Unit1LookatthepaintingSchoolofAthensonpage1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthepainting?Doyouknowwhopaintedit?LookandThinkSchoolofAthens.Itwaspaintedbyartist

Raphael.SchoolofAthensisofthefresco(濕壁畫)paintingbyRaphael.Itwaspaintedbetween1509and1511onawallintheApostolicPalace(使徒宮)inVaticanCity(梵蒂岡城).ItisperhapsthemostfamousofallofRaphael’spaintingsandoneofthemostsignificantartworksofthe

Renaissance.SchoolofAthens

isshowing

Plato

and

Aristotle

surroundedbyphilosophers,pastandpresent,inasplendid(華麗的)architecturalsetting.Whatcanyouseeinthepainting?Whoarethesepeople?Whataretheydoing?IcanseemanyancientGreekpeoplegatheringinahall.TheyarefamousphilosopherssuchasPlato(柏拉圖),Aristotle(亞里士多德),Socrates(蘇格拉底),andPythagoras(畢達哥拉斯).Theyarediscussing.Atthecentreofthe

SchoolofAthens

arePlatoandAristotle.

Thetwomenhaddifferentpursuits(追求),Platobeingengagedwithsuchspiritualideasastruth,beauty,and

justice

andAristotlebeingconcernedwithworldlyreality.Thesedifferencesareevidentinthe

painting.

Plato,ontheleft,pointsskywardwhileholdingacopyof

Timaeus(蒂邁歐篇),andAristotlegesturestothegroundandpropsupacopyofhis

Ethics(倫理學).UNIT1

ARTArtisanexpressionofthesoul.Whensomethingiscreated,itisnotart.Itonlybecomesartwhenitisappreciatedbysomeoneotherthantheartist.Artisnothingwithoutappreciation.

Whatisart?Whydoyouthinkpeoplecreateart?Whatcanyougetfromappreciatingart?Ithinkpeoplecreateartbecauseartshowsbeauty,truth,andhope.Artmakespeoplefeelinspired.ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTINGLearnaboutdifferentpaintingstylesinwesternartLearningObjectives1.Studentscanknowthediscourseandlanguagefeaturesofscienceexposition.2.Studentscanfigureoutthewritingpurposesandtargetreadersbygenreandlanguagefeatures.3.Studentscanconsiderandexpectthedevelopmentoffuturetechnologypositively.4.Studentscancollectandsortoutrelevantinformationaboutfututelife.1.Lookatthepaintingsinthissection.Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?Doyouknowwhopaintedthem?Beforeyouread,discussthesequestions.1ReadingandThinkingLearnaboutdifferentpaintingstylesinWesternartSelf-PortraitwithShadedEyesisanoilpaintingbyRembrandt,paintedin1634.Hepaintedmanyself-portraitsaswellasportraitsofwealthyandimportantpeopleofthetime.Impression,SunriseisanoilpaintingbyMonet,paintedin1872.ItshowstheportofLeHavreinnorthernFrance.Thepainting’sstyleandnamecreatedthemovementcalledImpressionism.AGirlwithaWateringCanisanoilpaintingbyRenoir,paintedin1876.ItwaspaintedinMonet’sfamousgardenathishomeinnorthernFrance.GirlBeforeaMirrorisanoilpaintingbyPicasso,paintedin1932.ItisaportraitofMarie-ThérèseWalter,amodelandmuseofPicasso,whomhelikedtopaintinthe1930s.Thewoman’sreflectionlooksdifferentfromthewoman,whichrepresentshowthewomanseesherself.JustinianandHisAttendantsisaByzantinemosaicworkofartfromthestartoftheMiddleAgesperiod.MosaicswereapopularartformintheByzantineEmpirefromthe6thcenturytotheendoftheEmpireinthe15thcentury.Mosaicswerefrequentlyusedtodecoratethewallsandceilingsofchurches.Thismosaic,createdin547CE,islocatedintheChurchofSanVitaleinRavenna,Italy.TheworksymbolisestheimportanceoftheRomanemperorJustinian,whoissurroundedbymembersofthechurch,government,andmilitary.LaDonnaVelata,orTheWomanwiththeVeilisanoilpaintingbyRaphael.ItisaportraitofMargheritaLuti,amodelandmuseofRaphael,whoalsoappearsinanotherofhispaintings.Herclothesinthepaintingaredetailedandshowherwealth.Readthetitle,thefirstparaandthesubtitles.Thinkaboutanddiscussfollowingquestionswithyourpartner.Whatisthepassageabout?Thetextmainlytellsus______majorstylesof_________________,showingthe_____________________ofit.fourWesternpaintingsdevelopment/historyReadingandThinking2ReadthepassageandmakeaflowcharttoshowthechangesinWesternpaintingstyles.TheMiddleAgesTheRenaissanceModernArtImpressionismreligiousthemesnotrealistic;primitiveandtwo-dimensional13thcentury;morerealisticandshowedpeopleinarealenvironmentlessreligiousthemesmorehumanisticattitudeuseofperspectiveuseofoilpaintsdeepcoloursandrealism,looklikephotographsemphasisshiftedtopeopleandtheworldaroundusportraitsofpeopleofhighrankthemesofhistoricaleventsandmythologyReadingandThinking3ModernArtImpressionismfollowedinventionofphotographypaintingswerenotneededtopreservewhatthingslookedlikeaimedtoconveylightandmovementratherthanrecordingrealisticdetailfocusedonpeople,nature,anddailylifefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlifeshowedinnerlifeofthesubjecttooanalysedshapesofthenaturalworldinanewwayrealisticbutdream-likequalitiesabstractnolongershowedreality,butaskedthequestion“Whatisart?”indifferentwaysTohelpidentifythechangesthatanarticletalksabout,lookforwordsthatexpresschange,suchasdevelopment,breakthrough,innovation,begin,andshift,andtheconstructionfrom…to….HowtoIdentifychangeReadingandThinkingIdentifychange從標題ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING可知，本文是按照時間順序來介紹“西方的繪畫史”。此類文章常使用表示變化的表達來呈現事物的發展過程。在中世紀時期，繪畫有服務于宗教的特殊使命，因而這一階段畫作的一大特征是凸顯主要人物。而這一切在13世紀發生了改變（change）。到文藝復興時期，人文主義思想取代了（replaced）中世紀的舊理念，畫家們開始（began）對生活采用更加人文主義的態度。就繪畫手法而言，透視法是這一時期的重大突破（breakthrough）。另一項創新（innovation）是油畫顏料的使用。同時，繪畫主題也從宗教轉向（shifted）人與周圍的事物。19世紀中葉，攝影的發明（invention）驅使畫家們尋找一種新的方式（findanewway）來審視他們的藝術，促使印象派的出現（emerged）。到了現代，繪畫呈現出多元化發展的趨勢。立體派的代表人物畢加索以新的方式（inanewway）來描繪自然界；還有一些畫家轉向（turnedto）抽象藝術。綜上所述，可以看出本文使用與變化相關的表達有：change,replaced,began,breakthrough,innovation,shifted,invention,findanewway,emerged,inanewway，turnedto。讀者在閱讀時捕捉到這些與變化發展有關的表達，有助于快速鎖定事物各個發展階段的特征。Listthewordsandexpressionsofchangingfromthetext.名詞：動詞：副詞：介詞：形容詞：連詞：development,breakthrough,innovationbegin,replace,shift,slow,emerge,tryfinally,insteadunlikeless,new,moreuntilReadingandThinking詞塊：begantochange,builtupon,reacheditsheightwith,shiftedfrom…to…,nolonger,turnedto…Whilehispaintingsstill…,theyshowed…New…graduallyreplacedoldonesfrom…句子：ReadingandThinkingWritethecorrectperiodundertheworksofart.Usetheinformationinthereadingpassagetohelpyou.ImpressionismModernArtTheMiddleAgesTheRenaissanceReadingandThinking4TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)ModernArt(fromthe20thcenturytotoday)Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?Wherecanyoufindthiskindofpassage?

ReadingandThinkingReadagain,discussthesequestions.It’saninformativeessay.Aninformativeessay(知識性小品文)informsthereaderaboutasubject,topic,issue,orevent.Thepurposeofaninformativeessayistoprovideknowledgetothereader,withthegeneralassumptionthatthereaderknowslittleaboutthetopicinquestion.Thegoalofaninformativeessayisnottopresentyouropinion,buttoinformoreducatetheaudienceonagiventopic.ReadingandThinking1.WhichperiodofWesternartdoyoulikemost?Whyareyoufondofit?IlikeModernArtmost.Therearemanydifferentstyleswithinthisperiod.ThepaintingsofModernArtcanmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Discussthefollowingquestionsingroups.ReadingandThinking52.Howwouldyouanswerthequestion“Whatisart?”Ithinkthatartisanythingthatsomeonehascreatedandisbeautifulorproducesemotioninsideus.Artisnotjustpaintinganddrawing.Itcanbephotography,orcooking,or