醫博士英語試題及答案姓名：____________________

一、多項選擇題（每題2分，共20題）

1.Thepatientisexperiencingseverechestpain.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelydiagnosis?

A.Angina

B.Myocardialinfarction

C.Pulmonaryembolism

D.Gastroesophagealrefluxdisease

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsideeffectoflong-termuseofNSAIDs?

A.Pepticulcerdisease

B.Increasedriskofheartattack

C.Kidneydamage

D.Alloftheabove

3.Apatientpresentswithafever,chills,andaproductivecough.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriateinitialdiagnostictest?

A.Completebloodcount

B.Sputumculture

C.ChestX-ray

D.Urinalysis

4.Whichofthefollowingmedicationsisusedtotreathyperthyroidism?

A.Methimazole

B.Radioactiveiodine

C.Levothyroxine

D.Alloftheabove

5.Apatientwithdiabetesmellitusisexperiencingfrequenturinationandexcessivethirst.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelycause?

A.Dehydration

B.Uncontrolleddiabetes

C.Diabetesinsipidus

D.Alloftheabove

6.Whichofthefollowingisariskfactorforstroke?

A.Hypertension

B.Highcholesterol

C.Smoking

D.Alloftheabove

7.Apatientisbeingtreatedforaurinarytractinfection.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetreatment?

A.Antibiotics

B.Painrelievers

C.Urinaryacidifiers

D.Alloftheabove

8.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsymptomofchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)?

A.Shortnessofbreath

B.Chroniccough

C.Wheezing

D.Alloftheabove

9.Apatientwithaknownallergytopenicillinisprescribedamoxicillinforasuspectedinfection.Whichofthefollowingshouldbedone?

A.Performaskintest

B.Prescribeanalternativeantibiotic

C.Discontinuethemedication

D.BothBandC

10.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommoncauseofkidneystones?

A.Dehydration

B.Highcalciumintake

C.Highuricacidlevels

D.Alloftheabove

11.Apatientwithahistoryofpepticulcerdiseaseisexperiencingsevereabdominalpain.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetreatment?

A.Protonpumpinhibitors

B.Antacids

C.H2-receptorantagonists

D.Alloftheabove

12.Whichofthefollowingisariskfactorforosteoporosis?

A.Smoking

B.Lowcalciumintake

C.Lackofphysicalactivity

D.Alloftheabove

13.Apatientwithahistoryofmigraineheadachesisexperiencingasevereheadache.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetreatment?

A.NSAIDs

B.Triptans

C.Ergotamine

D.Alloftheabove

14.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsymptomofanemia?

A.Fatigue

B.Shortnessofbreath

C.Paleness

D.Alloftheabove

15.Apatientwithaknownallergytosulfadrugsisprescribedcephalexinforasuspectedinfection.Whichofthefollowingshouldbedone?

A.Performaskintest

B.Prescribeanalternativeantibiotic

C.Discontinuethemedication

D.BothBandC

16.Whichofthefollowingisariskfactorforhypertension?

A.Obesity

B.Highsaltintake

C.Sedentarylifestyle

D.Alloftheabove

17.Apatientwithahistoryofheartfailureisexperiencingshortnessofbreathandswellinginthelegs.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetreatment?

A.Diuretics

B.Angiotensin-convertingenzyme(ACE)inhibitors

C.Beta-blockers

D.Alloftheabove

18.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsymptomofdepression?

A.Lossofappetite

B.Insomnia

C.Feelingsofhopelessness

D.Alloftheabove

19.Apatientwithaknownallergytopenicillinisprescribedceftriaxoneforasuspectedinfection.Whichofthefollowingshouldbedone?

A.Performaskintest

B.Prescribeanalternativeantibiotic

C.Discontinuethemedication

D.BothBandC

20.Whichofthefollowingisariskfactorforbreastcancer?

A.Familyhistory

B.Age

C.Hormonalfactors

D.Alloftheabove

二、判斷題（每題2分，共10題）

1.Apatientwithafevershouldalwaysbetreatedwithantibiotics.(×)

2.Theuseofacetaminophenissafeforpatientswithliverdisease.(×)

3.ItisrecommendedtoperformaPapsmeareverythreeyearsforwomenaged21to65.(√)

4.Apatientwithahistoryofasthmashouldavoidallallergens.(√)

5.Hypertensioncanbecontrolledsolelythroughlifestylechanges.(×)

6.Diabetesmellitusisachronicconditionthatrequireslifelongmanagement.(√)

7.Apatientwithaurinarytractinfectionshouldbetreatedwithasingledoseofantibiotics.(×)

8.Itisnormalforanewborntohaveahighwhitebloodcellcount.(√)

9.Apatientwithaknownallergytopeanutsshouldavoidallfoodscontainingnuts.(√)

10.Thefluvaccineisrecommendedforeveryoneovertheageof6months.(√)

三、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）

1.Describethesignsandsymptomsofappendicitisandexplainwhypromptmedicalattentionisnecessary.

2.Explaintheimportanceofregularphysicalactivityinmaintainingcardiovascularhealthanddiscusstwotypesofexercisethatarebeneficialforthispurpose.

3.Discusstheroleofvitaminsandmineralsinthebodyandprovideexamplesofcommondeficienciesandtheirassociatedsymptoms.

4.Describetheprocessofwoundhealingandidentifythreefactorsthatcanaffectthehealingprocess.

四、論述題（每題10分，共2題）

1.Discusstheimpactoflifestylefactorsonthedevelopmentandprogressionofchronicdiseasessuchasdiabetes,hypertension,andcardiovasculardiseases.Provideexamplesoflifestylemodificationsthatcanhelppreventormanagetheseconditions.

2.Explaintheconceptofevidence-basedmedicineanditsimportanceinclinicalpractice.Discusshowhealthcareprofessionalscanincorporateevidence-basedpracticesintotheirdailyroutinetoimprovepatientoutcomes.

試卷答案如下：

一、多項選擇題

1.B.Myocardialinfarction

解析思路：嚴重胸痛通常是心肌梗死的癥狀。

2.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：非甾體抗炎藥（NSAIDs）的長期使用可能導致胃潰瘍、心臟病發作風險增加和腎臟損傷。

3.B.Sputumculture

解析思路：咳嗽伴有發熱和咳痰，最可能是呼吸道感染，需要痰培養來確定病原體。

4.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：治療甲狀腺功能亢進可以使用甲巰咪唑、放射性碘或左甲狀腺素。

5.B.Uncontrolleddiabetes

解析思路：多尿和口渴是糖尿病的典型癥狀，特別是未得到控制的糖尿病。

6.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：高血壓、高膽固醇和吸煙都是中風的危險因素。

7.A.Antibiotics

解析思路：尿路感染通常需要抗生素治療。

8.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：COPD的常見癥狀包括呼吸困難、慢性咳嗽和喘鳴。

9.D.BothBandC

解析思路：已知對青霉素過敏的患者應進行皮膚測試，并選擇替代抗生素。

10.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：脫水、高鈣攝入和高尿酸水平都是腎結石的危險因素。

11.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：胃潰瘍患者可能需要質子泵抑制劑、抗酸藥或H2受體拮抗劑治療。

12.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：吸煙、低鈣攝入和缺乏運動都是骨質疏松癥的風險因素。

13.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：治療偏頭痛可以使用非甾體抗炎藥、曲普坦或艾格孟。

14.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：貧血的常見癥狀包括疲勞、氣短和蒼白。

15.D.BothBandC

解析思路：已知對青霉素過敏的患者應進行皮膚測試，并選擇替代抗生素。

16.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：肥胖、高鹽攝入和久坐生活方式都是高血壓的風險因素。

17.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：心力衰竭患者可能需要利尿劑、ACE抑制劑或β-阻滯劑治療。

18.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：抑郁癥的常見癥狀包括食欲減退、失眠和絕望感。

19.D.BothBandC

解析思路：已知對青霉素過敏的患者應進行皮膚測試，并選擇替代抗生素。

20.D.Alloftheabove

解析思路：家族史、年齡和激素因素都是乳腺癌的風險因素。

二、判斷題

1.×

解析思路：并非所有發熱都需抗生素治療，有些可能是病毒感染。

2.×

解析思路：肝病患者應避