高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題之高中構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法目錄一知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)詞法的轉(zhuǎn)化法、合成法、混合法、縮略法、派生法、名詞后綴、動詞后綴和形容詞后綴二考點考法關(guān)于充當(dāng)句中各成分的最典型的詞類，請記住以下三條：1.作主語或賓語要用名詞；2.作定語、表語或補足語一般用形容詞；3.修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞，作狀語，用副詞。三真題回顧展現(xiàn)命題趨勢，明確考試目標四真題訓(xùn)練近幾年構(gòu)詞法高考專題訓(xùn)練五考情分析在近年高考中，直接體現(xiàn)在語法填空中的應(yīng)用主要有：給出形容詞提示詞，填寫副詞或名詞；給出動詞，填寫名詞或形容詞；給出名詞，填寫形容詞。然而，構(gòu)詞法不僅體現(xiàn)在語法填空中，而是廣泛分布在閱讀、完形等各種題型中。掌握構(gòu)詞法是快速拓展詞匯量，深入理解語篇的法寶。六模擬操練再次鞏固所掌握的知識點體系并能靈活應(yīng)用知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)1.轉(zhuǎn)化法動詞→名詞

Let’sgooutforawalk.我們出去散散步吧。(walk)名詞→動詞

WelunchedatWhite’s.

我們在懷特家吃午飯。(lunched)形容詞→動詞

Culturehasfurtheredtheadvanceoflanguage.文化促進了語言的發(fā)展。(hasfurthered)2.合成法合成名詞

如：bookmark(書簽)；guidebook(指南手冊)；workshop(研討會；車間)；sunset(日落)合成形容詞

如：lifelong(終身的；畢生的)；heartbreaking(令人心碎的)；absent-minded(心不在焉的)合成動詞

如：whitewash(用石灰水刷白)；overcome(戰(zhàn)勝)；overthrow(推翻)合成副詞

如：anyway(無論如何)；everywhere(到處)；however(盡管如此)；forever(永遠)合成介詞

如：inside(在……里)；outside(在……外)；throughout(遍及)；within(在……之內(nèi))3.混合法如：smog(smoke+fog)

煙霧；brunch(breakfast+lunch)

早午餐；newscast(news+broadcast)

新聞廣播;faction(fact+fiction)

紀實文學(xué)；sci-fi(science+fiction)

科幻小說；docudrama(document+drama)

紀實電影4.縮略法如：television→TV(讀字母音)電視;veryimportantperson→VIP(讀字母音)貴賓；TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFL(作為一個單詞讀音)托福

5.派生法1)前綴

表否定

1.dis-

如：ability→disability(無能力;

殘疾)；agree→disagree(意見不一致)；appear→disappear(消失)2.un-

如：dress→undress(除去……的衣服);lock→unlock(開鎖)；fold→unfold(展開；顯露)3.in-,il-,im-,ir-

如：accurate→inaccurate(不準確的);legal→illegal(不合法的)；polite→impolite(不禮貌的)；possible→impossible(不可能的);regular→irregular(不規(guī)則的)4.mis-

如：behave→misbehave(行為不端)；understand→misunderstand(誤解);fortune→misfortune(不幸)5.non-

如：anon-drinker不喝酒的人；non-existence不存在；non-smoking非吸煙(區(qū))6.表重復(fù)re-

如：arrange→rearrange(重新安排)；consider→reconsider(重新考慮)；

create→recreate(重現(xiàn)；重建)7.表動化en-

如：able→enable(使能夠)；large→enlarge(擴大)；rich→enrich(使充實)2)后綴

表示人

1.-er

如：buy→buyer(買主，購買者);design→designer(設(shè)計者)；dance→dancer(舞者)2.-or

如：act→actor(男演員);invent→inventor(發(fā)明者)；direct→director(指導(dǎo)者;

導(dǎo)演)3.-ee

如：employ→employee(受雇者,雇員);

interview→interviewee(被采訪者；被面試者)4.-ist

如：art→artist(藝術(shù)家，美術(shù)家);special→specialist(專家)；violin→violinist(小提琴演奏家)5.-ian

如：music→musician(音樂家;

樂師);politics→politician(政治家)6.-ant

如：account→accountant(會計)；assist→assistant(助手);serve→servant(仆人；傭人)7.-ess或woman如：god→goddess(女神)；poet→poetess(女詩人);

policeman→policewoman(女警察)2)名詞后綴1.-ness

如：awkward→awkwardness(笨拙;

尷尬)；careless→carelessness(粗心)2.-ment

如：achieve→achievement(成就;

達成);accomplish→accomplishment(成就；成績)3.-al

如：approve→approval(贊成;

批準)；arrive→arrival(到達)；survive→survival(存活；幸存)4.-tion

如：attract→attraction(吸引)；

collect→collection(收藏品)；connect→connection(聯(lián)系;

連接物)5.-(ss)ion

如：discuss→discussion(討論);express→expression(表情);admit→admission(入場費；準入)6.-ance

如：accept→acceptance(接受);appear→appearance(出現(xiàn);

外表);assist→assistance(幫助)7.-ence

如：depend→dependence(信賴,

依賴);differ→difference(差異);exist→existence(存在；生存)8.-ture

如：mix→mixture(混合；混合物);fail→failure(失敗;

沒做到);press→pressure(壓力)9.-y

如：recover→recovery(恢復(fù),

痊愈);deliver→delivery(遞送，投遞);discover→discovery(發(fā)現(xiàn))10.名詞后綴-(i)ty

如：electric→electricity(電);equal→equality(同等;

平等);safe→safety(安全)3).動詞后綴-en

如：length→lengthen(使)變長,

延伸;strength→strengthen(加強)；fright→frighten(恐嚇)4).形容詞后綴-en

如：gold→golden(金制的)；wood→wooden(木制的)考點考法關(guān)于充當(dāng)句中各成分的最典型的詞類，請記住以下三條：1.作主語或賓語要用名詞；2.作定語、表語或補足語一般用形容詞；3.修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞，作狀語，用副詞。1.Themansaidthathewas__________(mere)apasser-byandthathedidn’twatchtheaccident.(答案為merely)2.Somepeoplesaythatthisnewdiscoverymightchangethewholesociety__________(complete).(答案為completely)3.I’m_______________(true)sorrythatthingshadtoendlikethis.(答案為truly)4.Toour__________,theheadmasterwasvery___________withourreport.(satisfy)

(答案為satisfaction,satisfied)5.Weshouldformgoodeatinghabitsanddoproperexerciseinordertostay___________(health).(答案為healthy)真題回顧1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.【解析】此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語修飾謂語動詞achieve。故填eventually。2.(2021·全國乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome________(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe________(develop)ofthelocalareas.【解析】第一空在系動詞become后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，educated“受過教育的，有教養(yǎng)的”。第二空在冠詞the之后，應(yīng)用名詞development。3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Itwill________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!【解析】此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語修飾謂語動詞help，意為“無疑地”，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填undoubtedly。4.(2021·全國乙卷)Provide________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.【解析】設(shè)空處在名詞aid之前，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，financial“財政的”,

故填financial。5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingus________(astonish)．【解析】此句中含有“l(fā)eavesb/sth＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。賓語為us，應(yīng)用形容詞astonished作賓語補足語，說明人的感受，意為“吃驚的”,

故填astonished。6.(2021·全國甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir________(day)routines.【解析】句意：據(jù)說你可以在兩個小時內(nèi)完成，但我們在不同的大門和瞭望塔旁停下來拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M行他們的日常生活。名詞routines前面要用形容詞修飾，故填daily。7.(2020·北京高考)Oliversaysifyou're________(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemif/whetheryoucanjoininwhenit'spossible.【解析】設(shè)空前有be動詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語。故填lucky。8.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.【解析】句意：在18和19世紀，富人旅行并收集植物、歷史文物和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞people，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。故填wealthy。9.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)ChineseNewYearisa________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.【解析】不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填celebration。10.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)________(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.【解析】句意：當(dāng)然，在假日期間，這種植物是必需品。此處用副詞修飾整個句子，且句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Certainly。

11.(2020年全國Ⅰ卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular__________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.

【解析】句意：月球背面令科學(xué)家尤其感興趣……。此處為“be+of+n.”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于“be+adj.”，故填名詞interest。12.(2020年全國Ⅰ卷)

Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis___________(extreme)challenging.

【解析】考查副詞。修飾形容詞challenging應(yīng)用副詞，故填extremely。13.(2020年全國Ⅱ卷)The__________(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.

【解析】與long并列修飾名詞branches，應(yīng)用形容詞，故填beautiful。14.(2020年全國Ⅲ卷)Filledwith___________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

【解析】作介詞with的賓語，用名詞，故填curiosity。15.(2019年全國Ⅰ卷)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___________(poor)studied.【解析】修飾動詞studied作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞，意為“研究很少”，故填poorly。16.(2019年全國Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa___________

(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.【解析】前面的不定冠詞提示我們，空格處應(yīng)填名詞，故填belief。17.(2019年全國Ⅱ卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave___________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.

【解析】修飾動詞havebeenacknowledged，應(yīng)用副詞，故填finally。18.(2019年全國Ⅱ卷)Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s____________(wonder).【解析】在系動詞is后作表語應(yīng)用形容詞,

故填wonderful。19.(2019年全國Ⅲ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting____________(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.【解析】由空格前的不定冠詞an及形容詞interesting可知，空格處應(yīng)該填名詞，故填competition。20.(2019年全國Ⅲ卷)Theyalsosharedwithusmany___________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere___________(huge)popularwithtourists.【解析】修飾名詞stories應(yīng)用形容詞，故填traditional；修飾形容詞popular應(yīng)用副詞，故填hugely。21.(2018年全國Ⅰ卷)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways___________

(energy).

【解析】作表語要用形容詞，energetic表示“精力旺盛的，充滿活力的”，故填energetic。22.(2018年全國Ⅱ卷)Atasteformeatis___________

(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.

【解析】修飾動詞is作狀語，用副詞，故填actually。23.(2018年全國Ⅱ卷)Thisswitchhasdecreased___________(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

【解析】作動詞decreased的賓語，用名詞，故填pollution。24.(2018年全國Ⅱ卷)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal_______(globe)fertilizerconsumption.

【解析】在名詞短語fertilizerconsumption前作定語要用形容詞，意為“全球的化肥消耗量”，故填global。25.(2018年全國Ⅰ卷)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto_________

(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.

【解析】句意：為了避免肌肉疼痛，你可以在柔軟的路面上跑步，做運動來增強腿部肌肉……?？仗帪楸硎灸康牡牟欢ㄊ剑皌o+動詞原形”，故填動詞形式strengthen，意為“增強，強化”。26.(2018年全國Ⅲ卷)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma__________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.

【解析】句意：我的名字是MireyaMayor。我是一名研究大猩猩和猴子之類的動物的科學(xué)家。根據(jù)句意及空格前的冠詞a可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞，表示“科學(xué)家”，故填scientist。27.(2017全國Ⅰ卷)However,be________(care)nottogotoextremes.【解析】作表語要用形容詞，句意為：小心別走極端，故填careful。28.(2017全國Ⅱ卷)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe____________

(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.

【解析】作介詞的賓語要用名詞以及在冠詞the后要用名詞，表示“采用，引入”，故填introduction。29.(2017全國Ⅱ卷)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost___________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.【解析】themost后要加形容詞表最高級，故填successful?？记榉治鲈诮旮呖贾校苯芋w現(xiàn)在語法填空中的應(yīng)用主要有：給出形容詞提示詞，填寫副詞或名詞；給出動詞，填寫名詞或形容詞；給出名詞，填寫形容詞。然而，構(gòu)詞法不僅體現(xiàn)在語法填空中，而是廣泛分布在閱讀、完形等各種題型中。掌握構(gòu)詞法是快速拓展詞匯量，深入理解語篇的法寶。模擬操練1.(2023屆江蘇無錫期中調(diào)研)The___________(tradition)valuesofkungfu,actually,areinthemindsofallChinesepeople.【解析】修飾名詞values應(yīng)用形容詞，故填traditional。2.(2023屆貴州遵義期中考試)Ontheirroadback,theservicemenwereoverwhelmedbylocalresidents’_______(warm).【解析】在名詞所有格residents’后應(yīng)接名詞，故填warmth。3.(2023屆河南洛平許濟一檢)Thedolphin’s_________(able)topleasehumanshasmadeitoneofourfavouritesintheanimalkingdom.【解析】根據(jù)名詞所有格dolphin’s可知，應(yīng)用名詞形式，表示“能力”。4.(2023屆山東泰安期中考試)Studentsneedtomakerealeffortswhentakinglabourcourses,sotheycan________(real)cultivate(培養(yǎng))virtuesofstrongwillpower,perseveranceandteamwork.【解析】修飾動詞cultivate用副詞，意為“真正地”，故填really。5.Tryingtomotivateyourselfinawaythatisn’t_________(attract)toyouwillmakeitdifficulttoconvinceyourselftowork.【解析】作表語用形容詞，故填attractive。6.(2023屆江蘇常州期中考試)“Idon’twanttoparticipateatallinthemachinethat’sgoingto_________(cheap)whatIdo,”saidDanielDanger.【解析】因begoingto后接動詞原形，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“使降價；使貶值”，故填cheapen。7.(2023屆廣西北海一模)Atfirst,thefarmersmisunderstandthe___________(intend)ofChengRan,oneoftheofficials,butthentheybecomefriends.【解析】作動詞misunderstand的賓語，或在定冠詞the和介詞of之間用名詞形式，意為“意圖”，故填intention。8.(2023屆廣東廣州階段訓(xùn)練)Theseheritagesites__________(effective)protectedChina’srepresentativegeologicalrelics,mountains,forestsandlakes.【解析】修飾動詞protected應(yīng)用副詞，故填effectively。9.(2023屆重慶11月調(diào)研)Timemaylimitourabilitytokeepsocialties,butourdesireforsocialcommunicationis_______(limit).【解析】在系動詞is后作表語，用形容詞。由but可知，與前文“時間可能會限制我們保持社會聯(lián)系的能力”相對，表示“但我們對社會交流的渴望是無限的”，故填limitless。10.(2023屆江蘇徐州期中考試)Aspartofthishistoricbreakthrough,theregionhasbeenmakingeffortstoenhancetheprotectionandinheritanceofethnicsportsandthe_____________(develop)ofoutdoorsports.【解析】作動詞enhance的賓語，或在定冠詞the和介詞of之間用名詞形式，表示“戶外運動的發(fā)展”，故填development。11.(2023屆山東煙臺期中考試)ProfessorYangLeiandZhangLiangdiscussedChinesepoetryandpaintingwhileDaiJingangexposedtheaudiencetothecharm(魅力)oftraditionalChinesemedicineandthe_________(wise)ofhealthpreservation.【解析】在定冠詞the和介詞of之間用名詞形式，表示“智慧”。12.(2023屆江蘇蘇州期中調(diào)研)InSouthChina,thereisacustom__________(popular)knownas“havingQiucai(anautumnvegetable)ontheAutumnEquinoxday”.【解析】修飾known應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，故填popularly。13.(2023屆四川綿陽一診)Now,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevarietyhavereacheda________(high)ofabout30cm.【解析】作動詞havereached的賓語，或在冠詞a和介詞of之間，應(yīng)用名詞，故填height。14.(2023屆河北保定期中測試)Amongtheexcavatedartifacts(出土文物),acompletegoldmaskabout10gramsin________(weigh),37.2centimeterswide,and16.5centimetershighwasunearthedfromNo.3Pitafewdaysago.【解析】作介詞in的賓語應(yīng)用名詞，故填weight。15.(2023屆遼寧沈陽期中考試)EmergingevidenceinhumanssuggeststheWesternhigh-fatandhighsugarjunkfooddietcanquickly_________(weak)yourbrain’sappetitecontrol.【解析】在情態(tài)動詞can后應(yīng)用動詞，故填weaken。16.(2023屆山東德州期中考試)Manyclimbingenthusiastsliketospendawholenightreachingitspeaktorecorditsbeautifulsunriseandenjoythehotspringfor__________(relax).【解析】作介詞for的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，故填relaxation。17.(2023屆四川瀘州一診)Throughtheparticipationofagreaternumberofonlineusers,whogrowvirtualtrees,theSEEFoundationhasbeenprovidingsubsidieswhileoffering___________(power)supportintechnologyfordesertareas.【解析】修飾名詞support，用形容詞作定語，故填powerful。18.(2023屆浙江湖州、麗水、衢州質(zhì)檢)Overthenext30years,videogamesexplodedin_____________(popular).Moreandmorecountries,suchasSouthKorea,ChinaandtheUnitedStates,startedtodevelopeSportsintoanindustry.【解析】作介詞in的賓語，用名詞形式，意為“受歡迎；流行”，故填popularity。19.(2023屆河南焦作期中考試)SunMoonLakeislocatedinthecentralregionofTaiwan.Itcoversanareaof7.7squarekilometersandhasanaveragewater_______(deep)of40meters.【解析】作動詞has的賓語，應(yīng)填名詞形式depth，adepthof意為“深度為……”，故填depth。20.(2023屆重慶11月調(diào)研)Inthepast,friendshipswere

________(great)limitedbytime,spaceandattention.【解析】修飾動詞werelimited，用副詞作狀語，故填greatly。21.(2023年1月浙江卷)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby__________(space)homesandwalledgardens.【解析】修飾名詞homes，用形容詞作定語，表示“寬敞的”，故填spacious。22.(2023屆四川資陽一診)Thosepassageways,withatotallengthof59kilometers,enableantelopes(羚羊)andotheranimalstogoacrosstherailway_______(free).【解析】修飾動詞go，用副詞作狀語，表示“自由地”，故填freely。23.PlasticlabeledBPA-freemightuseotherchemicalsthathave_________(harm)healtheffects.【解析】在名詞前作定語，意為“有害健康的化學(xué)物質(zhì)”，用harm的形容詞形式harmful。24.(2023屆河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)Inadditionto__________(extreme)largeamountsofmanualwork,technologyalsoprovidesaprotectivebarrierforthecitywall.【解析】修飾形容詞large，用副詞作狀語，故填extremely。25.Thankstothehotanddryclimatethatresultsfrombeingsurroundedbythedesert,hugequantitiesoflargeand_________(juice)grapeswithverythinskinsareproduced.【解析】修飾名詞grapes作定語，應(yīng)用形容詞，故填juicy。26.(2023屆山東德州期中考試)TheQinlingpandaisdistinguishedbyits__________(slight)smallersizeandfurthatisbrownratherthanblack.【解析】修飾形容詞smaller應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，故填slightly。27.Robotsarealsoabletoworkin____________(danger)situations.【解析】修飾名詞situations應(yīng)用形容詞，故填dangerous。28.(2023屆廣東大灣區(qū)一模)Otheractivitiesduringthefestival__________(main)includesweepingdustandmakingChinesepapercutsforwindowdecoration.【解析】修飾動詞include應(yīng)用副詞，故填mainly。29.It’sobviousthatthisserviceis_____________(convenience)totheold,especiallytothedisabledcustomers.【解析】作表語用形容詞，故填convenient。30.(2023屆江蘇鹽城期中考試)Theefficiencyofwateruseintheareaisamongthehighest_________(global),saidanofficialattheadministrativecommitteeofBeijingE-Town.【解析】修飾介詞短語amongthehighest，用副詞作狀語，故填globally。31.ThestructuralprinciplesofChinesearchitecturehaveremainedlargely___________(change),themainchangesbeingonlythedecorativedetails.【解析】因remained在此處是系動詞，由后面的only可知是沒有變化，故填形容詞unchanged。32.(2023屆河南洛平許濟一檢)Butwhiledolphinsshowsuchfriendlinesstowardshumans,__________(unlucky),humansdon’treturnthefavour.Pollutionandfishingnetsaretwooftheterribledangerstheyface.【解析】修飾整個句子作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞，故填unluckily。33.“Thisisimportanttohelptargeteffortstoreducedepression,whichmakesitmuchharderforpeopletoadopt

________(health)lifestylehabits,”saidDrJessTyrrell.【解析】修飾名詞lifestylehabits應(yīng)用形容詞，故填healthy。34.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis____________(responsibility)forlearningthematerialassigned.【解析】系動詞后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語，故填responsible。35.(2023屆四川資陽一診)Basedonyearsof__________(science)observationofwildlifemigrationintheregion,thebridgewasbuiltwiththepurposeofreducingthehighway’seffectontheanimals.【解析】在名詞observation前作定語，用形容詞，表示“科學(xué)觀察”，故填scientific。36.DragonisabeliefofChinesenationanda_______(gold)Chineseelement(元素).【解析】修飾名詞element需用形容詞，故填golden。37.(2023屆山東濟南期中考試)___________(hopeful),thedonatedbookswillopenanewwindowofunderstandingofChinesec