UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUESReadanddiscussthefunctionsandmeaningsofthe-ingform.Conclusion:現在分詞(v-ing)作狀語，其動作發出者是主句的_____,呈___(主/被)動關系。一般置于_____或______?，F在分詞(v-ing)作賓語補足語，常放在賓語后面,對賓語進行補充說明表示一個____________________的動作,強調一個過程或一種狀態。句首句尾主語主正在進行的主動性

一、現在分詞作狀語

The–ingformastheAttributive

狀語定義：

狀語（adv.）就是在一個句子中用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或整個句子的成分.用作狀語的通常是副詞，介詞短語，不定式,現在分詞，過去分詞和從句。

通常來說狀語就是為了說明一個動作/事情發生的時間，地點，目的，方式，原因、條件、結果、讓步等等。

所以，通常就會出現我們所說的時間狀語，地點狀語，原因狀語，條件狀語從句等等。IfoughtwithPeterfiercely

thismorning

intheclassroom

becausehecalledmeanidiot.1.現在分詞作時間狀語現在分詞作時間狀語時，相當于時間狀語從句。可在現在分詞前加連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時間意義更明確。Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝When/while(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.2.現在分詞作原因狀語現在分詞作原因狀語時，可轉換為由since,because或as引導的原因狀語從句，這類狀語多放在句子的前半部分。Beingill,hecouldn'tgotoschool.＝As/Because/Sincehewasill,hecouldn'tgotoschool.3.

現在分詞作條件狀語現在分詞作條件狀語時，可轉換為if,once或unless等引導的條件狀語從句。

Workinghard,you'llmakegreatprogress.＝Ifyouworkhard,you'llmakegreatprogress.4.現在分詞作讓步狀語現在分詞作讓步狀語時，相當于一個以though/although/evenif/eventhough引導的讓步狀語從句。盡管被告知了很多次，但他還是犯了同樣的錯。Havingbeentoldsomanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistakes.＝Although/Thoughhehadbeentoldsomanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistakes.5.現在分詞作結果狀語

表示自然而然的,意料之中的結果，通常放在句末。有時為了突出結果，現在分詞前可加thus，相當于so或sothat引導的結果狀語從句。Hewascaughtintheheavyrain,thus

makinghimselfcatchacold.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.

注意：不定式作結果狀語時，常與only，never連用，表示一種出乎意料的結果。Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.6.現在分詞作方式或伴隨狀語

謂語動詞表示動作發生的方式、背景或情況。此時現在分詞的動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發生?，F在分詞或分詞短語作伴隨狀語時可以轉換成并列成分。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.=Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook.分析下列句子中現在分詞作狀語的類型：1.Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforthestation.2.Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.3.Livingmilesaway,heattendedthelecture.4.Notknowinghisaddress,Ican’twritetohim.5.Helayinbed,readinganovel.時間狀語結果狀語讓步狀語原因狀語伴隨狀語7.現在分詞作評論性狀語

有些現在分詞（短語），沒有邏輯主語而獨立存在，往往位于句首用來

修飾全句，表明說話者的態度、觀點等。如：

judgingfrom/by由……判斷considering/(giventhat)...鑒于/考慮到……generallyspeaking一般說來roughlyspeaking大致說來franklyspeaking坦率地說honestlyspeaking誠實地說

strictlyspeaking嚴格地說oaccount把......考慮在內supposing/providing/(provided)/assuming(that)...如果/假設……(tobehonest/totellyouthetruth/tobeginwith/tobeexact/surprisingly/basically/importantly/essentially)

（一般來說）,childrenarenaturallycurious.

（考慮到）thebudget,wehavedecidedtogiveupthetravelplan.GenerallyspeakingConsidering

8.現在分詞構成的獨立主格結構

一般現在分詞作狀語，現在分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。但有時句子的語義需要現在分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，即現在分詞有自己獨立的邏輯主語，構成：n./pron+doing,這種結構稱為獨立主格結構。獨立主格結構通常用來表示伴隨的動作或情況，有時還可以表示時間、原因、條件或解釋整個句子。(獨立主格結構：n./pron+doing/done/todo/adj/adv/n/prepphrase)Shesatbehindthetable,herchin

restinginherhands.

Therebeingnobus，wehadtowalkhome.Theweather

beingfine,wewentoutforawalk.用現在分詞的獨立主格結構改寫句子Ifweatherpermits,weshallgothereonfoot.

,weshallgothereonfoot.AfterMarycameback,theydiscussedittogether.

,theydiscussedittogether.WeatherpermittingMarycomingback

現在分詞作狀語的注意事項1.現在分詞的時態：一般式（doing）與完成式（havingdone）1）現在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生，用一般式（doing）作狀語；2）現在分詞的動作先發生，謂語動詞的動作后發生，用完成式（havingdone）作狀語。

(walk)inthestreet,Imetanoldfriend.

(finish)thehomework,hewentoutforawalk.2.現在分詞的否定式：not+doing;not+havingdoneNotknowingthenotice,hedidn’tcome.Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.Walking

Havingfinished3.現在分詞的語態：主動式（同時發生用doing/先后發生用havingdone）與

被動式（同時發生beingdone/先后發生havingbeendone）現在分詞作狀語時，用主動還是被動，取決于現在分詞與句子主語的關系，句子的主語就是現在分詞的邏輯主語。第一步：判斷語態，主動or被動第二步：判斷動作發生順序，同時發生or先后發生

（finish）thehomework,hewenttobed.

（show）aroundthelab,theywereledintoahall.

（talk）to,youshouldlookintotheeyesoftheperson.

（struggle）foryears,hefinallywonthechampionship.

(tell)forseveraltimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandtherules.HavingfinishedHavingbeenshownBeingtalkedHavingstruggled

Havingbeentold主動，先后發生被動，先后發生被動，同時發生主動，先后發生被動，先后發生

二、現在分詞作賓語補足語The–ingformastheObjectComplement

賓語補足語(oc)定義：

賓語補足語是指：有的及物動詞，接了賓語意義仍然不完整，還需要有一個其他的句子成分，來補充說明賓語的意義、狀態等，簡稱賓補。Heisrunning.Heloves

music.Wemake

him

ourmonitor.

不及物動詞vi：本身意義完整，不需要跟sth/sb作賓語的動詞及物動詞vt：必須要跟sth/sb作賓語才能意義完整的動詞動詞v.+賓語+賓補介詞v.+賓語+賓補1.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.2.Ifelt

someonepatting

meontheback.3.Canyousmellanything

burning?4.Listentothebirdssinging.歸納：表示感覺和心理狀態的的動詞，即：_______動詞如：_______________________________________________感官see,hear,feel,observe,find,notice,catch(當場發現)等能用現在分詞作賓補的幾類詞：【特別提示】在see，hear，feel，watch等感官動詞后，既可用動詞的-ing形式作賓語補足語，也可用省略to的不定式作賓語補足語。用動詞的-ing形式時，表示動作正在進行，用省略了to的不定式時，表示動作從開始到結束的全過程。Isawhimrunacrosstheroad.(強調整個過程)Isawhimrunningacrosstheroad.(強調正在進行)歸納：表示“使”“令”“讓”等含有“致使”意義的動詞，即：______動詞如：______________________使役get,have,keep,set,leave,make,let1.Iwon'thaveyoudoingthat.2.Thissetmethinking.3.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.4.Ican'tgettheclockgoingagain.注意：使役動詞+賓語+現在分詞（doing）作賓補，

表示讓...一直做某事，強調動作的持續性；使役動詞+賓語+動詞原形（do）作賓補，

表示讓某人做某事,強調一次性的動作。

使役動詞+賓語+過去分詞（done）作賓補，表示使某事被做；keep/have/get/leavesbdoing讓某人一直做

have/get/make/keep/leavesthdone使某事被做

make/let/havesbdoget/leavesbtodo讓某人做Hehasus

(laugh)

duringthelunchtime.Hismotherhashim

(clean)

hisbedroom.Iwillhavethewall

(paint)tomorrow.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic

(run)smoothly.runninglaughingcleanpainted1.Withtimegoingby,IshowmuchinterestinlearningEnglish.2.MrsDengenteredtheclassroom,withagroupofstudentsfollowing

her.3.Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.歸納：用于_______________的復合結構中，v-ingform對賓語起補充說明作用。

with+賓語+賓補常見的帶-ing作賓補的詞感覺,心理狀態使役動詞with的復合結構see/hear/watch/find/observe/notice/feel+sb/sth+doinghave/get/make/leave/keep+sb/sth+doingwith+n./pron＋doing正在進行一直做，一直處于某種狀態主動◆單句語法填空。1)WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomen_______(sell)lanterns.2)Theoperatorlefthurriedlywiththemachine

(

run).3)Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim

(put)onatent,with

adog

(lie)onthegrass.4)Peter,acolleagueofmine,wasstandingonthebridgeandwatching

boats________(pass)by.5)Withthepianist

(perform)musiconthestage,theatmosphereisquiteromantic.sellingrunningputtinglyingpassingperforming練習：用-ing作賓補翻譯句子1.我覺得我心跳得更快了。

Ifeltmyheartbeatingfaster.2.我們看見太陽從山后升起。

Wesawthesunrisingbehindthemountain.3.別讓他等太久了。

Don’thavehimwaitingforlong.4.我沿著河岸騎自行車,我的寵物狗跟在后面跑。Icycledalongthebankwithmypetdogrunningbehind.summary:

現在分詞doing作賓語補足語作狀語動詞v.+賓語+doing作賓補介詞v.+賓語+doing作賓補1.時間狀語2.原因狀語3.條件狀語4.結果狀語5.讓步狀語6.方式和伴隨狀語注意事項時態語態否定式7.評論性狀語8.獨立主格用法一般情況：現在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語跟句子的主語一致特殊情況：1）現在分詞作狀語，在句子中沒有邏輯主語2）現在分詞作狀語，有自己的邏輯主語，且其邏輯主語跟句

子的主語不一致主動式（doing/havingdone）與被動式（beingdone/havingbeendone）一般式（doing）與完成式（havingdone）not+doing;not+havingdone1)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_____inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked2)Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutBC

Choosethecorrectanswers.3)IcanhardlyimaginePeter_______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed4)Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp_______butthedoor_______.A.beingon;shut B.burning;shuttingC.burning;shutD.on;shuttingCC

5)Therewasaterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.

A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed6)TellMarythatthere’ssomeone____forheratthedoor.A.waitingB.waitedC.waitsD.towait7)The_______waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”

A.smilingB.smiledC.smileD.tosmileBA

A8)Theresultofthetestwasrather______.A.disappointedB.disappointingC.beingdisappointedD.disappoint9)People____inthecitydonotknowthepleasureofcountrylife.A.liveB.toliveC.livedD.living10)Thelibrary’sstudyroomisfullofstudents____fortheexam.A.busilypreparedB.busypreparingC.busilyprepareD.arebusilypreparingB

D

B

◆單句語法填空1）Unless

（see）thechangeswithyourowneyes，youwillneverbelievetheirgreatness.2）Hiscarbrokedownontheway，thus

（cause）himtobelatefortheelection.

3）

（walk）inthestreetwithhisdogfollowinghim，hefeltreallyfreeandpleased.4）

（finish）hiswork，hewentoutintothegardentohaveawalk.5）Heliftedthestone,only

（drop）itonhisownfeet.6）

（elect）ascaptain，Tomwasgreatlyencouraged.7）

（try）manytimes，hestillcouldn’tovercomethedifficulties.8）

（eat）atthecafeteriabefore，Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.WalklingHavingfinishedtodropHavingbeenelectedHavingtriedHavingeatenseeingcausing主動，同時發生主動，先后發生被動，先后發生主動，先后發生主動，先后發生意想不到的結果必然的意料中的結果條件狀語從句11）

（spend）nearlyallhismoney，theformerwrestlercouldn’taffordameal.12）

（consider）hisage，littleTomisdoingareallygoodjob.13）Pressedfromhisparents，and

（realise）thathehaswastedtoomuchtime，theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.14）When

（illustrate）abook，youputpictures，photographsordiagramsintoit.15）

（go）straightdowntheroad，youwillfindthecanteen.16）Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonthegrassland，

（stare）atthenightsky.17）Tomslowlywalkedaway，

（complain）aboutthecoldweather.18）It

（be）Sunday，manypeoplegotothegymnasiumtoworkout.HavingspentConsideringrealisingillustratingGoingstaringcomplainingbeing主動，先后發生◆單句寫作19）

（說實話）,allofhissavingsaregiventochildreninafarawayvillage.20）Hanginghishead,theboystoodbythedoor,

（不敢說一句話）.21）

（天氣允許的話）,IwillmakeatriptoInnerMongolia.22）

（從外表判斷）,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.23）Groupactivitieswereorganisedafterclass,

（增強孩子們的團隊精神）.24）Theactorintendedtoleavequickly,

（卻被他的粉絲包圍了）.25）Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,

_____（把這座古城變成了夢境）.26）Afterwehavemadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.→

fullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.27）Ifyougostraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthedepartmentstore.→

downtheroad,youwillfindthedepartmentstore.

→

downtheroad,andyouwillfindthedepartmentstore.HonestlyspeakingnotdaringtosayawordWeatherpermittingJudgingfromappearancebuildingupchildren’steamspiritonlytobesurroundedbyhisfansturningtheoldtownintoadreamlandHavingmadeGoingstraight沿......排列成行Gostraight非謂語基礎綜合練習——語法填空1.

Whenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020全國卷III)2.Theyrepresenttheearth_________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.(2020全國卷II)3.

Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimesand,indryareas,_________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigatetheirfields.(2020浙江卷)4.

Whenwegotacall________(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.(2019全國卷II)surroundingcomingmakingsaying淚流滿面入圍的非謂語基礎綜合練習——語法填空5.Danielfirstbecameinterestedinmushroomswhen__________(explore)theforestwithhisfather.6.Scienceandtechnologyisdevelopingveryquickly,____________(make)lifemucheasierformanypeople.7.Whydoyoukeepyourson____________(stand)undertheburningsun?8.Although__________(work)veryhard,hecouldn’tmakeenoughmoneytopayoffhisdebt.exploringmakingstandingworking非謂語基礎綜合練習——用-ing形式改寫句子1.Ifyouworkhardfromnowon,youwillcatchupwithothers.(現在分詞作條件狀語)Workinghardfromnowon,youwillcatchupwithothers.2.BecauseIdidn’tknowhiscellphonenumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhimwhenIwasin

Shanghai.(現在分詞作原因狀語)Notknowinghiscellphonenumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhimwhenIwasinShanghai.非謂語基礎綜合練習——用-ing形式改寫句子3.ThePresidententeredthehall,andseveraltopofficialsfollowedhim.(with復合結構)ThePresidententeredthehall,withseveraltopofficialsfollowinghim.4.WhenIsawthatJacksonwasclimbingoverthewall,Istoppedhim.(現在分詞作賓語補足語)WhenIsawJacksonclimbingoverthewall,Istoppedhim.非謂語進階綜合練習——句子美化06I’mhonoredtobeheretotellyousomethingaboutnovelcoronavirus(新冠病毒)inWuhan.InDecember2019,aninfectiousdiseasebrokeoutinWuhan.TheChinesegovernmentdecisivelycloseddownthecity.Itwastopreventthespreadofthedisease.Atthesametime,althoughcasesbeingfoundthroughoutthecountry,theChinesepeopleactivelyfacedit,togetherwithWuhantofighttheepidemic.Atthisparticulartime,weshouldgooutaslittleaspossible.Ifwegoout,wemustwearprotectivemaskstopreventourselvesfromgettinginfected.Inaddition,itisalsonecessarythatweshouldkeepgoodhabits.Weallbelievewewillwinthebattlesoon.21非謂語進階綜合練習——句子美化061.TheChinesegovernmentdecisivelycloseddownthecity.Itwastopreventthespreadofthedisease.---TheChinesegovernmentdecisivelycloseddownthecitytopreventthespreadofthedisease.---Topreventthespreadofthedisease,theChinesegovernmentdecisivelycloseddownthecity.22---Withthepurposeofpreventingthespreadofthedisease,theChinesegovernmentdecisivelycloseddownthecity.非謂語進階綜合練習——句子美化062.Ifwegoout,wemustwearprotectivemaskstopreventourselvesfromgettinginfected.--Ifgoingout,wemustwearprotectivemaskstopreventourselvesfromgettinginfected.23非謂語進階綜合練習——句子美化063.Itisalsonecessarythatweshouldkeepgoodhabits.---Itisalsonecessarytokeepgoodhabits.---

Keepinggoodhabitsisalsonecessary.24_________________________________(1930年12月30日出生),TuYouyou________________________(對醫學感興趣)whenshewasyoung.After______________________________________（1995年畢業于北京大學醫學院),sheworkedonmedicalresearches.Shealwayskeptherself__________________________(她日夜不停地工作).______________(嘗試了)over380times,shefinallysucceededindevelopingartemisinin(青蒿素).Becauseofhergreatcontributionsanddevotiontothemedicalfield,shewasawardedtheNobelMedicalPrizein2015,___________________________（變的世界矚目).Practice:Fillintheblanks.

BornonDecember30,1930wasinterestedinmedicinegraduatingfromBeijingMedicalUniversityin1955workingdayandnightHavingtriedbecomingworldfamous

BornonDecember30,1930,TuYouyouwasinterestedinmedicinewhenshewasyoung.AftergraduatingfromBeijingMedicalUniversityin1955,sheworkedonmedicalresearches.Shealwayskeptherselfworkingdayandnight.Havingtriedover380times,shefinallysucceededindeveloping

artemisinin(青蒿素).Becauseofhergreatcontributionsanddevotiontothemedicalfield,shewasawardedtheNobelMedicalPrizein2015,becomingworldfamous.Inmyopinion,sheachievedmakingusthink

howtoachieveourdreams.accident

['?ks?d?nt] n.事故;車禍;失事byaccident偶然地；不小心=bychancebydesign=onpurpose有意地,故意地accidentaladj意外的;偶然的accidentallyadv.意外地，偶然地Rangokilledthehawk

(accident).Officialssaythefireappearstobe

(accident).

accidentallyaccidentaloperation

[??p?‘re??n]

n.手術；企業；經營operatev.操作;使用;動手術operatorn.操作員;經營者put...intooperation實施;使...運轉operateonsb給某人做手術=do/perform/haveanoperationonsb【誤區警示】operate表示“做手術”時是不及物動詞，后面接on，然后接人或者身體的部位；表示“操作”時是及物動詞，直接跟賓語。whisper

['w?sp?(r)]vi.悄聲說;耳語;低語n.耳語(聲);低語(聲);傳言;謠傳whisper(sth)tosb向某人低聲說某事whisperaboutsth嘀咕某事whispersth.inone’sear在某人耳旁小聲說某事Itiswhisperedthat...私下說/據傳言…inawhisper=inalowvoice低聲地;悄聲地他正在睡覺，所以你最好低聲說話。Heissleeping,soyou’dbetterspeakinawhisper.

練一練1.Sheis__________astorytoh