專升本英語真題(成考)(總分：150.00，做題時間：90分鐘)一、第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ.Phonetics(總題數：5，分數：5.00)

A.penalty

√

B.moment

C.quarrel

D.absent解析：

A.sympathy

B.material

C.courage

√

D.analysis解析：

A.starvation

B.suggestion

√

C.satisfaction

D.situation解析：

A.donkey

B.turkey

C.money

D.obey

√解析：

A.revise

B.consist

√

C.advertise

D.visit解析：二、Ⅱ.VocabularyandStructure(總題數：15，分數：15.00)6.JonathanandJoeleftthehousetogofor______aftersupper.

（分數：1.00）

A.walk

B.thewalk

C.walks

D.awalk

√解析：[解析]考察固定搭配。句意：晚飯後，喬納森和喬離開了房子去散步。goforawalk是固定使用方法，意為“出去走走，去散步”，與takeawalk同義。7.Hepointedatthenewcarandasked,"______isit?Haveyoueverseenitbefore?"

（分數：1.00）

A.Why

B.Where

C.Who

D.Whose

√解析：[解析]考察疑問詞的使用方法。句意：他指著那輛新轎車問道：“那輛車是誰的?你此前見過嗎?”疑問代詞whose用來問詢物品的所有者，意為“誰的(東西)”。why，為何；where哪裏；who誰。8.Myfatherasked______tohelpwithhiswork.

（分數：1.00）

A.IandTom

B.Tomandme

√

C.meandTom

D.TomandI解析：[解析]考察人稱次序。句意：我的父親叫我和湯姆幫他干活。單數人稱并列時，次序為“第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱”；復數人稱并列時，次序為“第一人稱，第二人稱，第三人稱”。此處為單數人稱并列作賓語，故選Tomandme。9.Nowadayslittleknowledge______tobeadangerousthing.

（分數：1.00）

A.seem

B.seemed

C.doesseem

√

D.doseem解析：[解析]考察主謂一致。句意：如今，知識匱乏似乎確實是一件危險的事。由句首的nowadays可以判斷，該句的時態為一般目前時，故排除B項。littleknowledge表達的與否認意義，是不可數名詞，故謂語動詞要用單數，故排除A項和D項。does在這裏是助動詞，表達強調。10.Iftheirmarketingteamsucceeds,they______theirprofitsby20percent.

（分數：1.00）

A.willincrease

√

B.wouldbeincreasing

C.willhaveincreased

D.wouldhavebeenincreasing解析：[解析]考察if引導的條件狀語從句。句意：假如他們的營銷團體獲得成功，那么他們的利潤將增長20%。if引導的條件狀語從句可以分為兩類：真實條件句和虛擬條件句。當假設狀況發生的也許性很大時，就是真實條件句；當假設不大也許實現時，就是虛擬條件句。根據句意，本句所表述的是客觀狀況，所認為真實條件句。從句中使用的時態為一般目前時，故主句應使用未來時，故選A。11.You"dbettertakethesedocumentswithyou______youneedthemforthemeeting.

（分數：1.00）

A.unless

B.incase

√

C.until

D.sothat解析：[解析]考察連詞詞義辨析。句意：你最佳帶上這些文獻，以防會議中你會用到。incase可引導目的狀語從句，意為“以防，以備”，sothat也可引導目的狀語從句，意為“以便，為了”，因此incase符合題意。unless除非；until直到。12.Ihaven"tbeentoapopfestivalbeforeandMikehasn"t______.

（分數：1.00）

A.too

B.aswell

C.neither

D.either

√解析：[解析]考察副詞詞義辨析。句意：我此前沒有去過流行音樂節，邁克也沒有去過。too和also表達“也”時用于肯定句和疑問句；neither用作副詞時意為“兩者都不”，放在句首，表達前面否認的內容也合用于另一種人或物，句子須采用部分倒裝；either作副詞時也可表達“也”，用于否認句，一般位于句末。13.______isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanwriter.

（分數：1.00）

A.As

√

B.Once

C.That

D.It解析：[解析]考察定語從句。句意：眾所周知，馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。as在該句中引導非限定性定語從句，在從句中作主語。14.Johncomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages______inthedictionary.

（分數：1.00）

A.lacking

B.losing

C.missing

√

D.dropping解析：[解析]考察形容詞詞義辨析。句意：約翰向書店老板投訴，說字典中缺乏了好幾頁。missing意為“缺失的”，符合題意。lacking缺乏的；losing失敗的；dropping掉落的。15.Notuntilthegamehadbegun______atthesportsground.

（分數：1.00）

A.shouldhehavearrived

B.wouldhehavearrived

C.didhearrive

√

D.hadhearrived解析：[解析]考察notuntil引導的時間狀語從句。句意：直到比賽開始他才抵達運動場。notuntil引導時間狀語從句時主句要部分倒裝。從句中的時態為過去完畢時，故主句中的時態應為一般過去時，故選C。16.Moviegoersknowthatmanyspecialeffectsarecreatedbycomputers.______theyoftendon"tknowisthatthesescenesstillrequirealotofwork.

（分數：1.00）

A.That

B.Whom

C.What

√

D.How解析：[解析]考察主語從句引導詞。句意：常看電影的人懂得許多特效都是通過電腦制作出來的。但他們往往不懂得的是制作這些場景還需要投入大量的工作。分析句子構造可知，空格所在從句在整個句子中充當主語，從句中缺乏賓語，且賓語指的是事而非人，故選C。17.Thepresidentistogiveaformal______attheopeningceremony.

（分數：1.00）

A.speech

√

B.debate

C.discussion

D.argument解析：[解析]考察名詞詞義辨析。句意：總統將在開幕式上做正式發言。giveaspeech為固定搭配，意為“刊登發言，做演講”。debate辯論，爭論；discussion討論；argument論點，爭論。18.WhenIamconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes______,andIcanhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.

（分數：1.00）

A.faint

B.blank

√

C.dark

D.blind解析：[解析]考察形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我碰到這些問題時，我頭腦一片空白，我甚至記不起自已的生曰。one"smindgoesblank是固定體現，意為“頭腦一片空白”。faint模糊的；dark黑暗的；blind盲目的。19.Iftheyarewillingtolendusthemoneyweneed,allourproblemswillbe______.

（分數：1.00）

A.solved

√

B.caused

C.covered

D.met解析：[解析]考察動詞詞義辨析。句意：假如他們樂意借給我們那筆我們需要的錢的話，我們的一切問題都將迎刃而解。solveproblems為固定體現，意為“處理問題”。caused引起；covered覆蓋；met碰到。20.Thisarticle______moreattentiontotheproblemofculturalconflicts.

（分數：1.00）

A.caresfor

B.allowsfor

C.appliesfor

D.callsfor

√解析：[解析]考察動詞短語辨析。句意：這篇文章呼吁人們多關注文化沖突的問題。callsfor意為“呼吁，倡導”，符合題意。caresfor關懷，照顧；allowsfor考慮到；appliesfor申請，祈求。三、Ⅲ.Cloze(總題數：1，分數：30.00)Whatenablessomepeopletogetbigcreativebreakthroughswhileothersonlygetsmallandnon-creativebreakdowns,blamingthemselvesandsociety?Aresomepeople"gifted"?Arethereotherfactors1work—factorsthatwehavemorecontroloverthanwethink?

Whilenobodycandenythe2thatsomepeopleseemtobeblessedwithparticularcreativity,researchshowsthatanyonecan3theirchancesofcomingupwithnewandoriginalideas4theywouldonlyengagethemselvesmoreintheprocessof5.It"stheoldThomasEdisonthingabout"discovery699percentperspiration(汗水)and1percentinspiration."7,thestudiesprovethis:greatcreativebreakthroughsusuallyhappenonly8intenseperiodsofstruggle.Itissustainedefforttowardsaspecificgoal9eventuallypreparesforgreatcreativeinsights.

Thiskindofsustainedeffortdoesnotalways10immediateresults,afactthatnotonlyseparatestheinnovators(革新者)fromnon-innovators,but11leadssomepeopletoconcludethatitisjustnot12forthem."MaybeIshouldhavegonetomedicalschoollikemymotherwanted,"theywonderwhenthebreakthroughis13tobefound.Alas,oneforgetsduringtheirinevitableencounters14self-doubt,thatthebigsurpriseisnever15.Indeed,itcanhappenatanytimeandplace.（分數：30.00）

A.to

B.in

C.at

√

D.by解析：[解析]固定搭配題。此處表達“與否尚有其他原因在起作用”，atwork意為“(原因)在起作用”，符合題意。

A.issue

B.problem

C.reason

D.fact

√解析：[解析]詞義辨析題。空格後that引導的同位語從句意為“某些人似乎被賦予了特殊的發明力”，這是一種客觀事實，fact意為“事實”，符合題意。issue發行，議題；problem問題；reason原因。

A.miss

B.reduce

C.increase

√

D.lose解析：[解析]詞義辨析題。由前一句中的轉折連詞while可知，該句與上句應是轉折關系，上句說“雖然某些人似乎被賦予了特殊的發明力”，因此此處應表達“不過研究表明任何人都能增長他們想出新點子的機會”，increase意為“增長”，符合題意。miss錯過；reduce減少；lose失去。

A.because

B.if

√

C.while

D.whether解析：[解析]理解推斷題。前文說“研究表明任何人都能增長他們想出新點子的機會”，此處應指增長這種機會應具有的條件，故應選擇if，引導條件狀語從句。

A.creation

√

B.practice

C.production

D.achievement解析：[解析]詞義辨析題。此處表達增長想出新點子的機會的條件，因此“假如在發明的過程中全身心投入，不停嘗試的話”，就會增長想出新點子的機會。creation意為“發明”，符合題意。practice實踐；production生產；achievement成就。

A.being

√

B.be

C.was

D.were解析：[解析]語法構造題。此處意為“探索就是99%的汗水加1%的靈感”。引號中的內容位于介詞about之後，故本空應填be動詞的非謂語形式，故選A。

A.Soonerorlater

B.Somedayorother

C.Everynowandthen

D.Timeandagain

√解析：[解析]理解推斷題。根據空格後的greatcreativebreakthroughs、intenseperiodsofstruggle可知，此處表達的觀點與前文一致，即研究一次又一次證明發明力離不開艱苦奮斗。timeandagain意為“一再，再三”，符合題意。soonerorlater遲早；somedayorother總有一天；everynowandthen不時地，常常。

A.beyond

B.after

√

C.above

D.through解析：[解析]理解推斷題。此處表達“偉大的發明性突破往往在長期的艱苦奮斗後才會出現”，故選B。

A.that

√

B.who

C.what

D.as解析：[解析]語法構造題。本句是一種強調句，意為“正是朝一種特定目的堅持不懈的努力為偉大的創新洞察力奠定了基礎”。強調句的常用構造為“Itis(was)+被強調部分(主語、賓語或狀語)+who/that...”，此處強調的是sustainedefforttowardsaspecificgoal，故應填that。

A.create

B.produce

√

C.inspire

D.encourage解析：[解析]詞義辨析題。此處意為“這種堅持不懈的努力不一定總是立即有成效”，produce意為“產生”，符合題意。create發明；inspire鼓舞；encourage鼓勵。

A.too

B.once

C.again

D.also

√解析：[解析]固定搭配題。

notonly...butalso...為固定使用方法，意為“不僅……并且……”。

A.good

B.difficult

C.possible

√

D.stupid解析：[解析]詞義辨析題。前文說“這種堅持不懈的努力不一定總是立即有成效”，因此這一事實會導致有人認為他們是不也許獲得發明性突破的。possible意為“也許的”，符合題意。good好的；difficult困難的；stupid愚蠢的。

A.anywhere

B.everywhere

C.somewhere

D.nowhere

√解析：[解析]詞義辨析題。此處表達“當沒有發現任何突破時，他們會感到懷疑”。nowhere意為“任何地方都沒有”，符合題意。anywhere任何地方；everywhere到處；somewhere在某處。

A.against

B.across

C.with

√

D.into解析：[解析]固定搭配題。此處表達“與自我懷疑的不可防止的邂逅”，encounterwith表達“遭遇，碰到”，符合題意。

A.faraway

√

B.usedup

C.clearedoff

D.nearby解析：[解析]詞義辨析題。此處表達“巨大的驚喜一定在不遠處，它也許在任何時候、任何地點發生”。faraway意為“遙遠的”，符合題意。usedup用完，耗盡；clearedoff掙脫，清除；nearby在……附近。四、Ⅳ.ReadingComprehension(總題數：0，分數：0.00)五、PassageOne(總題數：1，分數：12.00)Debateisavaluablewaytopractisecommunicating.Itcanalsobringlong-lastingrewards,especiallyforpeopleworkingwithWesternbusinesses.Themainactivityofdebateispresentingone"sopinionandsupportingitwithevidence,suchasstatisticsorfacts.Itisawayofpersuasivecommunication.

CharlesLebeauhelpedcreatethe"DiscoverDebate"method.HesaysdebateisimportanttounderstandinghowpeoplecommunicateinWesternbusiness.Successfuldebaterslearnhowtogivetheiropinion,reasonsandsupport."Whatwearetryingtodoistodevelopakindofthinkingorapproachtodiscussionandhowtointeract(交流)withsomeoneelse"sopinion,ratherthanbrushtheiropinionaside."

Debateskillsarealsoimportantinsellingaproduct,hesays.Inthatsituation,thejudgesarethecustomers."SoonMonday,forexample,onecompanymaycomeinandpresenttheircasetothecustomerandthey"llmakeasstrongacaseastheycan.OnTuesday,thenextday,anothercompanywillcomeinandpresenttheircasetothecustomer.Usuallythepartythatcanpresentthestrongestcasewins."

Debatealsostrengthenscriticalthinking.Inotherwords,ithelpsstudentslearntoaskquestionsandtrytounderstandsomeone"sreasonsandevidence.

Mr.Lebeaupointsoutthatsuccessfuldebaterslearntolistencarefullytowhatotherpeoplearesaying.Then,theylookfortheweakpointsinsomeoneelse"sopinionorargument.Hesaysdebateteachesasystematicwayofquestioning.

Successfuldebatersalsolearntothinkfromsomeoneelse"spointofview.Mr.Lebeausaysdebatecanhelpbroadenthemind."There"sanexpressioninEnglish:don"tcriticizeanotherpersonbeforeyouhavewalkedintheirshoes.Ithinkthewonderfulthingaboutdebateis,itputsusinanotherperson"sshoes."（分數：12.00）(1).AccordingtoParagraph1,whatisthepurposeofdebate?（分數：3.00）

A.Tobringlong-lastingmaterialrewards.

B.Topresentevidencesuchasstatisticsandfacts.

C.Torespondtoquestionsinasystematicway.

D.Topersuadepeopletoacceptyouropinions.

√解析：[解析]推理判斷題。由第一段最終一句“Itisawayofpersuasivecommunication.”可知，辨論是一種說服性的溝通方式，因此辯論的目的是為了說服他人接受自已的觀點，故選D。(2).Whyisdebateimportant?（分數：3.00）

A.Ithelpspeopleunderstandothersbetter.

B.Itallowspeopletopresenttheiropinions.

C.Itdevelopsone"sthinkingandcommunicativecompetence.

√

D.Itgivesonetheopportunitytobrushothers"opinionaside.解析：[解析]推理判斷題。由第二段最終一句可知，CharlesLebeau等人發明“DiscoverDebate”method的用意是開發一種思維方式或與他人交流的措施，因此，辯論之因此重要是由于它可以提高一種人的思維能力和交流能力，故選C。(3).Whatdoestheunderlinedword"case"inParagraph3referto?（分數：3.00）

A.Container.

√

B.Evidence.

C.Problem.

D.Product.解析：[解析]詞義理解題。第三段第一句指出“辯論對于銷售產品來說也拾分重要”，因此接下來舉的例子應與推銷產品有關，由此可推測，case一詞指的是某種詳細產品，即“箱子”，故選A。(4).Whatcandebatersbenefitfrom"walkinginanotherperson"sshoes"?（分數：3.00）

A.Becomingmorebroad-minded.

√

B.Developingcriticalthinking.

C.Findingothers"weakpoints.

D.Tryingoutothers"methods.解析：[解析]推理判斷題。根據文章最終一段的內容可知，

“walkinginanotherperson"sshoes”指站在他人的角度思索問題，而Lebeau認為辯論有助于拓寬人的胸襟，因此站在他人的角度思索問題可以變得心胸開闊，容納不一樣的意見，故選A。六、PassageTwo(總題數：1，分數：12.00)Weallloveahero,andrescuedogsaresomeofthebiggestheroesofall.Youwilloftenfindthemgoingaboveandbeyonddutytosavesomeone,risking—andattimeslosing—theirlivesintheprocess.

RescuedogsaregenerallyfoundintheSportingandHuntingGroups,orfromthetraditionalHerdingGroup.ThesetypesincludetheBloodhound,LabradorRetriever,Newfoundland,GermanShepherd,GoldenRetriever,andBelgianMalinois—allofwhicharechosenforsearch-and-rescuedutybecauseoftheiramazingphysicalstrength,loyalty,andtheirtendencyformentalstability.

Thesetypesalsohaveakeensenseofhearingandsmell—tobetterlocatelostindividuals—andareoftenabletoaccesshard-to-reachareas.Ashighlytrainedanimals,theyserveinmanydifferentfields,includingspecialistSearch,snowsliderescue,deadbodylocation,andtracking.

Toovercomeobstaclesandsucceedwhenperformingthedemandingdutiesofasearch-and-rescueworker,adogmustdisplaycertainqualities.Inadditiontointelligenceandstrength,thedogmustbeswift,confident,easilytrainable,adaptable,andhaveahighlevelofstamina(耐力)andendurance.Astrongsenseofgroupcooperationandanabilitytoengageinfriendlyplayduring"down"timeisalsorequiredofsearch-and-rescuedogs.

Arescuedoggoesthroughmany,manyhoursofintensivetrainingtobefitforduty.Trainingisnotforthefaint-hearted.Certificationtrainingcantakefromtwotothreeyears,workingthreetofourhoursaday,threetosixdaysaweek,ofteningroup,team-orientedsessions.

Eachsearch-and-rescuefieldrequiresdifferenttypesoftraining.Rescuetraining,forinstance,includes"airscenting"—wheredogsaretrainedtosmelltheairforthevictim"sscent(氣味)andthenfollowthescenttotheperson.Thisabilityiscrucialtofindingvictimstrappedundercollapsedbuildingsandsnowslide.（分數：12.00）(1).Rescuedogsarechosenprobablybecause______.（分數：3.00）

A.theyareloyal

√

B.theyarebrave

C.theyhaveamazingappearances

D.theyhavegoodeyesight解析：[解析]事實細節題。由第二段最終一句“auofwhicharechosenfor...loyalty,andtheirtendencyformentalstability”可知，挑選搜救犬的條件是強健的體格、忠誠、心理穩定程度，故選A。(2).Whatdoes"faint-hearted"inParagraph5mean?（分數：3.00）

A.Courageous.

B.Cowardly.

√

C.Energetic.

D.Slow.解析：[解析]詞義理解題。第五段重要描述搜救犬需要通過長期的艱苦訓練，因此這種訓練應當不適合·懦弱膽小者，只有頑強的搜救犬才能堅持下來。由此推測，faint-hearted應指“懦弱的”，故選B。(3).Whichabilityismostimportantfordogstorescuepeopletrappedinsnow?（分數：3.00）

A.Sharphearing.

B.Swiftmovement.

C.Extraordinarysmelling.

√

D.Astrongmemory.解析：[解析]推理判斷題。由第六段最終兩句可知，搜救訓練的一項內容是讓搜救犬去嗅空氣中受害者的氣味，這項能力對發現被困在坍塌建筑物和雪崩中的受害者至關重要。由此可推斷，在搜救被困在雪裏的受害者時，搜救犬極其敏銳的嗅覺是最重要的，故選C。(4).Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（分數：3.00）

A.Selectionprocessofrescuedogs.

B.Qualitiesandtrainingofrescuedogs.

√

C.Risksrescuedogsarefacedwith.

D.Typesoftasksrescuedogscanperform.解析：[解析]主旨大意題。文章第二、三、四段重要講搜救犬需要具有的能力和條件，第五、六段講搜救犬的訓練，因此這篇文章的主題是搜救犬的本領和訓練，故選B。七、PassageThree(總題數：1，分數：12.00)Eatinganappleadaydoesn"tkeepthedoctoraway,butitdoesreducetheamountoftripsyoumaketothedrugstoreperyear.That"saccordingtoanewstudythatinvestigateswhetherthere"sanytruthintheoldsaying.

AteamofresearchersledbyDrMatthewDavis,oftheUniversityofMichiganSchoolofNursing,asked8,399participantstoanswersurveyquestionsaboutdietandhealth.Atotalof753wereappleeaters,consumingatleast149gofrawappleperday.Theremaining7,646wereclassedasnon-appleeaters.Whenbothgroupsansweredquestionsontripstothedoctorandtripstothedrugstoreperyear,theappleeaterswerefoundtobe27%lesslikelytovisitthedruggistfordrugs.

Tripstothedoctorwerenotsignificantlyaffectedbyappleconsumption,though."Evidencedoesnotsupportthatanappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.However,thesmallnumberofUSadultswhoeatanappleadaydoesappeartousefewerprescriptionmedications,"thestudyconcludes.

Appleeaterswerealsofoundtobelesslikelytosmokeandbemorelikelytohaveahighereducationalattainmentthannon-appleeaters.Whileapplesdonotcompetewithoranges,theydocontainsomeimmune(免疫的)system-increasingvitaminC,whichmaybewhyapple-eatersvisitthedruggistless.Withover8mgofvitaminCpermedium-sizedfruit,anapplecanprovideroughly14%yourdailyrecommendedintake.

PreviousstudieshavealsolinkedappleconsumptiontoalowerriskofType2diabetes(二型糖尿病),improvedlungfunctionandalowerriskofcolon(結腸)cancer.（分數：12.00）(1).Howmanynon-appleeatersansweredsurveyquestionsintheresearch?（分數：3.00）

A.149.

B.7,646.

√

C.753.

D.8,399.解析：[解析]事實細節題。由第二段前三句可知，總共有8,399人回答了問卷調查的問題；總共有753名吃蘋果的人，他們每天至少消耗149克生蘋果；剩余的7,646人被歸類為不吃蘋果的人，故選B。(2).Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?（分數：3.00）

A.AppleconsumptionhasgreatlyreducedUSadults"tripstothedoctor.

B.Anappleadaydoeskeepthedoctoraway.

C.Applesarefarmorenutritiousthanoranges.

D.AsmallnumberofUSadultappleeaterstendtotakelessmedicine.

√解析：[解析]事實細節題。由第三段最終一句可知，研究成果表明，每天吃一種蘋果的少數美國人似乎確實服用較少的處方藥，故選D。(3).Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?（分數：3.00）

A.Applesarebetterthanoranges.

B.ApplesdohavesomevitaminCtoincreasetheimmunesystem.

√

C.Applescanhelpcurecertaindiseases.

D.Applescanprovidepeoplewithsufficientdailyintakeofenergy.解析：[解析]事實細節題。由第四段第二句話中的“theydocontainsomeimmunesystem-increasingvitaminC”可知，蘋果中確實具有能增強免疫系統的維生素C，故選B。(4).Whatcanbedescribedasthewritingstyleofthispassage?（分數：3.00）

A.Objective.

√

B.Creative.

C.Subjective.

D.Persuasive.解析：[解析]寫作風格題。文章用調查數據和科學觀點來展開論述，因此文章的寫作風格是客觀的，故選A。八、PassageFour(總題數：1，分數：12.00)SometimesIscratchmyheadwhenIreadaboutthegovernment"seffortstoimproveschools:newstandardsandteststobeapplied,strictteacherevaluations,andthreatsofschoolclosuresandjoblosses.Theyfrightentheschoolemployees,nottomentionthestudents.Insteadofmakingpeopleunabletosolveproblemsortrynewideas—whichiswhatfeardoestous—researchonschoolreformstronglysuggeststhatpolicy-makersshouldencourageschoolleaderstotakeamorehumaneapproach.IntheirstudyonthereformeffortsoftwelveChicagopublicschools,BrykandSchneiderfoundthatenablingpositivesocialrelationshipsbetweentheadultswasthekeytosuccessfulschoolimprovementandthattrustwasattheheartofthoserelationships.

Trustinschoolscomesdowntoonething:psychologicalsafetyorsafetytospeakone"smind,todiscusswithopennessandhonestywhatisandisn"tworking,tomakecollectivedecisions.

Yetthiskindofsafetydoesn"tcomeeasilytoschools.AccordingtoBrykandSchneider,theadultsinschoolrelyoneachothertodotheirjobscorrectlyandwithintegrity(正直).Thechallengeisthatourexpectationsareverydiversebasedonouruniquebackgrounds.

AtoneschoolwhereItaught,eachteacherhaddifferentexpectationsabouthowmuchextraeffortteachersshouldputintotheirwork—abigdifferencebetweentheteacherswholeftafterthelastbellandthosewhoworkedintotheevening.Andwhenexpectationsareunconsciousorunspoken,itbecomesimpossibleforotherstoliveuptothem.

Wealsomakeassumptionsabouttheintentionsbehindaperson"sbehavior.Asweallknow,assumptionsareoftenwrong.Forexample,parentsandteachersmaythinktheprincipalmadeaparticulardecisionbasedonhiscareeradvancementratherthanwhat"sbestforthestudents.Ifwedon"tfeelpsychologicallysafetoquestionourassumptionsandexpectations,trustfliesoutthewindowandourrelationshipssuffer.（分數：12.00）(1).AccordingtoParagraph1,whydoestheauthorscratchhishead?（分數：3.00）

A.Becausehedoesn"tknowwhattodoonceschoolsareclosed.

B.Becauseheisnotsureaboutthepracticabilityofthosenewtests.

C.Becauseheisconcernedthatmanyteacherswilllosetheirjobs.

D.Becauseheisnotinfavorofthegovernment"sreformefforts.

√解析：[解析]推理判斷題。由第一段第二、三句可知，作者認為政府針對學校的改革措施威脅到了學校的雇員和學生，并且這些改革使人們失去了處理問題或嘗試新想法的能力，因此，作者撓頭是由于他不贊成政府的改革措施，故選D。(2).AccordingtoBrykandSchneider,whatwasmostimportantforsuccessfulschoolimprovement?（分數：3.00）

A.Newstandardsandtestsinschools.

B.Positivesocialrelationships.

√

C.Strictteacherandstudentevaluations.

D.Assistanceofthegovernment.解析：[解析]事實細節題。由第一段最終一句中的“enablingpositivesocialrelationship...wasthekeytosuccessfulschoolimprovement”可知，Bryk和Schneider認為積極的社會關系對成功的學校改革來說是最重要的，故選B。(3).Whatismeantbytrustinschool?（分數：3.00）

A.Freedomtoexpressone"sviews.

√

B.Extraeffortteachersputintotheirwork.

C.Independenceoftheteachersinschools.

D.Unconsciousandunspokenexpectations.解析：[解析]推理判斷題。由第二段可知，學校中的信任其實就是可以說出心中所想，可以公開、誠實地討論哪些事行得通、哪些事行不通，并且可以做集體決定。因此，學校中的信任就是自由地體現觀點，故選A。(4).Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheassumptionsmadeabouttheintentionsbehindaperson"sbehavior?（分數：3.00）

A.Theyshouldbetrusted.

B.Theyareoftenbold.

C.Theyareoftenincorrect.

√

D.Theyshouldbeencouraged.解析：[解析]事實細節題。由第五段前兩句可知，我們總是猜測一種人的行為背後的意圖，但眾所周知，猜測往往是錯誤的，故選C。九、PassageFive(總題數：1，分數：12.00)AninterestingprojectcalledBlueZonesisrecordingthelifestylesecretsofthecommunitieswiththehighestconcentrationsofcentenariansintheworld.

ThepeopleinthefiveregionsinEurope,LatinAmerica,AsiaandtheUSthatlivetobe100havealotgoingforthem.Genesprobablyplayasmallrole,butthesefolksalsohavestrongsocialties,tightly-knitfamiliesandlotsofopportunitiestoexercise.

AswewereexaminingthedietarysecretsoftheBlueZones,asdescribedinauthorDanBuettner"slatestbook,TheBlueZonesSolution,wewerestruckbyhowessentialteadrinkingisintheseregions.Infact,Buettner"sBlueZonesBeverageRule—akindofguidelinesummarizedfromhis15orsoyearsofstudyingtheseplaces—is:"Drinkcoffeeforbreakfast,teaintheafternoon,wineat5p.m."

Sciencehasplentytosayaboutthehealthfulvirtuesofgreentea.Researchersaremostenthusiasticaboutthecomponentsingreentea,aswellasfoodslikecocoa.WhymighttheyhelpsomanyOkinawansinJapanbreak100?Somecomponentsingreenteacanlowertheriskofstroke,heartdiseaseandseveralcancers.Onereviewstudyalsofoundthatdrinkinggreenteacanslightlyimprovemetabolism(新陳代謝).

IfyoufindyourselfontheislandofIkaria,theGreekBlueZoneinthemiddleoftheAegean,youwon"tbeofferedanyteamadewithtealeaves.Instead,Ikarianstypicallymaketheir