2025年英語翻譯資格考試筆譯模擬試卷：醫(yī)學英語翻譯難點解析試題考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、醫(yī)學英語專業(yè)詞匯翻譯要求：將下列醫(yī)學英語專業(yè)詞匯翻譯成中文。1.hemodynamics2.thrombosis3.myocardialinfarction4.antibiotic5.immunosuppression6.osteoporosis7.dyspnea8.hypertension9.anemia10.diabetesmellitus二、醫(yī)學英語長句翻譯要求：將下列醫(yī)學英語長句翻譯成中文。1.Thepatientpresentswithahistoryofprogressiveshortnessofbreathoverthepastfewmonths,whichhasbeenworseningrecently.2.Itisessentialtocloselymonitorthepatient'svitalsignsandlaboratoryvaluestodetectanysignsofinfectionordeteriorationinthepatient'scondition.3.Thepatientwasadmittedtothehospitalwithadiagnosisofchronickidneydisease,stage3,andiscurrentlyondialysistreatment.4.Thepatient'ssymptomsofchroniccoughandsputumproductionhavebeenpresentforseveralyearsandhavebeengraduallyworsening.5.Thepatient'sfamilyhistoryissignificantforastrongpredispositiontocoronaryarterydisease,andhehasbeenadvisedtoundergoregularcardiacscreening.6.Thepatientwasreferredtothehospitalwithachiefcomplaintofchestpain,whichwasdescribedasasharp,piercingsensationlocatedinthecenterofthechest.7.Thepatienthasahistoryofallergicrhinitisandasthma,whichhavebeenwell-controlledwithmedication.8.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithend-stagerenaldiseaseandiscurrentlyreceivinghemodialysistreatmentthreetimesaweek.9.Thepatientwasadmittedtotheemergencydepartmentwithasuddenonsetofsevereheadache,nausea,andvomiting,whichpromptedimmediateevaluation.10.Thepatienthasahistoryofchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseandisexperiencingincreasingshortnessofbreath,whichisexacerbatedbyexposuretocoldair.四、醫(yī)學英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析要求：分析下列醫(yī)學英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并指出主語、謂語、賓語和定語等成分。1.Thepatient'ssymptomsofchroniccoughandsputumproductionhavebeenpresentforseveralyearsandhavebeengraduallyworsening.2.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithend-stagerenaldiseaseandiscurrentlyondialysistreatment.3.Thepatientwasadmittedtothehospitalwithachiefcomplaintofchestpain,whichwasdescribedasasharp,piercingsensationlocatedinthecenterofthechest.4.Thepatient'sfamilyhistoryissignificantforastrongpredispositiontocoronaryarterydisease,andhehasbeenadvisedtoundergoregularcardiacscreening.5.Thepatienthasahistoryofallergicrhinitisandasthma,whichhavebeenwell-controlledwithmedication.6.Thepatient'svitalsignswerestable,withabloodpressureof120/80mmHg,aheartrateof72beatsperminute,andarespiratoryrateof16breathsperminute.7.Thepatientwasreferredtothehospitalwithasuddenonsetofsevereheadache,nausea,andvomiting,whichpromptedimmediateevaluation.8.Thepatient'sphysicalexaminationrevealedalarge,painfullumpontherightsideoftheneck,whichwasindicativeofathyroidnodule.9.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithtype2diabetesmellitus,anddietarymodificationsandexercisewererecommendedaspartofthetreatmentplan.10.Thepatientwasadvisedtoavoidexposuretosecondhandsmoke,asithasbeenshowntoexacerbaterespiratorysymptomsinindividualswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease.五、醫(yī)學英語翻譯技巧應(yīng)用要求：根據(jù)所學醫(yī)學英語翻譯技巧，將下列句子翻譯成中文，并說明所應(yīng)用的翻譯技巧。1.Thepatienthasahistoryofhypertension,whichhasbeenwell-controlledwithantihypertensivemedication.翻譯：患者有高血壓病史，經(jīng)過抗高血壓藥物治療，血壓得到良好控制。翻譯技巧：直譯2.Thepatientwasfoundtohaveasignificantelevationinliverenzymesduringtheinitialworkup.翻譯：在初步檢查中，發(fā)現(xiàn)患者的肝酶水平顯著升高。翻譯技巧：轉(zhuǎn)換法3.Thepatient'sconditionhasbeenrefractorytotreatment,necessitatingamoreaggressiveapproach.翻譯：患者的病情對治療不敏感，需要采取更為激進的方法。翻譯技巧：增譯法4.Thepatientwasdischargedfromthehospitalwithinstructionstofollowupwithaprimarycarephysicianforfurtherevaluation.翻譯：患者出院時，醫(yī)生指示患者隨訪初級保健醫(yī)師以進行進一步評估。翻譯技巧：省譯法5.Thepatient'ssymptomsresolvedfollowingtheadministrationofintravenousantibiotics.翻譯：患者在接受靜脈注射抗生素治療后，癥狀得到緩解。翻譯技巧：直譯6.Thepatientwasadmittedwithachiefcomplaintofpalpitations,whichwereattributedtoanxiety.翻譯：患者因心悸入院，心悸被歸因于焦慮。翻譯技巧：直譯7.Thepatient'slaboratorytestswereunremarkable,withtheexceptionofanelevatedbloodglucoselevel.翻譯：患者的實驗室檢查結(jié)果無異常，除了血糖水平升高。翻譯技巧：直譯8.Thepatient'sconditionimprovedsignificantlyfollowingtheadministrationofcorticosteroids.翻譯：患者在接受皮質(zhì)類固醇治療后，病情顯著改善。翻譯技巧：直譯9.Thepatientwasadvisedtoavoidhigh-sodiumfoods,asthismaycontributetothedevelopmentofhypertension.翻譯：醫(yī)生建議患者避免高鈉食物，因為這可能導(dǎo)致高血壓的發(fā)展。翻譯技巧：直譯10.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithapulmonaryembolismandwasstartedonanticoagulanttherapyimmediately.翻譯：患者被診斷為肺栓塞，并立即開始抗凝治療。翻譯技巧：直譯本次試卷答案如下：一、醫(yī)學英語專業(yè)詞匯翻譯1.血液動力學2.血栓形成3.心肌梗死4.抗生素5.免疫抑制6.骨質(zhì)疏松癥7.呼吸困難8.高血壓9.貧血10.糖尿病二、醫(yī)學英語長句翻譯1.患者在過去幾個月內(nèi)出現(xiàn)進行性呼吸困難，最近癥狀有所加重。2.嚴密監(jiān)測患者的生命體征和實驗室指標，以檢測任何感染或病情惡化的跡象至關(guān)重要。3.患者因慢性腎臟病3期入院，目前正在接受透析治療。4.患者的慢性咳嗽和痰液產(chǎn)生癥狀已存在數(shù)年，且逐漸加重。5.患者的家族史顯示有冠狀動脈疾病的高度易感性，并被建議進行定期的心臟篩查。6.患者主訴胸痛，描述為位于胸中心部的尖銳、刺痛感。7.患者有過敏性鼻炎和哮喘病史，這些癥狀通過藥物治療得到了良好控制。8.患者因終末期腎病入院，目前正在接受每周三次的透析治療。9.患者因突發(fā)劇烈頭痛、惡心和嘔吐入院，這促使立即進行評估。10.患者有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病史，且在接觸冷空氣時呼吸困難加重。四、醫(yī)學英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析1.主語：Thepatient'ssymptomsofchroniccoughandsputumproduction；謂語：havebeenpresent；賓語：forseveralyearsandhavebeengraduallyworsening；定語：ofchroniccoughandsputumproduction2.主語：Thepatient；謂語：wasdiagnosed；賓語：withend-stagerenaldisease；定語：withend-stagerenaldisease3.主語：Thepatient；謂語：wasadmitted；賓語：tothehospital；定語：withachiefcomplaintofchestpain4.主語：Thepatient'sfamilyhistory；謂語：issignificant；賓語：forastrongpredispositiontocoronaryarterydisease；定語：forastrongpredispositiontocoronaryarterydisease5.主語：Thepatient；謂語：hasahistory；賓語：ofallergicrhinitisandasthma；定語：ofallergicrhinitisandasthma6.主語：Thepatient'svitalsigns；謂語：werestable；賓語：withabloodpressureof120/80mmHg,aheartrateof72beatsperminute,andarespiratoryrateof16breathsperminute；定語：withabloodpressureof120/80mmHg,aheartrateof72beatsperminute,andarespiratoryrateof16breathsperminute7.主語：Thepatient；謂語：wasreferred；賓語：tothehospital；定語：withasuddenonsetofsevereheadache,nausea,andvomiting8.主語：Thepatient'sphysicalexamination；謂語：revealed；賓語：alarge,painfullumpontherightsideoftheneck；定語：alarge,painfullumpontherightsideoftheneck9.主語：Thepatient；謂語：wasdiagnosed；賓語：withtype2diabetesmellitus；定語：withtype2diabetesmellitus10.主語：Thepatient；謂語：wasadvised；賓語：toavoidexposuretosecondhandsmoke；定語：toavoidexposuretosecondhandsmoke五、醫(yī)學英語翻譯技巧應(yīng)用1.翻譯：患者有高血壓病史，經(jīng)過抗高血壓藥物治療，血壓得到良好控制。翻譯技巧：直譯解析：直譯是將原文直接翻譯成目標語言，不改變原文的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。此處將“historyofhypertension”直譯為“高血壓病史”。2.翻譯：在初步檢查中，發(fā)現(xiàn)患者的肝酶水平顯著升高。翻譯技巧：轉(zhuǎn)換法解析：轉(zhuǎn)換法是將原文中的某些成分或結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成目標語言中相應(yīng)的成分或結(jié)構(gòu)。此處將“elevationinliverenzymes”轉(zhuǎn)換成“肝酶水平升高”。3.翻譯：患者的病情對治療不敏感，需要采取更為激進的方法。翻譯技巧：增譯法解析：增譯法是在翻譯過程中增加一些詞匯或短語，以使譯文更加通順和符合目標語言的表達習慣。此處增加“需要”以使句子更加完整。4.翻譯：患者出院時，醫(yī)生指示患者隨訪初級保健醫(yī)師以進行進一步評估。翻譯技巧：省譯法解析：省譯法是在翻譯過程中省略一些不必要的詞匯或短語，以使譯文更加簡潔。此處省略“withinstructions”以使句子更加簡潔。5.翻譯：患者在接受靜脈注射抗生素治療后，癥狀得到緩解。翻譯技巧：直譯解析：直譯是將原文直接翻譯成目標語言，不改變原文的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。此處將“followingtheadmin