裝配式鋼結構的特點Characteristicsofprefabricatedsteelstructures裝配式鋼結構特點鋼結構是天然的裝配式建筑，具有綠色建筑的特征，廢鋼可以重新冶煉成鋼材，因此，鋼結構建筑被譽為“綠色建筑”。Steelstructureisanaturalprefabricatedbuilding,whichhasthecharacteristicsofgreenbuilding.Scrapsteelcanberesmeltedintosteel.Therefore,steelstructurebuildingsareknownas"greenbuildings".裝配式鋼結構有什么特點呢？裝配式鋼結構特點CharacteristicsofprefabricatedsteelstructuresWhatarethecharacteristicsofprefabricatedsteelstructures?鋼結構工程的優點鋼結構工程的缺點Advantagesofsteelstructuralengineering

Disadvantagesofsteelstructuralengineering鋼結構工程的優點Advantagesofsteelstructuralengineering鋼結構鋼板熱軋型鋼冷加工成型的薄壁型鋼連接、制造、組裝而成鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuressteelstructuresteelplatehot-rolledsectionColdformedThin-walledsteelConnected,manufactured,assembled輕質高強鋼材的強度與重力密度之比，比混凝土要高得多。例如Q355的鋼，屈服強度355MPa，重力密度是7800Kg/m3，而常用的C30混凝土2500kg/m3，強度只有30MPa，相比之下鋼材的強度與重力密度之比是混凝土的3倍多。鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresTheratioofstrengthtogravitydensityofsteelismuchhigherthanthatofconcrete.(3timesormore)

Lightweightandhigh-strengthForexample,Q355steelhasayieldstrengthof355MPaandagravitydensityof7800Kg/m3，AndcommonlyusedC30concrete2500kg/m3，Thestrengthisonly30MPa,comparedtotheratioofsteelstrengthtogravitydensity,whichismorethanthreetimesthatofconcrete.在同樣的受力條件下，鋼結構用材料更少，自重輕。鋼屋架質量不超過鋼筋混凝土屋架的1/4~1/3鋼材的強度與重力密度之比，比混凝土要高得多。（3倍以上）輕質高強鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructures

Lightweightandhigh-strength

Theratioofstrengthtogravitydensityofsteelismuchhigherthanthatofconcrete.(3timesormore)Underthesamestressconditions,steelstructuresusefewermaterialsandhavealighterselfweight.Thequalityofsteelrooftrussshallnotexceed1/4~1/3ofthatofreinforcedconcreterooftruss鋼結構塑性、韌性好變形處理鋼材良好的塑性，使結構在一般情況下不會因超載而突然斷裂，在破壞前變形增大，有明顯征兆，易于補救。鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresGoodplasticityandtoughnessofsteelstructuresThegoodplasticityofsteelensuresthatthestructurewillnotsuddenlybreakduetooverloadundernormalcircumstances,andthedeformationincreasesbeforefailure,withobvioussignsandeasytoremedy.鋼結構韌性好，對動力荷載的適應力強。鋼筋混凝土結構在地震中整體倒塌高層建筑鋼柱在地震中拼接焊縫斷裂鋼結構的優點鋼結構塑性、韌性好

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresGoodplasticityandtoughnessofsteelstructuresThesteelstructurehasgoodtoughnessandstrongadaptabilitytodynamicloads.OverallcollapseofreinforcedconcretestructuresduringearthquakesSplicingweldseamfractureofsteelcolumnsinhigh-risebuildingsduringearthquakes鋼結構節點材質均勻，和力學的假定比較符合鋼結構組織均勻，接近各向同性勻質體。鋼結構的實際工作性能比較符合目前采用的理論計算結果，因此，可靠性高。實際工作性能≈

理論計算模型鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresThematerialisuniformandconsistentwiththeassumptionsofmechanicsThesteelstructureisuniformlyorganizedandnearlyisotropichomogeneous.Theactualworkingperformanceofthesteelstructureisinlinewiththetheoreticalcalculationresultscurrentlyused,therefore,ithashighreliabilityActualworkingperformancetheoreticalmodelingsteeljoint抗震性能優越鋼結構自重輕和結構體系相對較柔，所以受到地震的作用較小。又具有較高的抗拉和抗壓強度以及較好的塑性和韌性，故抗震性能優越。鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresSuperiorseismicperformanceThesteelstructurehasalightweightandarelativelyflexiblestructuralsystem,soitislessaffectedbyearthquakes.Italsohashightensileandcompressivestrength,aswellasgoodplasticityandtoughness,soitsseismicperformanceissuperior工業化程度高——良好的加工性能和焊接性能，易于工廠化生產，施工周期短、效率高、質量好。工廠制作鋼構件運輸現場吊裝鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresHighdegreeofindustrialization-goodprocessingandweldingperformance,easyfactoryproduction,shortconstructioncycle,highefficiency,andgoodqualityFactoryproductionTransportationofsteelcomponentsOnsitelifting鋼材本身組織致密，焊接的鋼結構可以做到完全密閉，具有良好的氣密性和水密性。西氣東輸密封性好能夠滿足一些要求氣密性和水密性好的高壓容器、大型油庫、氣柜油罐和管道等的要求。鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresGoodsealingperformanceThesteelitselfhasadensestructure,andtheweldedsteelstructurecanachievecompletesealing,withgoodairandwatertightness.Itcanmeettherequirementsofhigh-pressurevessels,largeoildepots,gastanks,oiltanks,andpipelinesthatrequiregoodairandwatertightness.West-EastGasTransmission鋼結構節能、環保鋼結構墻體采用新型輕質復合墻板鋼結構房屋的墻體多采用新型輕質復合墻板或輕質砌塊，樓（屋）面采用復合樓板，符合建筑節能和環保的要求。鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresEnergysavingandenvironmentalprotectionofsteelstructuresThewallsofsteelstructurehousesoftenusenewlightweightcompositewallpanelsorlightweightblocks,andthefloor(roof)surfaceusescompositefloors,whichmeettherequirementsofbuildingenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionThesteelstructurewalladoptsanewtypeoflightweightcompositewallpanel鋼結構節能、環保美國911世貿中心廢墟鋼材建成的美國紐約號軍艦鋼結構加工制造過程中產生的余料和碎屑,以及廢棄和破壞了的鋼結構或構件,均可回爐重新冶煉成鋼材重復使用。鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresEnergysavingandenvironmentalprotectionofsteelstructuresSurplusmaterialsanddebrisgeneratedduringthemanufacturingprocessofsteelstructures,aswellasabandonedanddamagedsteelstructuresorcomponents,canbereturnedtothefurnaceforresmeltingintosteelforreuseTheUSSNewYork,builtfromsteelfromtheruinsoftheWorldTradeCenteronSeptember11th,USA鋼結構的施工方式為干式施工可避免混凝土濕式施工所造成的環境污染。鋼材被稱為綠色建筑材料或可持續發展的材料。鋼結構的優點

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresTheconstructionmethodofsteelstructureisdryconstructionAvoidingenvironmentalpollutioncausedbywetconcreteconstructionSteelisknownasgreenbuildingmaterialsorsustainabledevelopmentmaterials鋼結構工程的缺點Disadvantagesofsteelstructuralengineering耐腐蝕性差在沒有腐蝕性介質的一般環境中，鋼結構經除銹后再涂上合格的防腐涂料后，銹蝕問題并不嚴重。但在潮濕和有腐蝕性介質的環境中，鋼結構容易銹蝕，需要定期維護，這就增加了維護費用。鋼結構的缺點PoorcorrosionresistanceDisadvantagesofSteelStructuresInageneralenvironmentwithoutcorrosivemedia,thecorrosionproblemofsteel

structuresisnotseriousafterrustremovalandapplyingqualifiedanti-corrosioncoatings.However,inhumidandcorrosiveenvironments,steelstructuresarepronetorustingandrequireregularmaintenance,whichincreasesmaintenancecosts.南京大勝關長江大橋特選用雙峰HDPE護套,及在拉索內填充具有水汽隔絕,阻蝕防腐和潤滑抗磨雙重作用的防腐填充物。鋼結構的缺點耐腐蝕性差DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresPoorcorrosionresistanceSpeciallyselectedbimodalHDPEsheathandfilledwithanti-corrosionfillingmaterialwithdualfunctionsofwatervaporinsulation,corrosionresistance,corrosionprevention,andlubricationandwearresistanceinthecableNanjingDashengguanYangtzeRiverBridge南京大勝關長江大橋我國已研究生產出耐腐蝕鋼并應用于工程結構。鋼結構的缺點耐腐蝕性差PoorcorrosionresistanceChinahasresearchedandproducedcorrosion-resistantsteelandappliedittoengineeringstructuresNanjingDashengguanYangtzeRiverBridge耐火性差2001年9月11日年美國世貿中心大樓鋼材雖為非燃燒體，但當溫度達到300℃以上時,強度逐漸下降，達到600℃時,強度幾乎為零。鋼結構的缺點DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresPoorfireresistanceAlthoughsteelisanoncombustiblematerial,itsstrengthgraduallydecreaseswhenthetemperaturereaches300℃orabove,andreachesalmostzerowhenthetemperaturereaches600℃.September11,2001,WorldTradeCenterBuilding,USA低溫脆裂碳鋼的塑性隨溫度的變化曲線鋼結構在低溫條件下，可能發生脆性斷裂。負溫度區，鋼材的塑性隨溫度降低而變差。鋼結構的缺點DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresLow-temperatureembrittlementSteelstructuresmayundergobrittlefractureunderlowtemperatureconditionsInthenegativetemperatureregion,theplasticityofsteelbecomesworsewiththetemperaturedecreasing.Temperaturedependentplasticitycurveofcarbonsteel低溫脆裂泰坦尼克號沉船事故鋼材的冷脆性，即在-40℃~0℃的溫度下，鋼材的力學行為由韌性變成脆性，從而導致災難性的脆性斷裂。鋼結構的缺點DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresLow-temperatureembrittlementThecoldbrittlenessofsteelreferstothemechanicalbehaviorofsteelchangingfromtoughnesstobrittlenessattemperaturesrangingfrom-40℃to0℃,leadingtocatastrophicbrittlefracture.Titanicsinkingaccident裝配式鋼結構特點優點輕快好省輕質高強（跨越更大跨度，承受更大荷載；工業化程度高（結構體系化、工廠化、標準化、模數化），工期短（工廠化生產：自動化、機械化；現場機械安裝)；材性好；抗震性能好；密封性好；耐熱性好；耐久性好；易于拆裝；可回收再利用；節能、節材、節水、節地取材，對環境破壞小，材料可重復使用，屬于生態建筑。缺點易腐蝕不耐火需定期維護，增加了維護費用；低溫脆性斷裂有特殊防火要求時需要有保護措施；嚴寒地區要特別注意。DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresadvantagedisadvantageeasycorrosionNonfirer