaintings.Duetoitsvastscalebut_____19_____details,itrequiresmultipleviewingsatdifferentdistances.Thefirstviewingisatafardistancetoobserveitssweepinggrandeur.Thesecondviewingisataclosedistancetoobserveitsrefinedfeatures.Thethirdviewingisatamid-distancetoobserveitsoverallimpact.Thislayeredviewingexperiencedeepenstheengagementwiththeartwork,makingthepaintingsfeelcompletelyalive.Itoffersaprofoundandsubtleexplorationofthevisibleworldthroughits______20______—size,richcolors,andexpressivedetails,emittingqiorenergythatenlivenstheviewer.Ultimately,thismasterpieceinvitesviewerstoimmersethemselvesinitsbeauty,discoveringnewhorizonswitheachencounter.【答案】11.J12.E13.G14.K15.F16.A17.H18.B19.D20.I【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了王希孟的《千里江山圖》以及畫作鑒賞。【11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：可悲的是，他的作品只有一幅幸存下來——《千里江山圖》，這是藝術(shù)界罕見而珍貴的杰作。根據(jù)“OneThousandLiofRiversandMountains,whichischerishedasarareandpreciousmasterpieceintheartworld”以及句意“幸存”可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞survive，陳述目前事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選J。【12題詳解】考查名詞。句意：盡管材料簡(jiǎn)單，這幅畫的構(gòu)圖卻異常復(fù)雜。根據(jù)“ItunfoldslikeapanoramicstoryofaSouthernChineselandscape”以及句意“構(gòu)圖”可知，應(yīng)填名詞composition，作主語。故選E。【13題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它就像一個(gè)中國南方風(fēng)景的全景故事，以一種準(zhǔn)確的方式呈現(xiàn)，暗示了王在該地區(qū)的深厚根基。根據(jù)“thathintsatWang’sdeeprootsintheregion”以及句意“準(zhǔn)確”可知，應(yīng)填名詞accuracy，作賓語，不可數(shù)。故選G。【14題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這片景觀被分成六個(gè)由水隔開的山區(qū)，偶爾由橋梁連接起來。根據(jù)“Thelandscapeisdividedintosixmountainsectionsseparatedbywater”以及后文“l(fā)inkedbybridges”和句意表示“偶爾”可知，應(yīng)填副詞occasionally，修飾動(dòng)詞linked。故選K。【15題詳解】考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)觀眾從右向左展開卷軸時(shí)，這種變換的視角使他們能夠體驗(yàn)到連續(xù)的、身臨其境的日常活動(dòng)敘事。根據(jù)“Houses,trees,andfiguresdotthemountains,shownfromvariousviewpoints.(房屋、樹木和人物點(diǎn)綴在山上，從不同的角度展示)”以及句意“視角”可知，應(yīng)填名詞perspective，作主語。故選F。【16題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這幅畫的完美之處在于其視覺上引人注目的藍(lán)綠色景觀，或青綠山水，這是北宋時(shí)期蓬勃發(fā)展的一種技術(shù)。根據(jù)“strikingblue-greenlandscape”以及句意“視覺上”可知，應(yīng)填副詞visually，修飾形容詞striking。故選A。【17題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：明亮的藍(lán)色支配著山峰，大膽的綠色覆蓋著山谷，淺棕色暗示著山脈的底部。根據(jù)“themountains’peaks,boldgreencoversthemountains’valleys”以及句意“支配”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞dominate，作謂語，陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為Brilliantblue，謂語用三單形式。故選H。【18題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這幅畫以一種在西方繪畫中很少發(fā)現(xiàn)的方式與觀眾互動(dòng)。根據(jù)“withtheviewerinawayrarelyfoundinWesternpaintings”以及句意“互動(dòng)”可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞interact，作謂語，陳述目前事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為Thispainting，謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。【19題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：由于其龐大的規(guī)模和微小的細(xì)節(jié)，它需要在不同的距離進(jìn)行多次觀看。根據(jù)“Thefirstviewingisatafardistancetoobserveitssweepinggrandeur.Thesecondviewingisataclosedistancetoobserveitsrefinedfeatures.Thethirdviewingisatamid-distancetoobserveitsoverallimpact.(第一次觀看是在很遠(yuǎn)的地方觀察它的壯觀。第二次觀察是在近距離觀察其精致的特征。第三次觀察是在中距離觀察其整體影響)”以及句意“微小的”可知，應(yīng)填形容詞minute，修飾details。故選D。【20題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：通過其廣闊的尺寸、豐富的色彩和富有表現(xiàn)力的細(xì)節(jié)，它提供了對(duì)可見世界的深刻而微妙的探索，散發(fā)出氣或能量，使觀眾活躍起來。根據(jù)上文“Thismasterpiecemeasures51.5cmhighby11.92mlong,createdinsimpleblackinkandgroundpigment(顏料)onalongsilkscroll.(這幅杰作高51.5厘米，長11.92米，用簡(jiǎn)單的黑色墨水和底色繪制在長長的絲綢卷軸上)”以及句意“廣闊的”可知，應(yīng)填形容詞expansive，修飾名詞size。故選I。II.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theoceantwilightzonealsoknownasthemidwater,isagloballayerofwaterstretchingfrom200to1,000metersbelowtheoceansurface.Thisdimlylitregion,justbeyondthereachofsunlight,iscoldandunderhighpressure,yetit_____21_____ahostofmarinespecies.Recentstudiessuggestthatitsfishbiomassmaybetentimesgreaterthanpreviouslyestimated,makingitoneofthemost_____22_____ecosystemsonEarth.Thetwilightzoneishometoawidevarietyoforganisms.Manyofthesecreaturesexhibitunique_____23_____tosurviveinthisdark,high-pressureenvironment.Onefascinatingexampleiscounter-illumination(反照明),wheresmallfishgeneratelightfromtheirundersidestomatchthesurfacelightabove,makingthemnearly_____24_____tobigfishbelow.Oneofthemostremarkablephenomenainthetwilightzoneisthedailyvertical(垂直的；縱向的)_____25_____ofitsinhabitants.Everynight,countlessfish,squid,andplanktonswimtothesurfacetofeedunderthecoverofdarkness.Atdawn,theyreturntothe_____26_____,saferwaters.Thisdailymigrationisthelargestregularanimalmovementontheplanet,occurringevery24hoursacrosstheworld’soceans.Thetwilightzoneprovidesfoodforlargerpredatorslikewhalesandsharks,whicharevaluablefor_____27_____reasons.Additionally,thetwilightzoneactsasacriticalpartoftheocean’s"biologicalpump".Ithelpstransfercarbondioxidefromsurfacewaterstothedeepocean,preventingitfrom_____28_____totheatmosphereasagreenhousegas.Thisprocessisvitalforreducingclimatechange.Despiteitsecologicalimportance,thetwilightzoneremainslargelyunexplored._____29_____,commercialfishinginterestsarealreadytargetingthisregion.CountrieslikeNorwayandJapanhavebegun______30______harvestingoftwilight-zoneorganisms,drivenbythegrowingdemandforfishmealandotherproducts.Toensuresustainableuseand______31______ofthetwilightzone,weneedtoanswerkeyquestionsaboutitsbiodiversity,lifecycles,foodwebs,androleintheglobalcarboncycle.However,studyingthisregionis______32______duetoitsvastness,rapidchanges,andthedifficultyincapturingandobservingitsdelicateorganisms.In2018,theWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutionlaunchedamissiontoexploreatwilightzone.supportedby$35millionfromtheAudaciousProject.Thisinitiativecombines______33______technologies—suchasadvancedacoustics,high-resolutioncameras,andgenetictechniques—withtraditionalmethodstostudythiscomplexecosystem.Byadvancingourunderstandingofthetwilightzone,wecandeveloppoliciestoprotectitsbiodiversityandensurethe______34______useofitsresources.Theoceantwilightzoneremainsa______35______worldofincrediblebiodiversityandecologicalimportance.Aswefacegrowingglobalchallenges,understandingandpreservingthismysteriousregionismorecriticalthanever.21.A.housed B.excluded C.limited D.obtained22.A.efficient B.intensive C.diverse D.internal23.A.adaptations B.preferences C.insights D.rhythms24.A.flexible B.incredible C.perceptible D.invisible25.A.escape B.journey C.settlement D.exploration26.A.deeper B.shallower C.warmer D.clearer27.A.economic B.ecological C.evolutionary D.biological28.A.bouncing B.reflecting C.dumping D.returning29.A.However B.Therefore C.Additionally D.Consequently30.A.agricultural B.residential C.industrial D.recreational31.A.consumption B.conservation C.exploitation D.intervention32.A.challenging B.rewarding C.fascinating D.engaging33.A.life-changing B.cutting-edge C.cost-effective D.gene-altered34.A.considerable B.comprehensive C.innovative D.responsible35.A.remarkable B.complex C.hidden D.harsh【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.B28.D29.A30.C31.B32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了海洋“暮光地帶”（中水層）位于海面下200至1000米，雖環(huán)境惡劣卻物種豐富、生態(tài)多樣。其生物有獨(dú)特生存適應(yīng)方式，且每日垂直遷移，是最大規(guī)模定期動(dòng)物遷徙。“暮光地帶”為大型捕食者供食，是“生物泵”關(guān)鍵部分，可減緩氣候變化。人們需加深了解，制定政策保護(hù)生物多樣性、合理利用資源，在全球挑戰(zhàn)下，保護(hù)“暮光地帶”意義重大。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這片光線暗淡的區(qū)域，陽光照射不到，溫度低，壓力大，但卻居住著大量的海洋物種。A.housed讓……居住；B.excluded排除；C.limited限制；D.obtained獲得。根據(jù)下文“Recentstudiessuggestthatitsfishbiomassmaybetentimesgreaterthanpreviouslyestimated”可知，魚類生物量可能是以前估計(jì)的十倍。由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示這片區(qū)域雖然環(huán)境惡劣，但“居住”著大量的海洋物種。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，它的魚類生物量可能是以前估計(jì)的十倍，使其成為地球上最多樣化的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一。A.efficient高效的；B.intensive密集的；C.diverse多樣的；D.internal內(nèi)部的。根據(jù)上文“Recentstudiessuggestthatitsfishbiomassmaybetentimesgreaterthanpreviouslyestimated”可知，該區(qū)域魚類生物量比之前估計(jì)的十倍，說明是一個(gè)物種“多樣的”生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些生物中的許多都表現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的適應(yīng)能力，以便在這種黑暗、高壓的環(huán)境中生存。A.adaptations適應(yīng)性變化，適應(yīng)能力；B.preferences偏好；C.insights洞察力；D.rhythms節(jié)奏。根據(jù)下文“surviveinthisdark,high-pressureenvironment”可知，這些生物在黑暗、高壓環(huán)境中生存，展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的“適應(yīng)性”。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)有趣的例子是反照明，小魚從它們的底部發(fā)出光來匹配上面的表面光，讓下面的大魚幾乎看不見它們。A.flexible靈活的；B.incredible難以置信的；C.perceptible可察覺的；D.invisible看不見的。根據(jù)上文“smallfishgeneratelightfromtheirundersidestomatchthesurfacelightabove”可知，小魚通過反照明使自己與上面的光線匹配，讓下面的大魚幾乎“看不見”它們。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在暮光地帶最引人注目的現(xiàn)象之一是它的居民每天的垂直旅行。A.escape逃跑；B.journey行程，旅程；C.settlement定居；D.exploration探索。根據(jù)下文“Everynight,countlessfish,squid,andplanktonswimtothesurfacetofeedunderthecoverofdarkness.”可知，twilightzone的居民每天進(jìn)行垂直“移動(dòng)”。“journey”有“行程、旅程”的意思，這里指生物的垂直移動(dòng)過程，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：黎明時(shí)分，它們回到更深更安全的水域。A.deeper更深的；B.shallower更淺的；C.warmer更溫暖的；D.clearer更清澈的。根據(jù)文章開頭“themidwater,isagloballayerofwaterstretchingfrom200to1,000metersbelowtheoceansurface”可知，twilightzone在水下200到1000米，所以黎明時(shí)它們回到更深的地方。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這片暮光地帶為鯨魚和鯊魚等大型捕食者提供了食物，它們?cè)谏鷳B(tài)方面很有價(jià)值。A.economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的；B.ecological生態(tài)的；C.evolutionary進(jìn)化的；D.biological生物的。根據(jù)上文“Thetwilightzoneprovidesfoodforlargerpredatorslikewhalesandsharks”可知，鯨魚和鯊魚等大型捕食者對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)很重要。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它有助于將二氧化碳從地表水轉(zhuǎn)移到深海，防止其以溫室氣體的形式返回大氣。A.bouncing反彈；B.reflecting反射；C.dumping傾倒；D.returning返回。根據(jù)上文“Ithelpstransfercarbondioxidefromsurfacewaterstothedeepocean”可知，twilightzone幫助將二氧化碳從表層水轉(zhuǎn)移到深海，防止其“返回”大氣。故選D項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，商業(yè)捕魚利益已經(jīng)瞄準(zhǔn)了這一地區(qū)。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Additionally此外；D.Consequently結(jié)果。根據(jù)上文“Despiteitsecologicalimportance,thetwilightzoneremainslargelyunexplored.”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，盡管twilightzone很重要，但商業(yè)捕魚已經(jīng)瞄準(zhǔn)了這個(gè)區(qū)域，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在對(duì)魚粉和其他產(chǎn)品日益增長的需求的推動(dòng)下，挪威和日本等國已經(jīng)開始工業(yè)化捕撈瀕臨滅絕的生物。A.agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的；B.residential娛樂的；C.industrial工業(yè)的；D.recreational娛樂的。根據(jù)下文“drivenbythegrowingdemandforfishmealandotherproducts”可知，挪威和日本等國在商業(yè)利益驅(qū)動(dòng)下開始“工業(yè)化”捕撈twilight-zone的生物。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了確保暮光地帶的可持續(xù)利用和保護(hù)，我們需要回答有關(guān)其生物多樣性、生命周期、食物網(wǎng)以及在全球碳循環(huán)中的作用等關(guān)鍵問題。A.consumption消耗；B.conservation保護(hù)；C.exploitation探索；D.intervention干預(yù)。根據(jù)下文“weneedtoanswerkeyquestionsaboutitsbiodiversity,lifecycles,foodwebs,androleintheglobalcarboncycle”可知，為了可持續(xù)利用和“保護(hù)”twilightzone，我們需要了解它的相關(guān)信息。故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，由于該地區(qū)幅員遼闊，變化迅速，難以捕捉和觀察其脆弱的生物，因此對(duì)該地區(qū)的研究具有挑戰(zhàn)性。A.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.rewarding有回報(bào)的；C.fascinating迷人的；D.engaging吸引人的。根據(jù)下文“duetoitsvastness,rapidchanges,andthedifficultyincapturingandobservingitsdelicateorganisms”可知，該地區(qū)幅員遼闊，變化迅速，難以捕捉和觀察其脆弱的生物。由此可知，對(duì)該地區(qū)的研究具有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃將先進(jìn)的聲學(xué)、高分辨率相機(jī)和基因技術(shù)等尖端技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)方法結(jié)合起來，研究這個(gè)復(fù)雜的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。A.life-changing改變生活的；B.cutting-edge尖端的；C.cost-effective劃算的；D.gene-altered基因改變的。根據(jù)下文“suchasadvancedacoustics,high-resolutioncameras,andgenetictechniques”可知，該研究項(xiàng)目結(jié)合了“尖端的”技術(shù)，如先進(jìn)的聲學(xué)、高分辨率相機(jī)和基因技術(shù)。故選B項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過加深我們對(duì)暮光地帶的了解，我們可以制定政策來保護(hù)其生物多樣性，并確保負(fù)責(zé)任地使用其資源。A.considerable相當(dāng)大的；B.comprehensive全面的；C.innovative創(chuàng)新的；D.responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的。根據(jù)上文“wecandeveloppoliciestoprotectitsbiodiversity”可知，通過了解暮光地帶，我們可以制定政策保護(hù)其生物多樣性，確保“負(fù)責(zé)任地”利用其資源。故選D項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：海洋暮光地帶仍然是一個(gè)隱藏的世界，有著令人難以置信的生物多樣性和生態(tài)重要性。A.remarkable顯著的；B.complex復(fù)雜的；C.hidden隱藏的；D.harsh嚴(yán)酷的。根據(jù)句意以及下文“incrediblebiodiversityandecologicalimportance”可知，海洋暮光地帶是一個(gè)“隱藏的”世界，有著令人難以置信的生物多樣性和生態(tài)重要性。故選C項(xiàng)。SectionB(22分)Dircctions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustreadAGeorgeBarrisisnotjustanordinarycardesigner;heisavisionarywhotransformsvehiclesintocustom-craftedmasterpiecestailoredtohisclients’wildestimaginations.Sincetheearly1940s,hispioneeringcreationshavedominatedbothbigscreensandtheprivatecollectionsofHollywood’scelebrities.Attheageof7,GeorgeBarrisandhisbrotherreceiveda1925Buickfromtheirparents.Theymadechangestoit,repainteditandthensoldit.ThisexperiencesparkedBarris’lifelongpassionfortransformingautomobiles.Later,Georgestartedturningregularcarsintofastracingcars.Hollywoodsoonrecognizedhistalent,contractinghimin1958todesignhisfirstcustomvehicleforthefilmHighSchoolConfidential.ManyHollywoodstarsflockedtoBarris,demandingone-of-a-kindvehicles.ThelistofclientsincludesJohnWayne,ElvisPresley,theBeatles,FrankSinatraandmanyothers.CustomizingcarsbecamepopularafterWorldWarII,becausepeoplesoughtsomethingpersonaltoexpresstheirindividuality.Carclubsemerged,andtheappetitefornewvehiclesgrew,especiallyamongthewealthy.Thebigautomobilecompaniesdidnotventureintothismarket,leavingthefieldopentoindependentoperatorssuchasGeorgeBarrisandothers.However,nobodycouldmatchBarris’sskillinthisfield.Inthe1960s,BarriscreatedtheblackandredBatmobile,themostdistinctivecaroftheTVseriesbasedonthecomicbook.ForthehittelevisionshowTheMunsters,hetookthreeModelTFordsandskillfullycutandcombinedthemtocraftthefamily’suniquemodeoftransportation,theKoach.Thisvehiclefeaturedaninteriorthatwasspeciallydesignedtolooklikeacoffin(棺材),perfectlycapturingthegothicaesthetic(美學(xué))oftheshow.TheKoachquicklybecamecloselyassociatedwithTheMunsters,justastheBatmobilewaswithitsownseries.GeorgeBarrishasbeendesigningcarsforoversixdecades.Heisalegendinthecardesignbusiness,oftenreferredtoasthe“VanGogh”oftheautomobileindustry.At80,hissonanddaughterhavetakenovertheday-to-dayoperationsofthebusiness,buthestillactivelydesignscarsinhisstudio.36.WhatfirstledGeorgeBarrisandhisbrothertostartworkingoncars?A.TheambitiontodesigncarsforHollywood.BThefascinationwithcelebritycarcollections.C.Thepassionforturningregularcarsintoracecars.D.Theinspirationfromgettingacarasachildhoodgift.37.WhatwastheprimaryreasonfortheriseofcarcustomizationafterWorldWarII?A.TheriseofcarclubsdemandingexclusivedesignsB.TheinnovationsinautomotiveproductiontechnologyC.People’sgrowingappetitefordistinctiveself-expressionD.Post-wareconomicrecoveryboostingconsumerspending38.Theunderlinedphrase“VanGogh”isusedtoindicatethatGeorgeBarriswas________A.apioneerofabstractdesigns B.amasterofartisticinnovationsC.acreatorofpopculturesymbols D.apromoterofmainstreammodels39.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.CustomCarClubs:Post-WarBoominPopularityB.Hollywood’sGreatCarDesigner:GeorgeBarrisC.GeorgeBarris:ALegendinCustomCarInnovationD.ClassicCarDesigns:Batmobile&KoachHighlights【答案】36.D37.C38.B39.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了汽車改造大師喬治·巴里斯的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及他在汽車改造行業(yè)所取得的成就。【36題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Attheageof7,GeorgeBarrisandhisbrotherreceiveda1925Buickfromtheirparents.Theymadechangestoit,repainteditandthensoldit.ThisexperiencesparkedBarris’lifelongpassionfortransformingautomobiles.(7歲時(shí)，喬治·巴里斯和他的兄弟從父母那里得到了一輛1925年產(chǎn)的別克車。他們對(duì)它做了改動(dòng)，重新粉刷，然后賣掉了。這次經(jīng)歷激發(fā)了巴里斯對(duì)改造汽車的畢生熱情)”可知，作為童年禮物得到一輛汽車的靈感讓喬治·巴里斯和他的兄弟開始研究汽車。故選D。【37題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“CustomizingcarsbecamepopularafterWorldWarII,becausepeoplesoughtsomethingpersonaltoexpresstheirindividuality.Carclubsemerged,andtheappetitefornewvehiclesgrew,especiallyamongthewealthy.(第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，定制汽車開始流行起來，因?yàn)槿藗儗で笠恍﹤€(gè)性化的東西來表達(dá)他們的個(gè)性。汽車俱樂部出現(xiàn)了，對(duì)新車的需求也在增長，尤其是在富人中)”可知，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后汽車定制興起的主要原因是人們對(duì)與眾不同的自我表達(dá)的胃口越來越大。故選C。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inthe1960s,BarriscreatedtheblackandredBatmobile,themostdistinctivecaroftheTVseriesbasedonthecomicbook.ForthehittelevisionshowTheMunsters,hetookthreeModelTFordsandskillfullycutandcombinedthemtocraftthefamily’suniquemodeoftransportation,theKoach.Thisvehiclefeaturedaninteriorthatwasspeciallydesignedtolooklikeacoffin(棺材),perfectlycapturingthegothicaesthetic(美學(xué))oftheshow.(在20世紀(jì)60年代，巴里斯創(chuàng)造了黑色和紅色的蝙蝠車，這是根據(jù)漫畫改編的電視劇中最具特色的汽車。在熱門電視節(jié)目《明斯特一家》中，他拿了三輛T型福特，巧妙地將它們切割和組合，打造出這家人獨(dú)特的交通工具——科赫。這輛車的內(nèi)飾是特別設(shè)計(jì)的，看起來像一個(gè)棺材，完美地捕捉了這個(gè)節(jié)目的哥特式美學(xué))”以及最后一段“Heisalegendinthecardesignbusiness,oftenreferredtoasthe“VanGogh”oftheautomobileindustry.(他是汽車設(shè)計(jì)界的傳奇人物，常被稱為汽車行業(yè)的“梵高”)”可知，喬治·巴里斯一生中改造了許多汽車，有過很多汽車的創(chuàng)新，所以畫線的短語“梵高”是用來表示喬治·巴里斯是一位藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新大師。故選B。【39題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“GeorgeBarrisisnotjustanordinarycardesigner;heisavisionarywhotransformsvehiclesintocustom-craftedmasterpiecestailoredtohisclients’wildestimaginations.(喬治·巴里斯不僅僅是一位普通的汽車設(shè)計(jì)師；他是一個(gè)有遠(yuǎn)見的人，他把汽車改造成定制的杰作，以滿足客戶最瘋狂的想象)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了汽車改造大師喬治·巴里斯的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及他在汽車改造行業(yè)所取得的成就。可知，C選項(xiàng)“喬治·巴里斯：定制汽車創(chuàng)新的傳奇”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。BAbrain-computerinterface(BCI)isasystemthatdeterminesfunctionalintent—thedesiretochange,move,control,orinteractwithsomethinginyourenvironment—directlyfromyourbrainactivity.Inotherwords,BCIsallowyoutocontrolanapplicationoradeviceusingonlyyourmind.Whenitcomestomotorcontrol,ifwewanttointeractwithadeviceinourenvironment(e.g.alamp),wefirstdecidewhatwewanttodo(turnonthelamp),thenwecoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))andusethemusclesinourarms,legs,hands,feet,etc.,toperformthataction(reachoutwithyourfingerandpressthelampson/offswitch)andthenfinallythedevicerespondstothataction(thelampturnson).BCIsbypassthatmiddlestepofcoordinatingandusingyourmusclestoperformthedesiredaction,insteadusingacomputertoidentifytheintendedactionandthencontrollingtheapplicationofdevicedirectly.Abrain-computerinterface(BCI)functionsthroughaseriesofinterconnectedsteps.Initially,aspecializeddevicecapturesthebrain’selectricalactivity,providingrawdatathatreflectstheuser’sintentions.Thisdataisthensenttoacomputer,whichprocessesandanalyzesthesignalstodecodetheuser’sdesiredactions.Finally,theinterpretedinformationcontrolsanexternalapplicationordevice,allowingtheusertointeractsmoothly.Thisintegrationofmeasurement,analysis,andcontrolformsthebackboneofBCItechnology.AnotherimportantstepofaBCIisfeedback:thesystemmustsomehowlettheuserknowwhatdecisionorintendedactionthecomputerwasabletointerpret.Inourpreviousexample,thelampsuccessfullyturningonindicatestotheuserthattheBCIsuccessfullyidentifiedtheactiontheuserwanted.ProvidingfeedbackhelpstheuseradapttotheBCIsystem,learninghowtheycancontrolandadjusttheirbrainactivity,justaswecanlearntocoordinateandcontrolourmusclesandbodies.40.HowdoesaBCIdifferfrommotorcontrol?A.Itskipsphysicalperformanceviamuscles.B.Itrequiresstrongermusclemovements.C.Itcoordinatesavarietyofbodyparts.DItreliesentirelyonexternalsensors.41.WhatroledoesthecomputerplayinaBCIsystem?A.Measuringbrainactivitythroughsensors.B.Providingphysicalfeedbacktotheuser.C.ProcessingbrainsignalstoidentifyintentD.Replacingtheuser’sdecision-makingprocess.42.Whichstepintheillustrationhelpsusersadaptandconfirmtheirintendedaction?A.① B.② C.③ D.④【答案】40.A41.C42.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了腦機(jī)接口（BCI）的定義，工作原理、應(yīng)用和前景。【40題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“BCIsbypassthatmiddlestepofcoordinatingandusingyourmusclestoperformthedesiredaction,insteadusingacomputertoidentifytheintendedactionandthencontrollingtheapplicationofdevicedirectly.(BCIs繞過了協(xié)調(diào)和使用肌肉來執(zhí)行預(yù)期動(dòng)作的中間步驟，而是使用計(jì)算機(jī)識(shí)別預(yù)期動(dòng)作，然后直接控制設(shè)備的應(yīng)用)”可知，腦機(jī)接口（BCI）繞過了協(xié)調(diào)和使用肌肉來執(zhí)行期望動(dòng)作的中間步驟，而運(yùn)動(dòng)控制需要協(xié)調(diào)和使用肌肉來完成動(dòng)作，所以BCI與運(yùn)動(dòng)控制的不同在于它跳過了通過肌肉進(jìn)行的身體表現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【41題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Initially,aspecializeddevicecapturesthebrain’selectricalactivity,providingrawdatathatreflectstheuser’sintentions.Thisdataisthensenttoacomputer,whichprocessesandanalyzesthesignalstodecodetheuser’sdesiredactions.(起初，一個(gè)專門的設(shè)備捕捉大腦的電活動(dòng)，提供反映用戶意圖的原始數(shù)據(jù)。然后，這些數(shù)據(jù)被發(fā)送到計(jì)算機(jī)，計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)這些信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理和分析，以解碼用戶想要的動(dòng)作)”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)在BCI系統(tǒng)中的作用是處理大腦信號(hào)以識(shí)別意圖。故選C項(xiàng)。【42題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“AnotherimportantstepofaBCIisfeedback:thesystemmustsomehowlettheuserknowwhatdecisionorintendedactionthecomputerwasabletointerpret.Inourpreviousexample,thelampsuccessfullyturningonindicatestotheuserthattheBCIsuccessfullyidentifiedtheactiontheuserwanted.ProvidingfeedbackhelpstheuseradapttotheBCIsystem,learninghowtheycancontrolandadjusttheirbrainactivity,justaswecanlearntocoordinateandcontrolourmusclesandbodies.(BCI的另一個(gè)重要步驟是反饋：系統(tǒng)必須以某種方式讓用戶知道計(jì)算機(jī)能夠解釋的決定或預(yù)期動(dòng)作。在前面的示例中，燈成功打開向用戶表明BCI成功識(shí)別了用戶想要的操作。提供反饋可以幫助用戶適應(yīng)BCI系統(tǒng)，學(xué)習(xí)如何控制和調(diào)整大腦活動(dòng)，就像我們可以學(xué)習(xí)協(xié)調(diào)和控制我們的肌肉和身體一樣)”可知，反饋這一步驟幫助用戶適應(yīng)BCI系統(tǒng)并確認(rèn)他們的預(yù)期動(dòng)作，在圖示中，④表示外部設(shè)備（如燈）對(duì)用戶意圖的反應(yīng)，即反饋，所以④這一步驟幫助用戶適應(yīng)和確認(rèn)他們的預(yù)期動(dòng)作，D選項(xiàng)正確。①②③這三個(gè)步驟都不是反饋步驟，A、B、C錯(cuò)誤。故選D項(xiàng)。CThetechnologicalsingularity(技術(shù)奇點(diǎn))isatheoreticalscenariowheretechnologicalgrowthbecomesuncontrollableandirreversible,leadingtoprofoundandunpredictablechangestohumancivilization.Intheory,thisphenomenonisdrivenbytheemergenceofartificialintelligence(AI)thatsurpasseshumancognitive(認(rèn)知的)capabilitiesandcanautonomouslyenhanceitself.Thetheorysuggeststhatsuchadvancementscouldevolveatapacesorapidthathumanswouldbeunabletoforeseeorstoptheprocess.Theimplicationsofre