說明文閱讀（4題）歸納練

2025年中考英語一輪復習備考

一、閱讀理解

Whatshouldyoudowhenyoucan'tfindthetimetodoalongworkout?Haveyouheardofexercise

snacks（零食式鍛煉）？

Exercisesnacksareapopularandinventivenewwayforpeopletostayfit.Insteadofspendinghours

ontheplayground,peoplebreakthat"largemeal“intoexercise“snacks”.Theseexercisescanlastanywhere

from20secondstotwominutes.Thenyoucanhavearestfor30minutestofourhoursbeforeanothersnack.

Itisreportedthatexercisesnackscanbeasusefulastraditionalexercisemethods.Justthreeexercise

snacksadaycanbenefit（使受益）yourphysicalhealth.Besidesthat,therearelotsofotherbenefits.Your

concentration（專注力）andcreativitygetbetter,andyoucanbecomemoreproductive.Also,“snacking”

throughoutthedaystopsyoufromsittingtoolong.

Therearesomanyacceptableexercisesnacks,likedoingsit-ups,jumpingropeorrunningupand

downsomestairs（樓梯）.Butforthosewhodon'tknowwheretostart,herearesomehelpfulexercise

choices:

Exercisessuchasliftingweightswillsatisfytheneeds.Sincemostpeopledon'tkeepweightsattheir

offices,liftfullwaterbottles.

Squats（深蹲）一movingyourbodyasiftositdownwhilekeepingyourbackstraight.Fivetotenof

theseshouldmakeagoodsnack.

Forthosewhodon'tliketraditionalexercises,simplyturnupthemusic.Pickalivelysongandstart

dancing.If11makeforafimworkout.

Whatareyouwaitingfor?Lefsgetmoving.Yourbodywillthankyouforit!

1.Howlongcananexercisesnacklastaccordingtothepassage?

A.20secondstotwominutes.B.30minutestofourhours.C.Five

totenminutes.

2.Whichisanacceptableexercisesnackmentionedinthepassage?

A.Doingmathexercises.B.Eatingsnacks.C.Doingsit-ups.

3.Whatisthewriter'sattitude（態度）toexercisesnacks?

A.Doubtful.B.Unclear.C.Supportive.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tochangetraditionaleatinghabits.

B.Tointroduceaninventivenewwaytostayfit.

C.Toencouragepeopletodolong-timeoutdoorexercise.

TheFourSeasons,writtenbytheItalianmusicianAntonioVivaldi,wasfirstplayedabout300years

ago.Sincethen,ithasenjoyedworldwidepopularity.

Thegreatmusicalworkincludesfourparts:''Spring",^Summer",i6Autumri,"and^Winter".Eachpart

bringstomindtheseasonitismeanttodescribe.iiSummer>\forexample,beginsslowly.Listenerscaneasily

pictureahot,lazysummerdaywhennobodywantstomove.Whenyoulistento6iAutumrf\aharvest（收獲）

celebrationwillreadilycometomind.

Butnow,HacheCosta,amusicdirectorinSpain,hasdecidedtogivetheoldworkafreshfeel.He

saystheclimate（氣候）todayisverydifferentfromwhatitwasinthe1700s.TheFourSeasonswouldbe"a

lotdirtier^^ifitwerewrittennow.

Costahas"updated-themusicalworktomakeitmatchtherealitiesofthemodemworld.The

'"updated“musicalworkhasbeenplayedinMadrid,Spain.Theperformancetakesplaceinfrontofascreen.

Asthemusiciansplay,avideoshowstheeffects（影響）ofclimatechange,suchasforestfiresandunusually

dryweather.

Afterenjoyingit,peoplefindthenewiiSummer>"nowsoundsnoisierandmorepowerful.Becauseof

globalwarming（全球變暖），theotherthreeseasonshavebecomeshorter.Costasaysheexpectspeopleto

feel4Creallysad“afterlisteningtothenewFourSeasons.

“Ireallywantmorepeopletobecometrulyawareof（意識至!J）whatishappeningtoourplanet,says

Costa."AndIbelieveVivaldiwouldnotbeangrywithmychanges.9,

5.WhatdoweknowaboutTheFourSeasons!

A.Itisstillunpopularnow.

B.ItwaswrittenbyHacheCosta.

C.Itwasfirstplayedabout300yearsago.

6.Whatwillcometomindwhenwelistentotheoldi6Autumn"accordingtothepassage?

A.Forestfiresanddryweather.B.Aharvestcelebration.C.Ahotlazy

day.

7.Whichisclosetotheunderlinedword“updated“inmeaninginParagraph4?

A.提上日程B.追根溯源C.賦予新意

8.WhydidHacheCostagivetheoldworkafreshfeel?

A.Tocallonmorepeopletolovemusic.

B.Toraisepublicawarenessofclimatechange.

C.TopresentthestoryofAntonioVivaldi'scolorfullife.

Itcanbereallyembarrassedifsomeoneseesyoutalkingtoyourself.Butdon'tfeelbadaboutit!

Talkingtoyourselfactuallyhasalotofadvantages.

Youprobablyknowthatthinkingisgoodforthebrain.Ithelpsusdothingslikemakingplansand

managingourfeelings.Talkingtoyourselfloudislikeshowingthisquietinner（內在的）speech.Itcanhelp

usdobetterindifferentareaslikeschool,sportsandwork.

Talkingtoyourselfespeciallyinthethirdperson,canhelpusmanagebadfeelings."Talkingto

yourselfinthethirdpersonislikegivingyourselfadvice/9saidJasonMoser,aprofessor（教授）from

MichiganStateUniversity,US.Moseruseshimselfinanexample.Hedoesnotlikeflying,buthehastofly

oftenforhiswork.Sowhenheisfeelingnervousorafraidduringaflight（航班）,hetalkstohimself."Well,

youknow,Jasonknowsairtravelisverysafe.AndJasonhasbeenonthousandsofflights."Thiscanhelpus

toseethingsfromadifferentaspect（角度）,especiallywhenwe'refeelingsadorangry.

Whenencouragementcomesfromoneself,itaddstoself-confidence.Astudyinvited72tennis

playerstotakepartinsomematches.Researchers（調查者）puttheplayersintotwogroups:onegroupthat

saidnothingwhileplaying,andtheotherthattalkedtothemselveswhileplaying.Theyfoundthatthe

self-talkersshowedmoreconfidenceandplayedbetterthanthoseinthesilentgroup.

Self-talkalsohelpstoimprovememory.Researcherstestedfourdifferentwaystomemorizethings:

readingsilently,readingaloud,listeningtosomeoneelsereadandlisteningtoarecordingofoneselfreading.

Thosewhoreadoutloudrecalledtheinformationthebest,researcherssaidintheirstudy.Ifsbecausethe

informationwillprobablybecomealong-termmemoryifitissaidoutloud.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"referto（指代）inParagraph2?

A.Talkingtoyourself.B.Thebrain.C.Thinking.

10.HowdoesthewritershowhisopinioninParagraph3?

A.Bylistingnumbers.B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bycomparinghimselfwithothers.

11.WhafsthemainideaofParagraph4?

A.Talkingtoyourselfhelpstofindoutthebestplayers.

B.Talkingtoyourselfhelpstoimproveplayers'talkingskills.

C.Talkingtoyourselfhelpstomakeyoumoreconfident.

12.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructure(結構)ofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)

Here'swhatyouneedtoknowabouteverythingthafsnewinthe2024ParisOlympics-fromnew

sportstoneweventsandmore.

Breaking

BreakingwillbeincludedintheOlympicsforthefirsttimeinParisin2024.Youmayknowthesport

byitsmorecommonname,breakdancing.Athletesdon'tknowthemusicaheadoftime——theymustmoveto

thebeat.

Skateboarding

Skateboardingfirstcametothe2020Olympicsandreturnsforthe2024ParisGames.Therewillbe

twoclearevents——aparkcompetitionandastreetcompetition.

Sportclimbing

IfsthesecondtimeforsportclimbingtocometotheOlympicGames.IntheParisGames,the

numberofathleteswillclimbfrom40to68.Whetheryouknowitasindoorrockclimbingornot,thebest

athletesinthesportclimbingworldwillcompeteinthisuniqueeventin2024!

Surfing

Surfinginthe2024OlympicswilltakeplaceontheislandofTahitiinFrenchPolynesia.Theislandis

over9,000milesfromParis,anditisknownforitschallengingwaves.

13.Whafsthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toleadinthenovel.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Totalkaboutathletes.

14.WhichofthefollowingwillfirstappearintheOlympicsthisyear?

A.Breaking.B.Skateboarding.C.Sportclimbing.

15.HowmanyathleteswilltakepartinsportclimbingintheParisGames?

A.28.B.40.C.68.

16.WhyissurfingheldontheislandofTahiti?

A.Becauseithasabiggym.B.Becauseithasgreatwaves.

C.BecauseitisfarfromParis.

'、沌r

Doyouspeakadialect（方言）indailylife?WhilemanyChinesepeoplespeakputonghua,somelocal

dialectsareindangerofdisappearing（消失）.Tosavethem,theChinesegovernmentstartedtheChinese

LanguageResourcesProtectionProject（中國語言資源保護工程）afewyearsago.

Thisprojectlooksathowpeopletalkin1,712places.Theirlanguagesinclude103dialectsthatare

almostgone.IthashelpedChinatobuildthelargestlanguageresourcelibraryintheworld.There9san

onlinelibrarywherepeoplecanlearndialectsfromover5.6millionaudioclipsandover5millionvideos.

AccordingtoHaroldPalmer,aworldexpertonlanguage,"'dialectsareakeytostorelocal

cultures.Languageclearlyshowsthehistoryandbeliefsofanarea,^^hesaid.

ScholarZhangHongmingtalkedabouthisconcernsaboutthedisappearingofdialects.<6Forabout

over10years,intheWudialectareassuchasShanghaiandSuzhou,childrenaged6to15canunderstand

buthardlyspeakthedialect.Youngpeopleabove15yearsoldsometimesspeakit,butnotverywell.Ifthis

keepshappening,thedialectmightdisappear,hesaid.

SohowdidChinamakethisbiglibrary?”Abignationalefforthasbeenputintotheprojecttomakeit

happen,saidCaoZhiyun,anexpertontheproject."Overfiveyears,morethan350universitiesand

researchgroupsjoinedin,alongwithover4,500expertsandmorethan6,000dialectspeakers.

Theprojectisnowenteringintoitssecondpart.Thisincludescreatingdigital（數字化的）toolslike

appsandmobiledictionariestohelppeoplelearndialects.

17.TheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProjectwasstarted.

A.tocreatedigitaltoolsB.tostorelocalculturesC.tosavelocaldialects

18.Whichsentencecanbeputin________?

A.Whyisitimportanttoprotectthedialectculture?

B.Howcanwemakegooduseofthedialectculture?

C.Whatarepeopledoingtospreadthedialectculture?

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concerns“inParagraph4mean?

A.Worries.B.Doubts.C.Suggestions.

20.ThewritershowsChina'seffortsontheprojectinParagraph5.

A.bycomparingideasB.bylistingnumbersC.byexplainingreasons

AtheoryofemotionTwoscientistscalledStanleySchachter

andJeromeSingerdevelopedthetwo-factortheoryof

emotionin1962.Theysaidthatemotionsareformedintwo

parts.First,thebodyhasaphysicalresponsetoathreatand

thenthemindconsidersthephysicalresponseasanemotion,

whichisthenfeltbytheperson.Forexample,imagineyou

arewalkingthroughaforestandyouseeabear.Seeingit

wouldprobablystartaphysicalresponse,suchasyourheart

beatingveryfastandsweatbreakingout.Yourmindthen

decidesthatthisisfear,whichyoufeelasanemotion.

Anewstudyhassuggestedthatthekeytoreducingfeelingsofangerisnotventing（lettingtheangry

emotionsout）butdoingcalmingactivitiessuchasyogaormeditation.

ThestudywaspublishedinMarchbySophieKjaervikandBradBushmanfromOhioStateUniversity

intheUS.Theywantedtoexplorethepopulartheorythatventing（expressing）angerisagoodwayof

reducingit.Examplesofventingangerincludeshoutingorhittingsomethinglikeacushion,sothatyoulet

gooftheemotionandthereforedon'tfeelitanymore.Thepairlookedat154otherstudiesonanger.These

involved10,189people,andincludedavarietyofagesandbackgrounds.Intheirstudy,Kjaervikand

Bushmandefineangeras“anemotionalresponse（反應）toarealorimaginedthreat（威脅）Theyuseda

theoryofemotion（情緒假說）thatsaysemotionsarepartlyfeltinyourbodyandpartlyinyourmind.

Thescientistslookedattheotherstudiestoseehowdifferentactivitiesinfluencedanger.Theyfound

thatactivitiessuchasrunningorboxing——whichareoftenthoughttobegoodfordealingwith

anger~~weren'tverygoodatreducingit.Infact,someoftheseactivitiesactuallymadeitworsebecause

theyincreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodythatarelinkedtofeelingangry.Forexample,theymade

people'sheartsbeatfaster.However,activitiesthatdecreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodydidhelpto

reducefeelingsofanger.Theseincludedactivitiesthatslowtheheartrate,suchasdeepbreathing,

meditationandyoga.Bushmansaysactivitiesthatincreasephysicalresponsesmaybegoodforhearthealth

butare"'definitelynotthebestwaytoreduceanger”.

Theteamfoundjoggingwasmostlikelytoincreaseanger.However,someheart-rateincreasing

activities——likeballgamesandteamsports-couldreduceanger.

21.Whatisthemainfindingofthenewstudy?

A.Anewmethodofventinganger.B.Anewmethodofreducinganger.

C.Goodactivitiestoventanger.D.Goodactivitiestoreduceanger.

22.Whatcanwelearnaboutcalmingactivities?

A.Theycanreducefeelingsofanger.B.Theycanincreasetheheartrate.

C.Theyaregoodformindhealth.D.Theyaregoodforhearthealth.

23.AccordingtoSchachterandSinger'stheory,whathappensfirstifyouseeasnakeandfeelafraid?

A.Yougetthefeelingoffear.B.Yougetthefeelingofcalm.

C.Yourheartbeatsfast.D.Yourheartbeatsslowly.

24.Thefollowingsentencecanbestbeputattheendof.

Theythinkthisshowsthatfunorplayfulactivitieshelptoreducenegativefeelings.

A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph4

ALongMarch5rockettookofffromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchSiteinHainanprovinceonMay3,

2024.Afterflyingforabout37minutes,itsuccessfullyplacedtheChang9e6roboticlunarprobe（月球探雙U

器）intoanEarth-moontransfertrajectory（轉移軌道）.Severaldayslatertheprobewasprogrammedtoland

onthemoon'sfarsideandstarteditstasks,whichwouldlastabout53days.

Thisistheworld'sfirsttrytobringsamples（樣本）fromthemoon'sfarside.ForChina,ifsthe

secondsample-returnmoonjourney.Chang'e5successfullybroughtsamplesfromthemooninthewinterof

2020.Uptonow,10moonsample-returntaskshavebeencarriedoutbytheUnitedStates,theformerSoviet

Union（前蘇聯）andChina,butallthesesampleswerecollectedfromthemoon'snearside.

Themoon'sfarsidehasalwaysbeenasubjectofscientificwonderbecauseofitsmanymysteries.It's

facingawayfromEarthanditcanneverbeseenfromEarth.Itwasoncecalledthe“darksideofthemoon^^

eventhoughitreceivesjustasmuchsunlightasthenearside.

Chineseresearchershavefoundthatthesoilonthefarsideismuchthickerthanthatonthenearside,

buttheyhaven'tfoundoutthereason.SamplesbroughtbackbyChang9e5havehelpedscientistsfindthat

therewerevolcanic（火山的）activitiesonthenearsidearound2billionyearsago.Somescientiststhought

maybevolcanoesbecameinactiveonthefarsideabout4billionyearsago.Isittrue?Samplesfromthefar

sidewillallowthemtoknowtheanswer.

"'Comparingthemake-upofthefarsidesamplesfromChang9e6withthosecollectedfromthenear

sidewillbeofgreatscientificvaluetotheinternationalcommunity,9,saidMartinSweeting,afamous

professorofspaceengineering.

25.WhendidChang?e6begintoworkonthemoon?

A.OnMay3,2024.B.Afterflyingforabout37minutes.

C.Inthewinterof2020.D.Afterlandingonthemoon'sfarside.

26.HowmanytimeshasChinagotsamplesfromthemoon'snearside?

A.Once.B.Twice.C.Fivetimes.D.Tentimes.

27.Accordingtothepassage,themoon'sfarside.

A.receiveslesssunlightthanthenearside

B.hasthickersoilcomparedwiththenearside

C.canbeseenfromEarthwithpowerfulcameras

D.hasmorerecentvolcanicactivitiesthanthenearside

28.WhatcanwelearnfromMartinSweeting'swords?

A.Chang'e6willstaylongeronthemoonformoretasks.

B.Chang'e6iscarryingoutavaluabletaskfortheworld.

C.Chang?e6willbringsamplesfrombothsidesofthemoon.

D.Chang?e6cancomparesamplesbeforebringingthemback.

參考答案

1.A2.C3.C4.B

1.細節理解題。根據"Theseexercisescanlastanywherefrom20secondstotwominutes.”可知，這些練

習可以持續20秒到2分鐘。故選A。

2.細節理解題。根據“Therearesomanyacceptableexercisesnacks,likedoingsit-ups,jumpingropeor

runningupanddownsomestairs（樓梯”'可知，這些練習可以持續20秒到2分鐘。有很多可以接受的

運動零食，比如做仰臥起坐、跳繩或上下樓梯，故選C。

3.觀點態度題。根據"Whatareyouwaitingfor?Lefsgetmoving.Yourbodywillthankyouforit!"可知，

作者對零食式鍛煉持支持的態度，故選C。

4.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹零食式鍛煉，是一種新穎的健身方式。故選B。

5.C6.B7.C8.B

5.細節理解題。根據FourSeasons,writtenbytheItalianmusicianAntonioVivaldi,wasfirstplayed

about300yearsago.”可知，意大利音樂家安東尼奧?維瓦爾第創作的《四季》首次演奏是在大約300年

前。故選C。

6.細節理解題。根據“Whenyoulistento"Autumn",aharvest（收獲）celebrationwillreadilycometomind.^^

可知，當你聽至!1“秋天”時，你會很容易想到豐收的慶祝。故選B。

7.詞句猜測題。根據"Costahas'updated9themusicalworktomakeitmatchtherealitiesofthemodern

world.”可知，使其符合現代世界的現實，所以是給這部音樂作品“賦予新意”，故選C。

8.推理判斷題。根據"Becauseofglobalwarming（全球變暖），theotherthreeseasonshavebecomeshorter.

Costasaysheexpectspeopletofeel"reallysad'afterlisteningtothenewFourSeasons."^61reallywant

morepeopletobecometrulyawareof（意識至！J）whatishappeningtoourplanet.”可知，由于全球變暖，其

他三個季節變短了。科斯塔說，他預計人們在聽了新的《四季》之后會感到“非常難過”。作者希望更

多的人真正意識到我們的星球正在發生什么。由此可知，HacheCosta給老作品帶來新鮮感是為了提

高公眾對氣候變化的認識。故選B。

9.A10.B11.C12.A

9.推理判斷題o根據"Talkingtoyourselfloudislikeshowingthisquietinner（內在的）speech.Itcanhelp

usdobetterindifferentareaslikeschool,sportsandwork."可知，大聲對自己說話就像展示自己的內心語

言，可以幫助我們在學校、運動和工作等不同領域做得更好。故劃線部分It指代上文提到的Talkingto

yourselfo故選Ao

10.推理判斷題。木艮據“Talkingtoyourself,especiallyinthethirdperson,canhelpusmanagebadfeelings.^^

可知，第三段主要介紹自言自語可以幫助我們控制不好的感覺。文章以美國密歇根州立大學教授杰森

個人乘坐飛機的經歷論證了這一觀點。故文章第三段通過舉例子的方式論證觀點。故選B。

11.段落大意題。根據"Whenencouragementcomesfromoneself,itaddstoself-confidence.”可知，文章

第四段主要介紹了自言自語可以幫助提高自信。故選C。

12.篇章結構題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段總起全文，表明文章主題：自言自語有很多好處；文章

第二段總體介紹了自言自語的概念，進一步表明它的好處；文章第三、四、五段分別從三個方面具體

闡述自言自語的好處，故文章正確的結構如圖A所示。故選A。

13.B14.A15.C16.B

13.推理判斷題。根據"Here'swhatyouneedtoknowabouteverythingthafsnewinthe2024Paris

Olympics一fromnewsportstoneweventsandmore.”可知,文章第一段介紹了2024年巴黎奧運會會出

現一些新項目和運動，第一段的目的是為了引入文章主題。故選B。

14.細節理解題。根據"BreakingwillbeincludedintheOlympicsforthefirsttimeinParisin2024.“可知，

街舞將在2024年巴黎奧運會上首次出現。故選A。

15.細節理解題。根據"IntheParisGames,thenumberofathleteswillclimbfrom40to68.”可知，巴黎

奧運會攀巖項目的運動員人數是68人。故選C。

16.細節理角星題。根據"Theislandisover9,000milesfromParis,anditisknownforitschallengingwaves.”

可知，Tahiti以其具有挑戰性的海浪而聞名，更適合舉辦沖浪比賽。故選B。

17.C18.A19.A20.B

17.細節理解題。根據"Tosavethem,theChinesegovernmentstartedtheChineseLanguageResources

ProtectionProject（中國語言資源保護工程）afewyearsago.”可知，為了拯救方言，中國政府在幾年前

啟動了漢語資源保護工程。故選C。

18.推理判斷題。根據“AccordingtoHaroldPalmer,aworldexpertonlanguage,dialectsareakeytostore

localcultures.Languageclearlyshowsthehistoryandbeliefsofanarea”可知，世界語言專家哈羅德?帕爾

默認為，方言是儲存當地文化的鑰匙，語言清楚地顯示了一個地區的歷史和信仰。此處介紹保護方言

的原因，選項A“為什么保護方言文化很重要”符合語境，故選A。

19.詞句猜測題。根據“Foraboutover10years,intheWudialectareassuchasShanghaiandSuzhou,

childrenaged6to15canunderstandbuthardlyspeakthedialect.Youngpeopleabove15yearsold

sometimesspeakit,butnotverywell.Ifthiskeepshappening,thedialectmightdisappear”可知，大約十多

年來，在上海和蘇州等吳語地區，6至15歲的孩子能聽懂但幾乎不會說方言。15歲以上的年輕人有

時會說英語，但不是很好。如果這種情況持續下去，這種方言可能會消失。此處學者表達了自己的擔

憂，故選A。

20.細節理解題。根據“Overfiveyears,morethan350universiti