專題二閱讀理解七選五

第2講依據線索詞匯，巧解閱讀七選五

、近五年高考英語七選五考情分析

年份體裁話題線索詞匯考查情況（代詞/同義詞、近義詞/反義涉及線干擾項與線索詞匯相關特點

詞/數字/連接詞）索詞匯

的題目

數量

2019說明文介紹提代詞：“it”指代提升記憶力的某種方法；同義4設置干擾項使用與原文部分同

升記憶詞、近義詞：“enhance”與"improve"，“recall”義詞，但邏輯關系錯誤，如將

力的方與“remember”等；連接詞：“firstly""secondly”因果關系表述為并列關系。

法表順序，"therefore”表因果

2020議論文討論在代詞：“they”指代在線教育相關的事物；同義4干擾項中出現與原文線索詞相

線教育詞、近義詞：“advantage"與"merit",同的詞匯，但語義與上下文不

的利弊“disadvantage"與"drawback"；反義詞：符，利用考生對詞匯的熟悉度

“convenient"與“inconvenient”；連接詞：誤導。

"however"表轉折，"moreover”表遞進

2021記敘文講述作代詞：“this”指代作者之前害怕舞臺的情況；3干擾項設置與原文同義詞相

者克服同義詞、近義詞："fear"與"dread","overcome”關，但與記敘文的情節發展不

舞臺恐與“conquer”；連接詞：“but"表轉折,"then”契合，偏離作者的情感變化和

懼的經表時間順序行動邏輯。

歷

2022說明文關于健代詞：“them”指代各類健康食物；同義詞、4干擾項包含與原文線索詞匯相

康飲食近義詞：“nutritiousw與“healthy","consume"關的表述，但對健康飲食的建

的建議與“eat”；數字：提到食物攝入量的數字，如議錯誤，與上下文語義矛盾，

“afewtimesaweek”；連接詞："also”表遞如錯誤搭配食物種類。

進，“besides”表補充

2023說明文介紹環代詞：“it”指代某種環保出行方式；同義詞、4干擾項使用與原文線索詞類似

保出行近義詞：“environmentally-friendly”與的表達，但邏輯關系錯誤，如

方式“eco-friendly”,ualternativew與“substitute”；將不同出行方式的特點錯誤對

反義詞：“polluting”與“clean”；連接詞：“in比或關聯。

addition,,表遞進，“while”表對比

二、命題特征

1.線索詞匯考查全面：從近五年考情看，代詞、同義詞/近義詞、反義詞、數字和連接詞等

各類線索詞匯均有涉及，且每年考查的線索詞匯類型多樣，要求考生全面掌握利用不同線索

詞匯解題的方法。

2.與文章體裁緊密相關：不同體裁的文章，線索詞匯的運用和考查重點有所不同。說明文常

通過同義詞、反義詞來解釋概念或對比特點，連接詞用于闡述邏輯關系；議論文利用連接詞

表明觀點的論證邏輯，通過反義詞突出觀點的對立；記敘文則借助代詞指代事件或人物，連

接詞推動情節發展。

3.干擾項設置有規律：干擾項常圍繞線索詞匯設置陷阱，利用考生對詞匯的熟悉度，設置看

似相關但邏輯錯誤或語義不連貫的選項，增加解題難度。

三、解題技巧

1.代詞線索

?技巧：找到設空前后的代詞，明確其指代對象，根據指代關系選擇與之匹配的選項。

?真題典例：（2021年真題）

?原文：Learninganewlanguageisachallengingbutrewardingexperience.Itrequirestimeand

effort.Itcanopenupnewcareeropportunitiesandculturalexperiences.

,選項：A.Acquiringanewlanguageskilltakespatience.

,解析：文中"it”指代uLearninganewlanguagev,A選項"Acquiringanewlanguageskill"

與"Learninganewlanguage“同義，"it"與"Acquiringanewlanguageskill”指代一致，所

以A選項正確。

2.同義詞、近義詞線索

?技巧：留意選項和原文中意思相近的詞匯，這些詞匯能提示語義的連貫性，幫助確定答案。

?真題典例：（2019年真題）

?原文：Acomfortablehomeofficeshouldbewell-lit.Naturallightisideal,butifthat'snot

possible,investingoodartificiallighting.Acozyworkspacecanimproveyourproductivity.

,選項：B.Createacozyenvironmentforyourworkarea.

?解析：原文中“comfortable”與選項中“cozy”是近義詞，都在描述家庭辦公室的環境特

點，語義連貫，所以B選項正確。

3.反義詞線索

?技巧：當發現原文中有反義詞時，思考選項中是否存在與之呼應的語義，通過對比關系選

擇合適選項。

?真題典例：（2020年真題）

?原文：Socialmediacanstrengthenourconnectionswithfriendsandfamily,butitcanalso

weakenface-to-facecommunicationskills.

,選項：D.Weshouldbalancetheuseofsocialmediatoavoidweakeningrealrelationships.

,解析：原文中"strengthen"與"weaken”是反義詞，選項D中“avoidweakeningreal

relationshipsv與原文中"weakenface-to-facecommunicationskills”語義相關，且體現了對

“weaken”這一情況的應對，所以D選項正確。

4.數字線索

?技巧：關注文章中的數字，分析數字之間的邏輯關系，如時間順序、數量增減等，選擇符

合數字邏輯的選項。

?真題典例：（2021年真題）

?原文：Itisrecommendedtospendatleast30minutesadaystudyinganewlanguage.After

severalmonthsofconsistentpractice,youwillstarttoseesignificantprogress.

?選項：E.Consistentpracticeoveraperiodofmonthsiskeytomasteringanewlanguage.

?解析：原文中“30minutesaday"和“severalmonths”體現了學習時間的要求和階段,選

項E中aConsistentpracticeoveraperiodofmonths”與原文數字相關的邏輯一致，強調了幾

個月持續練習的重要性，所以E選項正確。

5.連接詞線索

?技巧：根據連接詞判斷句子之間的邏輯關系，如因果、轉折、遞進等，選擇符合邏輯關系

的選項。

?真題典例：（2023年真題）

?原文：Smarthomedevicesoffergreatconvenience.Moreover,theycanenhancethesecurityof

yourhome.

?選項：F.Inadditiontoconvenience,smarthomedevicesprovideaddedsecurityfeatures.

?解析：原文中“moreover”表示遞進關系，選項F中“Inadditionto”同樣表示遞進，且

“convenience"和“security”與原文表述一致，邏輯連貫，所以F選項正確。

四、易錯失分點

1.線索詞匯遺漏：由于閱讀速度過快或粗心，未能發現文章和選項中的關鍵線索詞匯，導致

無法利用線索解題。

2.指代關系錯誤：對代詞的指代對象判斷失誤，選擇了與指代關系不符的選項。

3.邏輯關系誤判：對連接詞所表達的邏輯關系理解錯誤，或者沒有注意到同義詞、反義詞所

體現的語義關系，從而選錯答案。

4.數字邏輯混亂：沒有正確理解數字之間的邏輯順序或數量關系，被干擾項中錯誤的數字邏

輯所誤導。

5.受干擾項迷惑:干擾項中出現與線索詞匯相關的信息，但整體語義或邏輯與上下文不匹配,

考生因缺乏對上下文的整體把握而選擇了干擾項。

五、實戰演練

（七）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中的兩項為多途

選項。

Informalconversationisanimportantpartofanybusinessrelationship.]Latin

Americansenjoysharinginformationabouttheirlocalhistory,art,andcustoms.Theyexpect

questionsabouttheirfamilyandaresuretoshowpicturesoftheirchildren.TheFrenchthinkof

conversationasanartform.2Forthem,argumentscanbeinteresting—andtheycancover

prettymuchoranytopic—aslongastheyoccurinarespectfulandintelligentmanner.

IntheUnitedStates,businesspeopleliketodiscussawiderangeoftopics,includingopinions

aboutwork,family,hobbies,andpolitics.3Theydonotsharemuchabouttheirthoughts,

feelings,oremotionsbecausetheyfeelthatdoingsomighttakeawayfromtheharmonious

businessrelationshipthey'retryingtobuild.MiddleEasternersarealsoprivateabouttheirpersonal

livesandfamilymatters.Itisconsideredrude,forexample,toaskabusinessmanfromSaudi

Arabiaabouthiswifeorchildren.

4Thiscangetyouintotrouble,evenintheUnitedStates,wherepeoplehold

differentviews.Sportsistypicallyafriendlysubjectinmostpartsoftheworld,althoughbecareful

nottocriticizeanationalsport.5

A.Instead,befriendlyandpraiseyourhosfsteam.

B.YoumayfeelfreetoaskyourLatinAmericanfriendssimilarquestions.

C.Beforeyoustartadiscussion,however,makesureyouunderstandwhichtopicsaresuitable

inaparticularculture.

D.InJapan,China,andKorea,however,peoplearemuchmoreprivate.

E.Inaddition,discussingone'ssalaryisusuallyconsideredunsuitable.

F.Theyenjoythevalueoflivelydiscussionsaswellasdisagreements.

G.Asageneralrule,ifsbestnottotalkaboutpoliticsorreligionwithyourbusinessfriends.

（八）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余

選項。

71Itisanewtermintoday'stourismindustry.Butinanageofgrowingenvironmental

awareness,itisnottoodifficultforustoimagineandunderstandthisnewformofholiday.

Ecotourism,whichisconsideredasakindofresponsibletourism,istypicallydefined（定義）

astraveltoplaceswherespecialandunusualplants,animalsandculturalheritages（遺產）arethe

mainattractions.72Therefore,programsconcerningtheprotectionofsomenaturalandcultural

spotsalsoformapartofecotourism.

Ecotourismisdevelopingatgreatspeed.AccordingtoarecentreportbytheWorldTourism

Organization,ecotourisminrecentyearshasenjoyedanannualgrowthofabout5%

worldwide.73Theyincludebirdwatching,hiking,diving,photographyandtakingpartin

variouskindsoflocalculturalevents.

74However,itlookslikesomesmallertownsandcountryareasmaywellbecomethenew

destinationsforpeopletovisittomorrowbecausetheyarerichinecological,culturalandhistorical

resources.

Ecotourismhasbeengainingincreasingrecognitionandpopularitymainlyfortherelaxing,

naturalandvividexperienceitofferstotourists.Peopleareattractedtonatureandlongtobeclose

toit.However,aconflictbetweennatureandhumanbeingsisunavoidable.75

A.Thedefinitionofecotourismisbeyondwords.

B-Ittakesecology（生態學）andcultureintoconsideration.

C.Youmaynotbeveryfamiliarwith"ecotourism".

D.Morethan80activitieshavebeenlistedforecotourism.

E.Peoplecanhavegreatfunenjoyingnaturethroughecotourism.

F.Bigcitiesarestillthemajorplacesthatattracttouristsinoursocietytoday.

G.Howtoprotectnaturalresourceswhiletakingadvantageofthemisofgreatimportance.

（七）七選五答案

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中的兩項為多途

選項。

（七）七選五答案

1-5CFDGA

同題異構（7）

閱讀理解。

Informalconversationisanimportantpartofanybusinessrelationship.Beforeyoustarta

discussion,however,makesureyouunderstandwhichtopicsaresuitableandwhichare

consideredtaboo（禁忌）inaparticularculture.LatinAmericansenjoysharinginformation

abouttheirlocalhistory,art,andcustoms.

Youmayexpectquestionsaboutyourfamily,andbesuretoshowpicturesofyourchildren.You

mayfeelfreetoasksimilarquestionsofyourLatinAmericanfriends.TheFrenchthinkof

conversationasanartform,andtheyenjoythevalueoflivelydiscussionsaswellas

disagreements.Forthem,argumentscanbeinteresting-andtheycancoverprettymuchorany

topic-aslongastheyoccurinarespitefulandintelligentmanner.

IntheUnitedStates,businesspeopleliketodiscussawiderangeoftopics,including

opinionsaboutwork,family,hobbies,andpolitics.InJapan,China,andKorea,however,

peoplearemuchmoreprivate.Theydonotsharemuchabouttheirthoughts,feelings,or

emotionsbecausetheyfeelthatdoingsomighttakeaway

fromtheharmoniousbusinessrelationshipthey'retryingtobuild.MiddleEasternersarealso

privateabouttheirpersonallivesandfamilymatters.Itisconsideredrude,forexample,toask

abusinessmanfromSaudiArabiaabouthiswifeorchildren.

Asageneralrule,it'sbestnottotalkaboutpoliticsorreligionwithyourbusinessfriends.

Thiscangetyouintotrouble,evenintheUnitedStates,wherepeopleholddifferentreligious

views.Inaddition,discussingone*ssalaryisusuallyconsideredunsuitable.Sportsistypically

afriendlysubjectinmostpartsoftheworld,althoughbecarefulnottocriticizeflnational

sport.Instead,befriendlyandpraiseyourhoststeam.

1.Theauthorconsiderspoliticsandreligion.

A.cheerfultopics

B.taboo

C.rudetopics

D.topicsthatcanneverbetalkedabout

2.Whichistypicallyafriendlytopicinmostplacesaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Sports.

B.Children.

C.Personalfeelings.

D.Families.

3.WhyarepeoplefromAsiamoreprivateintheirconversationwithothers?

A.Theydon'twanttotalkmuchwithothers.

B.Theydon'twanttohavetheirgoodrelationshipwithothersharmedbyinformalconversation.

C.Theyareafraidtoarguewiththeircolleagues.

D.Theywanttokeeptheirfeelingstothemselves.

4.Whatshouldn'tyoudowhentalkingaboutsportswithcolleaguesfromanothercountry?

A.Praisingyourowncountry'ssports.

B.Criticizingyourowncountry'ssports.

C.Praisingthesportsofyourcolleagues*country.

D.Criticizingthesportsofyourcolleagues*country.

閱讀理解參考答案

1-4:BABD

小題1:B

小題2:A

小題3:B

小題4:D

非正式談話是任何商業聯系中的一個重要組成部分，不過談話時，可別無所顧忌，一定要適

可而止。

小題1:語義理解題。從最后一段第1句話Asgeneralrule,it'sbestnottotalkaboutpolit

icsorreligion（宗教）withyourbusinessfriends可以明顯看出答案為什么選B。

小題2:細節題。命題依據是最后一段第4句話Sportsistypicallyafriendlysubjectinmost

partsoftheworldo

小題3:判斷題。從第2段第3句話…becausetheyfeelthatdoingsomighttakeawayfrom

theharmonious（和諧的）businessrelationshipthey'retryingtobuild可以推知。

小題4:語義理解題。根據最后一段第4句話中的…althoughbecarefulnottocriticizeanat

ionalsport可知答案為D。

七選五（八）答案

你也許不熟悉所謂的生態旅游

在今天的旅游產業里，這是個新名詞,但是在正在發展的環境認知領域里，這些年里，這個新形

態的假日休閑模式并不難想象和理解.

生態旅行，被認為是一種可靠地旅游方式,通常被定義為，去一些特別和有稀有動，植物和文化

遺產的地方旅行,這些都是主要的亮點.他同時都考慮到了生態和文化的結合.所以，同樣

考慮到自然和文化的地點的保護，就構成了生態旅行的一部分.

生態旅行正在飛速發展.根據近期一個WTO（世界旅游組織）的報告，生態旅行在近些年來以

每年5%的速度在世界范圍內增長.

1-5CBDFG

（九）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中的兩項為多途

選項。

IwastenwhenIfirstsatwithmygrandmotherbehindthecashier（收銀臺）inhergeneral

store.71Iquicklylearnedtheimportanceoftreatingcustomerspolitelyandsaying"thank

you.”

AtfirstIwaspaidincandy.72Iworkedeverydayafterschool,andduringthesummer

andonweekendsandholidaysfrom8a.m.to7p.m.Myfatherhelpedmesetupabank

account.73

BythetimeIwas12,MygrandmotherthoughtIhaddonesuchagoodjobthatshepromoted

metosellingcosmetics（化妝品）.Idevelopedtheabilitytolookcustomersdirectlyintheeye.

EventhoughIwasjustakid,womenwouldaskmesuchthingsas"WhatcolordoyouthinkI

shouldwear?"Itookarealinterestintheirquestionsandwasabletotranslatewhattheywanted

intomakeup（化妝）ideas.74

Thejobtaughtmeavaluablelesson:tobeasuccessfulsalesperson,youdidn'tneedtobeaRocket

scientist-youneededtobeagreatlistener.75Excepttheyarenolongerwomenpurchasing

cosmeticsfromme;instead,theyarekidswhotellmewhichtoystheywouldliketoseedesigned

anddeveloped.

A.LaterIreceived50centsanhour.

B.Beforelong,sheletmesittherebymyself.

C.Iendedmysellingarecordamountofcosmetics.

D.TodayIstillcarrythatlessonwithme:Ilistentocustomers.

E.Mygrandma'strusttaughtmehowtohandleresponsibility.

F.SoonIfoundmyselflookingmorebeautifulthaneverbefore.

G.WatchingmymoneygrowwasmorerewardingthananythingIcouldhavebought.

（十）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中的兩項為多途

選項。

Doctorssayangercanbeanextremelydamagingemotion,unlessyoulearnhowtodealwith

it.Theywarnthatangercanleadtoheartdisease,stomachproblems,headaches,emotional

problemsandpossiblycancer.

71Somepeopleexpressangeropenlyinacalmreasonableway.Othersburstwithanger,

andscreamandyell.Butotherpeoplekeeptheirangerinside.Theycannotorwillnotexpressit.

Thisiscalledrepressinganger.

Foryearsmanydoctorsthoughtthatrepressingangerwasmoredangeroustoaperson9shealth

thanexpressingit.Theysaidthatwhenapersonisangry,thebrainreleasesthesamehormones（荷

爾蒙）.Theyspeedtheheartrate,raisebloodpressure,orsugarintotheblood,etc.72

Somedoctorssaythatbothrepressingandexpressingangercanbedangerous.Theybelieve

thatthosewhoexpressangerviolentlymaybemorelikelytodevelopheartdisease,andthey

believethatthosewhokeepangerinsidemayfaceagreaterdangerofhighbloodpressure.

73Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseof

theanger,thendecideifthecauseisseriousenoughtogetangryabout.Ifitis,theysay,

“74Waituntilyourangerhascooleddownandyouareabletoexpressyourselfcalmlyand

reasonably.”

Doctorssaythatagoodwaytodealwithangeristofindhumorinthesituationthathasmade

youangry.75

A.Ingeneralthepersonfeelsexcitedandreadytoact.

B.Theysaythatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.

C.Expressingangerviolentlyismoreharmfulthanrepressingit.

D.Angermaycauseyouacancer.

E.Donotexpressyourangerwhileangry.

F.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.

G.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.

（九）參考答案

小題71:B

小題72:A

小題73:G

小題74:C

小題75:D

小題71:選B。從后一句Iquicklylearnedtheimportanceoftreatingcustomerspolitelyandsaying

“thankyou”.可推知，作者的祖母先讓作者跟著她學，然后讓作者獨立工作，所以他很快懂

得有禮貌地對待客人的重要性。

小題72:選Ao前面有atfirst,和本項中的later一致。

小題73:選Go根據前一句的Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.可確定答案。

小題74:選C。同樣根據前一句確定答案。

小題75:選Do上文提到avaluablelesson,這里承接上下文。

七選五（十）參考答案

71—75FAGEB

閱讀理解。

Doctorssayangercanbeanextremelydamagingemotion,unlessyoulearnhowtodealwith

it.Theywarnthatangercanleadtoheartdisease,stomachproblems,headaches,emotional

problemsandpossiblycancer.

Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.Somepeopleexpressanger

openlyinacalmreasonableway.Othersburstwithanger,andscreamandyell.Butotherpeople

keeptheirangerinside.Theycannotorwillnotexpressit.Thisiscalledrepressinganger.

Foryearsmanydoctorsthoughtthatrepressingangerwasmoredangeroustoaperson's

healththanexpressingit.Theysaidthatwhen