RoyaltyUNIT6FuntimeLearningobjectivesMoviekaleidoscopeCulturelinksMoviebasicsTestyourselfUnit6RoyaltyLearningobjectivesTohaveadeepunderstandingofthecomingoftheconstitutionalmonarchysystem1RoyaltyTounderstandtheresponsibilitiesandprivilegesofbeingamonarch2TohaveageneralideaoftheoutstandingmonarchsinBritishhistory3SectionATheQueenMovieBasicsTrailerMatchingCriticism&AwardsTrailer

Ideclarebeforeyouallthatmywholelife,whetheritbelongorshort,shallbedevotedtoyourserviceandtheserviceofourgreatimperialfamilytowhichweallbelong.

—ElizabethIIMatchingElizabethIIPhilipCharlesWilliamPrincePrinceConsortCrownPrinceQueenMovieProfilesGenre:

biography,drama,historyDirector:StephenFrearsStarring:

HelenMirrenMichaelSheenRunningTime:103minutesReleaseYear:2006Country:theUnitedKingdomThefilm’sreleasecoincidedwitharevivaloffavorablepublicsentimentinrespecttothemonarchyandadownturninfortunesforBlair.TheQueengarneredgeneralcriticalandpopularacclaimforMirreninthetitlerole,whichearnedhernumerousawards,includingtheAcademyAwardforBestActress.TheQueenhelpedMirrenwintwoimportantawards:BestActressin2006AcademyAwardsandActressinaLeadingRolein2006BritishAcademyFilm(BAFTA)Awards.MirrenwasalsopraisedbytheQueenherselfandwasinvitedtodinneratBuckinghamPalace.Criticism&Awards1.

QueensintheBritishhistory2.ElizabethIIandherPMs3.ConstitutionalMonarchy4.Monarch’sDutyandPrivileges

CultureLinksItisgenerallyagreedthattherearealtogethersixqueensinBritishhistory,namelyMaryI,ElizabethI,MaryII,QueenAnne,QueenVictoriaandElizabethII.ItmightbenotacoincidencethatBritainprospersduringthereignoftheQueen.

QueensintheBritishhistoryJaneGreywasthecousinofKingEdwardVIanddaughter-in-lawofaDuke.ShewasdethronedandbeheadednextFebruaryatageof17.QueensintheBritishhistoryLadyJaneGreyisactuallythefirstfemalerulerinBritishhistory.AfterthedeathofhercousinonJuly6,1553,thesonofHenryVIII,shemountedthethroneandbecametheactualfirstQueenalthoughshewasonlyinpowerfor13days.Nevertheless,sheisnotuniversallyacceptedtobethefirstqueeninhistorybooks.

MaryIisnormallyregardedasthefirstQueeninBritishhistory.MaryIwastheonlydaughterofHenryVIIIandhisfirstwifeCatherineofAragontosurvivetoadulthood.ShebecamethefirstqueenregnantofEnglandfrom1553to1558afterthedeathofherhalf-brotherEdwardVI.

QueensintheBritishhistoryMaryIwasdescribedascourageousandstubborn.Hercharacterwasmouldedbyherearlyyears.HerexecutionsofProtestantsledtotheposthumoussobriquet“BloodyMary”.ElizabethI,alsocalledQueenofVirgin,wasoneofthegreatestdictatorsinBritishhistory.Her45-yearreign(1558-1603)isgenerallyconsideredoneofthemostgloriousinBritishhistory.Duringherreign,Englandadvancedinsuchareasasforeigntrade,exploration,literatureandthearts,andtheageofexplorationbegan:claimingnewlandsforEnglandandintroducingnewmaterialsandfoods.QueensintheBritishhistoryElizabethI,thelastTudormonarch,wasthedaughterofHenryVIIIandhissecondwife,AnneBoleyn.MaryIIwastheeldestdaughterofJamesII.At15Shemarriedhercousin,PrinceofHolland.SheruledEnglandwithherhusbandWilliamfrom1689to1694.WilliamandMary,bothProtestants,becameKingandQueenregnantfollowingtheGloriousRevolution,whichresultedintheadoptionoftheEnglishBillofRights(《權(quán)利法案)》)andthedepositionofherRomanCatholicfather,JamesII.WilliamandMaryhadnochildren.QueensintheBritishhistoryMaryIIandQueenAnneweresisters,boththedaughtersofJamesII.QueensintheBritishhistoryQueenAnnebecameBritain’sfourthqueenin1702afterthedeathofherbrother-in-lawWilliam.Annewasplaguedbyillhealththroughoutherlife.AnnewasmarriedtoGeorgeofDenmark;thoughitwasanarrangedmarriage,theywerefaithfulanddevotedpartners.ItwasduringherreignthatEnglandandScotlandgotunitedasone.QueenVictoriawasthegreat-great-grandmotherofElizabethII,thecurrentrulingqueenoftheUK.Duringherreign(1837-1901),GreatBritainwasa“constitutionalmonarchy”andthusthesovereignheldrelativelylittledirectpoliticalpower.Herreignof63yearsandsevenmonthsisknownastheVictorianera.Itwasaperiodofindustrial,cultural,political,scientific,andmilitarychangewithintheUnitedKingdom,andwasmarkedbyagreatexpansionoftheBritishEmpire—“Empirethatthesunneversets”.QueensintheBritishhistoryElizabethII,istheelderdaughterofKingGeorgeVI.Thecoronation(加冕禮)ofQueenElizabethIIasmonarchoftheUnitedKingdom,Canada,Australia,NewZealand,SouthAfrica,PakistanandCeylontookplaceon2June1953atWestminsterAbbey.

Queens

in

the

British

historyShemarriedPhilip,DukeofEdinburghatWestminsterAbbeyandtheirmarriagehaslastedmorethan70years.Theyhavefourchildren,threeprinces—Charles,Andrew,EdwardandoneprincessAnne.On10September,2015,shebroketherecordofQueenVictoriaandbecamethelongestrulingmonarchinBritishhistory.InOctober2016,ElizabethIIbecamethelongestcurrentlyreigningmonarchandheadofstate.QueensintheBritishhistoryElizabethII&herPMs

Sinceherascendingthethronein1952,QueenElizabethII,sofar,hasappointed13PrimeMinisters,fromWinstonChurchilltoTeresaMay.ElizabethII&herPMs1stPM:SirWinstonChurchill2ndPM:SirAnthonyEden3rdPM:HaroldMacmillan4thPM:SirAlecDouglas-Home5thPM:HaroldWilson6thPM:EdwardHeath7thPM:JamesCallaghan8thPM:MargaretThatcher9thPM:JohnMajor10thPM:TonyBlair11thPM:GordonBrown12thPM:DavidCameron13th:TheresaMayConstitutional

MonarchyTheUnitedKingdomandtheotherCommonwealthrealmsareallconstitutionalmonarchiesintheWestminstersystemofconstitutionalgovernance.Constitutionalmonarch(kingorqueen)actsasanon-partypoliticalheadofstateundertheconstitution,whetherwrittenorunwritten.Monarchmayholdformalauthorityandthegovernmentmaylegallyoperateinthemonarch’sname.Howdoesconstitutionalmonarchycomeintobeing?Constitutional

MonarchyInthe13thcenturyduringthereignofKingJohn,lordsaredissatisfiedwiththeheavytaxesandarmyservicesimposed,sotheycompelledtheKingtosigntheMagnaCarta《大憲章》ortheGreatCharter.TheMagnaCartacontains63clauses.Althoughitwasmadefortheinterestoftheprivilegedclass,itdidgrantthetownspeoplefreedomoftradeandself-government.Kingcouldnotlevypaymentwithouttheconsentofthevassals.Inthissense,theMagnaCartaisregardedasthefoundationoftheBritishconstitutionalism.TheMagnaCartawasadocumentthatfirstlyforcedanEnglishKinginanattempttolimithispoweraswellasprotecttheBarons’privileges.KingHenryIwasthefirstmonarchwhovoluntarilystatedthathispowerwasunderthelaw.Constitutional

MonarchyTheGloriousRevolutionof1688ledtoaconstitutionalmonarchyrestrictedbylawssuchastheBillofRights1689andtheActofSettlement1701.Aftertherevolution,modernBritishParliamentarydemocracycommenced,neversincehasthemonarchheldabsolutepower,andtheBillofRightshasbecomeoneofthemostimportantdocumentinthepoliticalhistoryofBritain.Since1689,governmentunderasystemofconstitutionalmonarchyinEngland,andlatertheUnitedKingdomhasbeenuninterrupted.Sincethen,Parliament’spowerhassteadilyincreasedwhiletheCrown’shassteadilydeclined.Constitutional

MonarchyInthelong-timedevelopmentofcivilization,eventuallyEnglandemployedconstitutionalmonarchyasitspoliticalsystem,aresultofitspoliticalcultureandhistoricalreasons.∞PoliticaltraditionRomawasnotbuiltovernight.ThebourgeoisandtheCrowntrytostrikeabalanceviathesystem.∞NationalpsychologyTheEnglishNationisastableandlegalisticpeople.Inthelongcourseofhistoricaldevelopment,theyformedlegaltraditionandtheideaofloyalty.Theyheldfullrespecttotheirmajesty.Constitutional

Monarchy“TheQueenreigns,butshedoesnotrule.”Asthecurrentmonarch,QueenElizabethIIisHeadofState,HeadoftheArmedForces,andHeadoftheEnglandChurch.Asaresult,QueenElizabethappointsministers,judges,diplomats,bishops,governorsandsomeofficersinthearmedforces.SheisheadoftheexecutivebranchofgovernmentinGreatBritainandmustofficiallyassenttoaBillfromParliamentinordertomakeitbecomealaw.

UndertheBritishconstitution,executiveauthoritylieswiththemonarch;however,incurrentpractice,thisauthorityisexercisedonlyby,orontheadviceof,thePrimeMinisterandtheCabinet.ConstitutionalMonarchyDutiesandPrivilegesofBritishMonarchTheQueenalsobearsresponsibilitiesandshehastocarryoutgovernmentduties,too.EverydaypilesofdocumentsaredeliveredtothedeskoftheQueenwaitingtobereadorsignedifnecessary.TheQueenrepresentsthenationattimesofgreatcelebrationorsorrow,suchastheopeningceremonyof2012LondonOlympicGames,RemembranceDay(英聯(lián)邦陣亡將士紀念日)ceremonyeachyearinWhitehall.Queen’sChristmasmessageisbroadcastannuallywiththeexceptionof1967sincesheascendedthethronein1952.Allthingsapart,theQueenspendsahugeamountoftimetravellingaroundthecountryvisitinghospitals,schools,factoriesandotherplacesandorganizations.DutiesTheQueendoesenjoysomeprivileges:she’scompletelyimmunefromprosecution;

shedoesn’thavetopaytaxforhersalaryandincomethoughshevoluntarilybeganpayingherfairsharein1992;sheistheonlypersonintheUK

whodoesn’tlegallyneedalicensenumberoranumberplate;shecelebratestwobirthdayseachyear,oneinAprilandtheofficialoneinJune.

Privileges1.SofarhowmanyqueensarethereintheBritain’shistory?A.Four.B.FiveC.Six.D.Seven.2.Accordingtotheirrulingtime,whichofthefollowingistheshortestone?A.MaryI.B.ElizabethI.C.MaryII.D.ElizabethII.TestYourself3.Whichofthefollowinghasnothingtodowithconstitutionalmonarchy?A.BillofRights

B.MagnaCartaC.TheActofSupremacy

D.The

ActofSettlement1701TestYourself4.Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtothemonarch’sprivileges?A.Queencantravelwithoutapassport.B.Queencanrefusetopaytax.C.Queencanrefusetooffertestimonyincourt.D.Queencanflyanairplanewithoutalicense.TestYourself5.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutQueenElizabethII.A.Sheisamotheroffour.B.Sheisthelongestrulingmonarchintheworld.C.ShejoinedinthearmyinWorldWarI.D.SheistheheadoftheUK.TestYourself6.Dianaissaidtobeacontroversialroyalty.Whichmightbenotthereason?A.Shewasborninanordinaryfamily.B.Shedivorcedherhusband,PrinceCharles.C.Shewasfondofcharityandhelpedraisefundsfortheunderprivileged.D.Sheseemedtoenjoythelimelightandacceptinterviewsreadily.TestYourself7.AccordingtothemovieTheQueen,whohastheleastsympathytowardDiana?A.Thenewly-electedPrimeMinister,TonyBlair.B.Herex-husband,PrinceCharles.C.Queen,herhusbandandhermother.D.TheBritishpeople.

TestYourself8.WhatisTonyBlairlikeinthemovieTheQueen?A.HeisproudandarroganttowardstheRoyalty.B.HewantstomodernizetheRoyaltyeagerly.C.HehelpstheQueenoutatthecrisis.D.HeishappythatPrinceCharlesseekshelpfromhimandtheybecomegoodfriendspersonally.

TestYourselfTheKing’sSpeechGenre:drama,historyDirector:TomHooperStarring:ColinFirthGeoffreyRushHelenaBonhamCarterReleaseYear:2011RunningTime:119minsCountry:theUKBasicsabouttheMovie

ContentsTheActofSettlement1701KingGeorgeV&hisKingSonsBritishMonarchs&Nicknames

SuccessiontotheCrownActTheActofSettlement1701TheActofSettlement1701

TheGloriousRevolutionof1688ledtoaconstitutionalmonarchyrestrictedbylawssuchasthe

BillofRights1689(《權(quán)利法案》1689)andthe

ActofSettlement1701.

TheActofSettlement1701wasfirstfiledin1700andenforcedinthefollowingyearduringthereignofKingWilliamIII.ItwasdrafteduptosettlethesuccessiontotheEnglishthroneontheElectressSophiaofHanover—agranddaughterofJamesI—andherProtestantheirs.

TheActofSettlement1701AccordingtotheActofSettlement1701,KingWilliamIIIandQueenMaryIIhadnochildren,soafterthedeathofWilliamIII(Marydiedin1694),QueenMaryII’ssisteranddaughterofKingJamesI,Anne,weretosucceed.ItwasalsolaidoutthatthosewhowereRomanCatholics,andthosewhomarriedRomanCatholics,werebarredfromascendingthethrone.

TheActofSettlement17011TheActofSettlement1701Britainhaslongadoptedprimogeniture（長子繼承權(quán)）,whichtraditionallygivespreferencetothefirstbornmaleheirofakingandqueen,meaningheinheritsthetitle,landsandallotherpropertybelongingtohisfamily.

DaughterscouldonlyinherittheBritishthroneiftherewerenolivingsons.ElizabethbecametheQueenbecauseKingGeorgeVIonlyhadtwodaughters,Elizabethbeingtheelderone.Someoftheage-oldlegislationhasbeenaltered:daughtersenjoythesamerightwithsonsintermsoflineofsuccessionandthelimitationsonthereligionhavealsobeenlifted.

SuccessiontotheCrownAct2013Britainhaslongadoptedprimogeniture（長子繼承權(quán)）,whichtraditionallygivespreferencetothefirstbornmaleheirofakingandqueen,meaningheinheritsthetitle,landsandallotherpropertybelongingtohisfamily.

DaughterscouldonlyinherittheBritishthroneiftherewerenolivingsons.ElizabethbecametheQueenbecauseKingGeorgeVIonlyhadtwodaughters,Elizabethbeingtheelderone.

SuccessiontotheCrownAct2013

TheSuccessiontotheCrownAct2013isanActwhichalteredthelawsofsuccessiontotheBritishthroneinaccordancewiththe2011PerthAgreement—theeldestchildregardlessofgenderwouldprecedehisorhersiblings.Someoftheage-oldlegislationhasbeenaltered:daughtersenjoythesamerightwithsonsintermsoflineofsuccessionandthelimitationsonthereligionhavealsobeenlifted.

BritishLineofSuccessionFirstsixinlinefrom23April2018

1.ThePrinceofWales

2.TheDukeofCambridge

3.PrinceGeorgeofCambridge

4.PrincessCharlotteofCambridge5.PrinceLouisofCambridge6.TheDukeofSussex

KingGeorgeV&hisKingSonsGeorgeV,bornon3June1865inLondon,wasthesecondsonofEdwardVIIandgrandsonofQueenVictoria.GeorgeVhadanelderbrother,whodiedunexpectedin1892,whichlefthimdirectlyinlineforthethrone.GeorgeVsucceededhisfatherin1910.GeorgeVhadfivesonsandonedaughter.GeorgeVDuringhisreignin1917inordertoaccommodatetothepublic’santi-Germanyfeelings,GeorgeVdecidedtoadoptWinsorasfamilyname.

EdwardVIII,theeldestsonofGeorgeVandQueenMary,wastheonlyBritishsovereigntoabdicatevoluntarily.HewasKingforlessthanayear,326daystobeexact.EdwardVIIIEdwardVIIIsucceededhisfatheratthebeginningoftheyear1936andsteppeddownattheendofthesameyeartomarrytheAmericandivorceeWallisSimpson,anAmericansocialitewhowasdivorcedfromherfirsthusbandandwaspursuingthedivorceofhersecond.EdwardwasgiventhetitleHisRoyalHighnesstheDukeofWindsorfollowinghisabdication,andhemarriedSimpsonthefollowingyear.Theyremainedmarrieduntilhisdeath35yearslater.EdwardandhisabdicationbecamethethemeandinspirationsofmanymoviessuchasTheWomanHeLoved(《王位與愛情》),ToCatchAKing(《溫莎行動計劃》),W.E.(《傾國之戀》),etc.EdwardVIIIAlbertFrederickArthurGeorge

isthesecondsonofGeorgeV,brotherofEdwardVIII.Hesucceededhisbrotherin1936asGeorgeVI.GeorgeVINotexpectedtoinheritthethrone,Albert,in1923,marriedLadyElizabethBowes-Lyon,agirlnotofroyalbirthandtheyhadtwodaughters,ElizabethandMargaret.Albertalsosufferedfromstammerandreceivedtherapyinthemid-1920s,whichisthethemeofthemovieTheKing’sSpeech.GeorgeVIGeorgeVdiedoflungcanceranddiedinsleepin1952.Becausehehadnoson,hiselderdaughterElizabethsucceededhimasthesixthQueenandthelegendofalong-livingqueenbegan.BritishMonarchs&NicknamesItisobservedthattheRoyaltypreferredsomeofthenames.SinceNormanConquestin1066,therelived41monarchsinBritain,including8Edwards,8Henrys,6Georges,4Williams,3Richards,2Charles,2Marys,2Elizabeths,and2James.

BritishMonarchs&NicknamesKingWilliamI/WilliamtheConqueror

WilliamRufus/WilliamtheRed

HenryI/HenryBeauclercRichardI/RichardtheLionheart

KingJohn/JohnLackland

EdwardI/EdwardLongshanksMaryI/BloodyMary

ElizabethI/QueenofVirgin

“征服者”威廉“紅毛王”威廉“好學者”亨利一世“獅心王”理查“無地王”約翰“長腿”愛德華“血腥瑪麗”“童貞”女王BritishMonarchs&Nicknames1.TheBritishRoyaltyselectsthenewkingorqueenaccordingtothewilloftheoldmonarch.2.TheBritishmonarchhastheresponsibilityofdeliveringspeechesondifferentoccasions.3.ActofSettlement1701

isoutofdateandhasbeenabolished.

4.EdwardVIIIistheshortestreigningkinginBritishhistory.5.GeorgeVisthefatherofGeorgeIV,brotherofEdwardVIII.TrueorFalseFFFFTEdgarIIwasonthethronefor63daysandEdwardV78days.6.Theking’sorqueen’smarriageisusuallyarrangedbytheRoyaltyfamilyandthekingorqueenhasnorighttochooseafuturespouse.7.ItisnotuncommonfortheRoyalcousinstogetmarried,suchasQueenVictoriaandPrinceAlbert,QueenElizabethIIandPrincePhilip.8.GeorgeVIreplacedhisbrothertobetheBritishKingbecausehisbrotherwasdeterminedtomarryaRomanCatholic,whichwasunacceptabletotheRoyalty.9.RichardIisalsocalledRichardtheLionheartbecausehewasasbraveasalioninthebattlefield.10.TheKing’sSpeechisbasedonthetruestoryofBritishKing,GeorgeV.TrueorFalseTTTTFMovieGenres

Theconceptofgenreisnotgenerallyagreeduponandthegenreofoneparticularmoviecanbelabeleddifferentlyaccordingtodifferentcriteria.Inmoderndays,itishardtofindafilmthatbelongsexclusivelytoonegenre.Inotherwords,almostnomoviepossessallthecharacteristicsofasinglegenreandnoneofthecharacteristicsofanyother.e.g.TheSilenceoftheLambsahorrormovie+athriller

TheMatrixanactionmovie