PAGEPAGE14閱讀理解閱讀理解真題檢測(一)2024年6月浙江高考AIn1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteampoweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(識字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop？Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901；todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalfdozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了英國聞名作家查爾斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英國文學中的地位的。21．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B．Theywerepopularamongtherich.C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.解析：選C細微環節理解題。依據第一段內容尤其是最終一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.”可知，那時印刷技術落后，人們識字率低，很多作品上沒有作者名字，小說被認為是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透頂的。故選C項。22．DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliterature解析：選D推理推斷題。依據其次段最終一句“Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.”可知，把他從英國文學的名人堂移除就跟盧浮宮廉價出售《蒙娜麗莎》的感覺一樣，可見狄更斯在英國文學史上的重要性，由此可推知D項正確。23．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.解析：選A寫作意圖題。依據文中對查爾斯·狄更斯及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的介紹，和文章最終一句可知，本文寫于查爾斯·狄更斯誕辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本文是為了紀念查爾斯·狄更斯這位宏大的作家。BStevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺)．Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia，includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,_plasticbagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers’arguments：manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat，theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement：reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplasticbaguseitcancelsout.However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon’tdispute(質疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了幾種購物袋的運用狀況，塑料袋造成了環境問題，盡管紙袋簡潔回收，但生產和運輸須要更多的能源；環保專家認為塑料袋和紙袋都不要用，希望消費者運用耐用可重復運用的袋子。24．WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A．Helpincreasegrocerysales.B．Recyclethewastematerial.C．Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D．Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.解析：選D細微環節理解題。依據其次段最終一句“plasticbagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume”可知，塑料購物袋制造商雇用像StevenStein這樣的科學家來說明他們的產品并不像大多數人認為的那樣對地球有壞處，故選D項。25．Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A．Bansonplasticbags.B．Effectsofcitydevelopment.C．Headachescausedbygarbage.D．Plasticbagshungintrees.解析：選A詞義揣測題。依據畫線詞前的“these”可知，此處指代上一句內容“Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesin...”即在大約90個城市都禁止運用塑料袋，由此可知，A項“禁止運用塑料袋”為正確選項。26．Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplasticbagmakers?A．Theyarequiteexpensive.B．Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C．Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D．Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.解析：選D細微環節理解題。依據第四段倒數其次句“However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”可知，生產這種耐用且能重復運用的購物袋須要更多的能源，故選D項。27．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Plastic,PaperorNeitherB．Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC．RecycleorThrowAwayD．GarbageCollectionandWasteControl解析：選A標題歸納題。本文主要敘述了三方面的內容：塑料購物袋產生“白色垃圾”；塑料購物袋制造商想出了對策——用可重復運用的購物袋；環保專家希望塑料袋和紙袋都不用。故A項“塑料袋、紙袋或者兩者都不用”可作為文章的最佳標題。CAsculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(裝配線)onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad，behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandaneverendinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarmbasedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive(過度的)energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL．Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經濟)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign，buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國經典的“汽車文化”，它對美國各方面的影響是巨大而深遠的。汽車給美國人民帶來了便利，把美國從一個以農業為主的國家變成一個工業大國，汽車成為美國社會的一個文化符號。但與此同時，汽車也帶來了很多問題，例如能源的過度消耗、氣候變更以及污染等。28．Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A．ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B．ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C．TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D．TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.解析：選B推理推斷題。依據其次段其次句“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture...eventhehamburger.”可知，汽車塑造了某些最長久的美國文化，其中就包括漢堡。由此可知，汽車對于漢堡文化的形成，影響是特別大的。所以，在其次段中提及漢堡，就是為了呈現汽車對于美國文化有相當大的影響。故選B項。29．WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A．Declineofeconomy.B．Environmentalproblems.C．Ashortageofoilsupply.D．Afarmbasedsociety.解析：選B細微環節理解題。依據第四段第一句“ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.”可知，驅動美國夢的汽車導致了全球性的生態災難，即汽車的運用引起了環境問題。故選B項。30．WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.解析：選C觀點看法題。依據最終一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經濟)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，Friedman認為綠色經濟是使美國保持實力的一個機遇。由此可知，他對美國的將來充溢了希望。故選C項。閱讀理解真題檢測(二)2024年11月浙江高考AWhenIwasinfourthgrade,Iworkedpart-timeasapaperboy.Mrs.Stanleywasoneofmycustomers.She’dwatchmecomingdownherstreet,andbythetimeI’dbikeduptoherdoorstep,there’dbeacolddrinkwaiting.I’dsitanddrinkwhileshetalked.Mrs.Stanleytalkedmostlyaboutherdeadhusband,“Mr.StanleyandIwentshoppingthismorning，”she’dsay.Thefirsttimeshesaidthat,soda(汽水)wentupmynose.ItoldmyfatherhowMrs.StanleytalkedasifMr.Stanleywerestillalive.Dadsaidshewasprobablylonely,andthatIoughttositandlistenandnodmyheadandsmile,andmaybeshe’dwork_it_out_of_her_system.Sothat’swhatIdid,anditturnedoutDadwasright.Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery(墓地)．Ifinallyquitdeliveringnewspapersanddidn’tseeMrs.Stanleyforseveralyears.Thenwecrossedpathsatachurchfund-raiser(捐獻活動).Shewasspooningmashedpotatoesandlookinghappy.Fouryearsbefore,she’dhadtoofferherpaperboyadrinktohavesomeonetotalkwith.Nowshehadfriends.Herhusbandwasgone,butlifewenton.Iliveinthecitynow,andmypaperboyisaladynamedEdnawiththreekids.SheasksmehowI’mdoing.WhenIdon’tsay“fine，”shesticksaroundtohearmyproblems.She’slivedinthecitymostofherlife,butsheknowsaboutcommunity.Communityisn’tsomuchaplaceasitisastateofmind.Youfinditwheneverpeopleaskhowyou’redoingbecausetheycare,andnotbecausethey’regettingpaidtodoso.Sometimesit’sgoodtojustsmile,nodyourheadandlisten.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講解并描述了作者小時候作為報童傾聽別人的訴說，而現在作者也會向送報紙的人訴說自己的經驗，并感慨在我們的社會中，人與人之間須要相互關愛。21．Whydidsodagouptheauthor’snoseonetime?A．Hewastalkingfast. B．Hewasshocked.C．Hewasinahurry. D．Hewasabsent-minded.解析：選B推理推斷題。依據其次段中的“herdeadhusband”可知，Stanley先生已經去世了，可是Stanley太太卻說：“Stanley先生和我今日早上去購物了。”由此可推斷出，Stanley太太的話使“我”很震驚。再結合第三段父親向“我”說明緣由的內容也可以推知當時“我”是很震驚并迷惑不解的，所以選B項。22．WhydidtheauthorsitandlistentoMrs.StanleyaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Heenjoyedthedrink.B．Hewantedtobehelpful.C．Hetookthechancetorest.D．Hetriedtopleasehisdad.解析：選B細微環節理解題。依據第三段內容可知，“我”不理解為什么Stanley太太談論Stanley先生時仿佛他還在世?！拔摇毕蚋赣H說了這件事并聽從父親的建議，靜靜地坐著傾聽Stanley太太的訴說，“我”希望這對她有幫助。23．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“workitoutofhersystem”？A．recoverfromhersadnessB．moveoutoftheneighborhoodC．turntoheroldfriendsD．speakoutaboutherpast解析：選A詞義揣測題。依據其次至三段內容可知，Stanley太太剛起先無法接受丈夫去世的事實，常常向“我”傾訴她去世的丈夫的事，后來“我”接受了父親的建議，靜靜地傾聽她的訴說。結合第三段最終一句“Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery(墓地)．”可知，不久之后，她漸漸地接受了丈夫去世的事實，從哀痛中復原過來。24．Whatdoestheauthorthinkpeopleinacommunityshoulddo?A．Openuptoothers.B．Dependoneachother.C．Payforothers’help.D．Careaboutoneanother.解析：選D推理推斷題。依據最終一段內容尤其是“Youfinditwheneverpeopleaskhowyou’redoingbecausetheycare,andnotbecausethey’regettingpaidtodoso.Sometimesit’sgoodtojustsmile,nodyourheadandlisten.”可推知，在我們的社會中，人與人之間須要相互關愛，哪怕有時候僅僅是微笑、點頭和傾聽，都能夠給別人以關切，由此選D項。BIt’ssurprisinghowmuchsimplemovementsofthebodycanaffectthewaywethink.Usingexpansivegestureswithopenarmsmakesusfeelmorepowerful,crossingyourarmsmakesyoumoredeterminedandlyingdowncanbringmoreinsights(領悟)．Soifmovingthebodycanhavetheseeffects,whatabouttheclotheswewear?We’reallwellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeusfeelmoreattractive,sportyorprofessional,dependingontheclotheswewear,butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(認知的)performanceorisitjustafeeling?AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople’spowersofattention.Theideaisthatwhitecoatsareassociatedwithscientists,whoareinturnthoughttohavecloseattentiontodetail.Whattheyfoundwasthatpeoplewearingwhitecoatsperformedbetterthanthosewhoweren’t.Indeed,theymadeonlyhalfasmanyerrorsasthosewearingtheirownclothesontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention).Theresearcherscalltheeffect“enclothedcognition”，suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectourcognitioninmanydifferentways.Thisopensthewayforallsortsofclothes-basedexperiments.Isthewriterwhowearsafedoramorecreative?Isthepsychologistwearinglittleroundglassesandsmokingacigarmoreinsightful?Doesachef’shatmaketheresultantfoodtastebetter?FromnowonIwillonlybeeditingarticlesforPsyBlogwhilewearingawhitecoattohelpkeepthetypingerrorcountlow.HopefullyyouwillbedoingyourpartbyreadingPsyBloginacapandgown(學位服)．語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要講解并描述了“具衣認知”理論，該理論認為人們的衣著會影響人們的認知表現。25．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.B．Howpeopledresshasaninfluenceontheirfeelings.C．Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheircognitiveperformance.D．Peopledoingdifferentjobsshouldweardifferentclothes.解析：選C主旨大意題。依據文章第四段中的“Theresearcherscalltheeffect‘enclothedcognition’，suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectourcognitioninmanydifferentways.”并結合全文可知，本文主要講解并描述了人們的衣著能夠影響人們的認知表現，故C項能概括全文主旨。26．AdamandGalinsky’sexperimenttestedtheeffectofclothesontheirwearers’________.A．insights B．movementsC．attention D．appearance解析：選C細微環節理解題。依據第三段中的“AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople’spowersofattention.”可知，該試驗主要測試的是穿著白色的試驗室衣服對人們的留意力的影響，由此可知選C項。27．Howdoestheauthorsoundinthelastparagraph?A．Academic. B．Humorous.C．Formal. D．Hopeful.解析：選B推理推斷題。作者最終一段提到從現在起先他要穿著白外套來編輯文章，以此來保持低的打字出錯率，并希望讀者穿著學位服閱讀文章。因此，作者是在用幽默風趣的語言來表達自己和讀者在現實生活中如何運用“具衣認知”理論，故選B項。CThereareenergysavingstobemadefromallrecyclablematerials,sometimeshugesavings.Recyclingplasticsandaluminum,forinstance,usesonly5%to10%asmuchenergyasproducingnewplasticorsmelting(提煉)aluminum.Longbeforemostofusevennoticedwhatwenowcall“theenvironment，”BuckminsterFullersaid,“Pollutionisnothingbuttheresources(資源)wearenotharvesting.Weallowthemtobeleftaroundbecausewe’vebeenignorantoftheirvalue.”Totakeoneexample,let’scomparethethrowawayeconomy(經濟)witharecyclingeconomyaswefeedacatforlife.Sayyourcatweighs5kgandeatsonecanoffoodeachday.Eachemptycanofitsfoodweighs40g.Inathrowawayeconomy,youwouldthrowaway5,475cansoverthecat’s15-yearlifetime.That’s219kgofsteel—morethanafifthofatonandmorethan40timesthecat’sweight.Inarecyclingeconomy,wewouldmakeonesetof100canstostartwith,thenreplacethemoverandoveragainwithrecycledcans.Sincealmost3%ofthemetalislostduringreprocessing,we’dhavetomakeanextra10canseachyear.Butinall,only150canswillbeusedupoverthecat’slifetime—andwe’llstillhave100leftoverforthenextcat.Insteadofusingup219kgofsteel,we’veusedonly6kg.Andbecausetheprocessofrecyclingsteelislesspollutingthanmakingnewsteel,we’vealsoachievedthefollowingsignificantsavings:inenergyuse—47%to74%;inairpollution—85%;inwaterpollution—35%;inwateruse—40%.語篇解讀：本文是一篇爭論文。文章主要通過循環利用養貓所運用的食物罐的例子，闡述了如何循環利用可回收材料以達到節能的目的。28．WhatdoesBuckminsterFullersayaboutpollution?A．Itisbecomingmoreserious.B．Itdestroystheenvironment.C．Itbenefitstheeconomy.D．Itistheresourcesyettobeused.解析：選D細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“Pollutionisnothingbuttheresources(資源)wearenotharvesting.Weallowthemtobeleftaroundbecausewe’vebeenignorantoftheirvalue.”并結合全段內容可知，BuckminsterFuller認為所謂的污染物就是尚未利用的資源，我們忽視了它們的價值，由此可知應選D項。29．Howmanycanswillbeusedupinacat’s15-yearlifetimeinarecyclingeconomy?A．50. B．100.C．150. D．250.解析：選C細微環節理解題。依據第四段中的“Butinall，only150canswillbeusedupoverthecat’slifetime”可知，通過循環利用，養一只貓15年只須要用掉150個食物罐，故選C項。30．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Topromotetheideaofrecycling.B．Tointroduceanenvironmentalist.C．Todiscussthecausesofpollution.D．Todefendthethrowawayeconomy.解析：選A寫作意圖題。依據文章第一段和其次段可知，作者在文章開頭就提出了論點，即循環利用可回收材料更節能；第三至五段又具體通過養貓所運用的食物罐為例來進一步論證。由此可推知，作者寫本文的目的在于提倡循環利用的理念，故選A項。閱讀理解實力歷來是浙江高考英語考查的重點，也始終占據著主體地位。閱讀理解題解答的順當與否，干脆影響著后面其他試題的答題時間和答題心態。因此，駕馭肯定的閱讀理解解題技巧，可以幫助考生快速、精確的選擇出正確答案，從而在高考中取得高分。一、命題特點要知曉1．短文特點浙江高考英語閱讀理解共設三篇文章，總詞數不少于800，生詞率不超過3%。一共有10個小題，每小題2.5分，共計25分。2．選材特點語篇來源于國外英文圖書、報刊、網絡媒體等，多為最新時文，或經過出題者改寫，具有深厚的時代氣息。題材多樣，涉及英語國家的文化習俗、人口、地理、建設、歷史、社會、科技等概況。所選材料語言地道、內容豐富，緊跟時代步伐，有較為豐富的文化蘊涵，貼近考生生活。3．體裁特點體裁包括記敘文(含夾敘夾議文)、說明文、爭論文和應用文。(1)記敘文是通過敘述、描寫、說明、抒情、爭論的表達方式來記人、敘事、寫景、狀物以表達作者的特定思想情感。(2)說明文是依據特定的時間、空間、邏輯依次來介紹或說明某種事物的特征、功能等。(3)爭論文是指采納特定的論據來論證某種觀點。(4)應用文是采納特定的格式來介紹或說明某個主題。二、題型技法要用好浙江高考英語閱讀理解題型以細微環節理解題、推理推斷題為主，詞義揣測題、主旨大意題較難，所占比例較少，命題很好地體現了“留意基礎，體現層次”，有利于選拔人才的高考命題思想。細微環節理解題細微環節理解題考查內容主要涉剛好間、地點、人物、事務、緣由、結果、數字等及爭論文中的例證細微環節和定義類細微環節。這類題目的共同特點是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當然，答案并不肯定是文章中的原句，考生須要依據文章供應的信息自己組織語句回答問題。1．事實細微環節題→尋讀法事實細微環節題分為干脆理解題和間接理解題，前者常用who,what,which,when,where,why和how提問，或推斷正誤；后者需與原文信息轉換，表達上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有：Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?AllthefollowingarementionedEXCEPT________.Whichofthefollowingismentioned(NOTmentioned)?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE/RIGHT/FALSE/WRONGabout...?[典例1](2024·6月浙江高考閱讀B節選)Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplasticbaguseitcancelsout.However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.26．Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplasticbagmakers?A．Theyarequiteexpensive.B．Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C．Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D．Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.分析：本題為事實細微環節題，可用尋讀法從文中找到信息源。由題干中的“reusablebags”可確定信息源為倒數其次句。依據該選段倒數其次句“However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”可知，生產這種耐用且能重復運用的購物袋須要更多的能源，故選D項。2．排列依次題→首尾定位法(找出第一個事務和最終一個事務，用解除法縮小范圍)排列依次題常出現在記敘文和說明文中，一般要求排列出事務發生的先后依次。常見命題形式有：WhichofthefollowingistheCORRECTorderof...?WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofsignalsdescribedinParagraph...?3．圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索設題形式：給出圖表，依據圖表提問問題。這種類型的題目考查的較少。4．數字計算題→(方法：審題→帶著問題找細微環節→對比、分析、計算)這類題目雖然可在文中干脆找到相關細微環節，但需經過計算方可確定答案。[典例2](2024·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀C節選)Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.分析：本題為數字計算題。先審題：題干關鍵詞為“spokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent”。再由關鍵詞找細微環節，細微環節為選段第一句和最終一句。依據選段第一句“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.”可知，目前世界上有大約6800種語言；再依據最終一句“Themediannumber(中位數)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”分析可知，目前世界上一半的語言的運用人數少于6000，通過計算，也就是說有大約3400種語言的運用人數少于6000。由此可知B項為正確選項。推理推斷題推理推斷題主要考查考生對文章中隱含或深層的含義的理解實力。它要求考生依據文章內容做出合乎邏輯的推斷，包括考生對作者觀點的理解，看法的推斷，對修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。題干關鍵詞：infer(推斷),indicate(象征，示意),imply/suggest(示意),conclude(得出結論),assume(假定，設想)。1．細微環節推理推斷題一般可依據短文供應的信息或借助生活常識進行推理推斷，常見命題形式有：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.Theauthorimplies/suggeststhat________.Wemayinferthat________.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.[典例1](2024·6月浙江高考閱讀A節選)In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.22．DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliterature分析：本題為細微環節推理推斷題。依據選段最終一句“Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.”可知，把他從英國文學的名人堂移除就跟盧浮宮廉價出售《蒙娜麗莎》的感覺一樣，可見狄更斯在英國文學史上的重要性，由此可推知D項正確。2．預料推理推斷題依據語篇對文章接下來的內容或可能的結局進行揣測，常見命題形式有：Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenif/when...?Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite________.3．推想文章來源或讀者對象常見命題形式有：Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom________.Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin________.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?[典例2](2024·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀B)[1]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.[2]Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.[3]Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.[4]Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook. B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Atravelbrochure.分析：本題為推想文章來源。從全文內容看，第一段提到豐收的七月成熟的果實，說這些水果好比儲存養分的小“動力室”；其次段提到山莓等各種水果含有的維生素等養分成分；第三、四段提到利用這些水果制作各種美食。而這些內容自然與健康飲食有關，因此本文應當摘選自健康類的雜志。故選B項。(1)留意選項為文章中干脆陳述的內容不能選，要選擇依據文章推理出來的選項。(2)留意推理不是憑空揣測，而是立足原文由已知推斷未知；做出正確答案時肯定要在文中找到依據或理由，不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法；不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。推理推斷2留意詞義揣測題詞義揣測題是浙江歷年高考?？嫉囊活愵}型，它可以是對一個單詞的意義的推斷，也可以是對一個短語或句子的意義的推斷；既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新義，還可以是對替代詞所替代內容的推斷。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，而要依據短文供應的語境，通過閱讀上下文，依據已知的信息或常識來推想尚不熟識的詞或短語的含義。常見命題形式：Theunderlinedword/phraseinthesecondparagraphmeans________.Theword“it/they”inthelastsentencerefersto________.Theword“...”inPara.2probablymeans________.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“...”？要做好詞義揣測題，考生除了必需嫻熟駕馭《考試大綱》規定的詞匯外，還要學會依據上下文語境進行合理推想，駕馭肯定的解題技巧。技巧1通過因果關系猜詞因果關系是比較重要的邏輯關系，文章常借助關聯詞(because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等)表示前因后果。因此，我們可以借助這種因果關系來揣測詞義。[典例1](2024·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀B節選)Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert. B．Adrink.C．Acontainer. D．Amachine.分析：本題可通過因果關系猜詞。該段第一句是由if引導的條件狀語從句，若滿足該條件，則產生的結果是第一句的后半句和其次句，“youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa‘soft-serve’creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.”即“將冰凍香蕉和其他莓類、水果片放進去，出來的是奶油狀甜品”。由此因果關系可推知juicer指的是榨汁機。故選擇D項。技巧2通過同義詞、近義詞或反義詞的關系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如：happyandgay，即使我們不相識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是開心的意思；二是看在進一步說明的過程中運用的同義詞，如：ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于“行星”這一領域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉折關系的連詞或副詞，如：but,while,however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.依據not...ashandsomeas我們不難推想出homely的意思，即“不英俊，不美麗”的意思。[典例2](2024·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀D節選)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.分析：本題可通過近義詞的關系猜詞。依據該段第一句“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.”可知，作者認為成年人都理解物質過剩的那種感覺，后面又用反問句提出了問題：但是，說到孩子們和他們的物品，我們為什么通常又認定moreismore呢？由此推知，這里的moreismore與前面的floodedwith為近義表達，指“越多越好”。故選A。技巧3通過構詞法猜詞英語中的很多詞匯是通過構詞法生成的，因此可依據前綴、后綴、復合、派生等構詞學問來揣測生詞詞義。如：Sheisunlikelytohavestolenthemoney.(“un-”含否定意義，故unlikely意為“不太可能”之意。)技巧4依據定義或上下文說明進行揣測有時短文中出現一個須要揣測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現其定義或說明。標點符號，如逗號后的說明(名詞同位語)、破折號后的說明、括號內的說明等。這都是推斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據。例如：①Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子賜予了annealing一個明確的定義，即“退火”。②Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.從thatis(也就是說)后的說明中我們可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。③Theherdsman,_wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout