PAGEPAGE8第11練閱讀理解七選五Ⅰ.閱讀理解AOnNovember7，LewisPughcompletedaone-kilometerswiminthefreezingwatersofKingEdwardCove，offSouthGeorgiainAntarctica.Hewaswearingonlyhisswimmingglasses，capandspeedos!Pughisanadvocateforouroceansandseas，workingtoprotecttheseecosystemwiththeirlargediversityofmarine(海洋的)life.Whenaskedwhyhedoesn’twearawetsuit，Lewissays，“Iaskworldleaderstodoeverythingtheycantoprotectouroceans.Sometimesthestepstheyneedtotakearedifficultandunpopular.IfI’maskingthemtobecourageous，Imustalsobe.Swimminginawetsuitwouldnotsendtherightmessage.”IttookPughabout19minutestocompletetheone-kilometerswiminAntarcticawherethewateraveragedabout1.6degreesCelsius(攝氏度)．Hesaysthathisbodycanonlytolerateabout20minutesinthefreezingwatersbeforeitstartsshuttingdown.Asheswims，hisbodytemperaturesteadilydrops，whichinturncauseshismuscle(肌肉)controltodrop，slowinghimdown.Whenheisdonewithhisswim，hissupportteamrusheshimtoahotshowerandittakesalmostanhourforhisbodytemperaturetoreturntonormal.DoctorsandPughcautionthatonemustreceivemonthsoftrainingtoswiminsuchcoldwaters.Evenexpertswimmerswhoareunusedtofreezingwatercandrownwithinminutesbecauseofthephysicalshockexperiencedbythebody.Pughsayshetrainedforsixmonthsbeforethisswim.ThisisnotthefirsttimethatLewishasswumindangerousconditions.In2007，heswamonekilometerintheNorthPoletodrawattentiontothemeltingArcticiceduetoclimatechange.In2015，heswamintheBayofWhalesinAntarctica’sRossSeaaspartofhissuccessfulcampaigntohelpsetupamarinereservethere.1．WhydidLewisPughswimwithoutawetsuit?A．Toswimfaster.B．Toshowhisbravery.C．Tobuilduphisbody.D．Towinpublicattention.2．What’sPugh’sadviceaboutswimminginfreezingwaters?A．Onemustbefullyprepared.B．Oneshouldbeexpertatswimming.C．Oneshouldbereadytotakeonchallenges.D．Onemustbeusedtolong-distanceswimming.3．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．LewisPugh：SwimmingforaCauseB．HowtoSurviveaSwiminColdWatersC．HowtoPrepareforExtremeSwimmingD．LewisPugh：AchievingtheImpossibleBPeopletypicallywashtheirhandsseveraltimesadayintheUnitedStates，buttheydoitatafarhighertemperaturethanisnecessarytokillgerms，anewstudysays.Theenergywasteisequivalenttothefueluseofasmallcountry.AmandaR．Carrico，aresearchassistantprofessorattheVanderbiltInstituteforEnergyandEnvironmentinTennessee，toldNationalGeographicthathandwashingisoften“acasewherepeopleactinwaysthattheythinkareintheirbestinterest，buttheyinfacthaveinaccuratebeliefsoroutdatedperceptions.”Carricosaid，“It’scertainlytruethatheatkillsbacteria，butifyouweregoingtousehotwatertokillthemitwouldhavetobeawaytoohotforyoutotolerate.”Carricosaidthatafterareviewofthescientificliterature，herteamfound“noevidencethatusinghotwaterthatapersoncouldstandwouldhaveanybenefitinkillingbacteria.”Evenwaterascoldas40°F(4.4°C)appearedtoreducebacteriaaswellashotterwater，ifhandswerescrubbed，rinsed(沖洗)anddriedproperly.Usinghotwatertowashhandsisthereforeunnecessary，aswellaswasteful，Carricosaid，particularlywhenitcomestotheenvironment.Accordingtoherresearch，peopleusewarmorhotwater64percentofthetimewhentheywashtheirhands.Usingthatnumber，Carrico’steamcalculatedasignificantimpactontheplanet.“Althoughthechoiceofwatertemperatureduringasinglehandwashmayappearunimportant，whenmultipliedbythenearly800billionhandwashesperformedbyAmericanseachyear，thispracticeresultsinmorethan6millionmetrictonsofCO2equivalentemissionsannually，”shesaid.TheresearcherspublishedtheirresultsintheJuly2013issueofInternationalJournalofConsumerStudies.Theyrecommendedwashingwithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature，whichtheynotedmaybewarmerincoldmonthsandcoolerinhotones.4．What’sthemeaningofwhatCarricotoldNationalGeographicinthesecondparagraph?A．Peoplearemoreconcernedabouttheirhealthandbegintowashtheirhands.B．It’simportantforpeopletowashtheirhandstokeephealthy.C．Generally，people’shandwashingbehaviorsandperceptionsarenotcorrect.D．Peoplelikewashingtheirhandsverymuch.5．Thefiguresinthesixthparagraphareusedtoshowthat.A．usinghotwatertowashhandshasabadinfluenceonourplanetB．airpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousC．usinghotwatertowashhandsisawasteofenergyD．peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheenvironmentaroundus6．Thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof.A．factandopinionB．causeandeffectC．definitionandclassificationD．timeandevents7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．It’snecessaryandusefulforpeopletowashtheirhandsfrequentlyeveryday.B．Wecanwashourhandswithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature.C．Usingcoldwatertowashhandsisnecessaryandmuchhealthier.D．Hotwatercan’tkillgerms.C(2024·黑龍江齊齊哈爾二模)Shesatatthepicnictablealone.Recess(休息)wasinfullswing.Sheremainedawkwardaroundherclassmates.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay，yetIcouldseehereyeslongingforacceptance.Manystudentshadalreadydecidedthatherfriendshipwouldnotbeworththeenergyrequiredtoovercometheawkwardness.Othersteasedher.Mostignoredher—exceptforone.Brianna，theclassclown，wasmakingtheotherstudentslaugh，asusual.“Brianna，doyouseeMollydownthere？Wouldyoumindwalkingdownthereandinvitinghertocomeupherewiththerestofus？”Briannasighed.Icouldtellshedidn’twanttosacrificepreciousminutesofherownrecesstodowhatIwasaskingofher，butIalsoknewherheart.Sheoftenthoughtofothersbeforeherself—ararecharacterforanyone，muchlessakid.Knowingthischoicewashardforher，IpulledoutaD-buck，ourclasscurrency.Thoughbribery(行賄)wasnottheidealwaytohandlethissituation，Ineededhercooperation.“Here，I’llpayyouforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile，graspedthegreenpaper，andheadeddownthehill.Astherestofthechildrenscreamedandlaughed，myeyeslockedonBriannaasshenearedthepicnictable.Mollycouldbedifficult，andIwouldn’thavebeensurprisedifshesentBriannabackalone，refusingherinvitation.Whensheencouragedherselftoastandingposition，Isighedwithrelief.Aminutelater，Ifeltataponmyshoulder.“Here，Mrs.D.”ShehandedmetheD-buck.“Why？”Iasked.“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet，guiltradiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon’twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnabuck.She’smyfriend.”Amomentlater，theywerealllaughingagain，andwhoshouldIseeamongthem，laughingforthefirsttimethatweek？Molly.8．Accordingtotheauthor，whatwasMollylike?A．Sheignoredthejokesfromotherkids.B．Shefeltawkwardatbeingteased.C．Shedesiredtobeacceptedbyotherkids.D．Shehadnoenergytomakefriends.9．HowdidtheauthorfeelasBriannawalkedtoMolly?A．Worried. B．Satisfied.C．Excited. D．Confused.10．WhatwasthepurposeofBrianna’sreturningtheD-bucktotheauthor?A．Toavoidlosingitoneday.B．TogetapurefriendshipwithMolly.C．Tobribeherteacher.D．Toescapefrombeingscoldedbyherteacher.Ⅱ.七選五Inaworldsurroundedbybadnews，itmayfeellikeanunhappyplacesometimes.11Ifyoumakeevenonepersonsmiletoday，youcanhelpmakethisworldabetterplace.Hereisalistofideastohelpyou.12InthisdayandagewhereeverythingissentviatheInternet，it’sashocktoreceivealetterthroughthepost.Puttingpentopaperandwritingafewwordstoafriendcanbeaneasywaytomakeapositiveimpact.Requiringsometimeandresearchtofindtheperfectproject，volunteeringisoneofthenicestthingsyoucando.Whetheryouvolunteeratyourlocalyouthgrouportakedogsfromsheltersforawalk，thesimplefactthatyouaregivingyourtimetohelpsomeoneelseisincredible.Therearesomanyopportunities.13Tellsomeone“Iloveyou”．Itcanbeanyone.14Perhapsyoucantellafriendthatyouappreciatealltheyaretoyou，orremindyourmumthatit’sherbirthday.Sometimes，inourbusylivesweforgettotakeamomenttotellpeoplewhattheymeantous.15Whetheryou’recreativeornot，takingtimetomakesomethingforsomeoneelseshowshowmuchyouappreciatethem.Evenifyouthinkyou’renotcreative，therecipientwillfeelluckytogetsuchauniquegiftthatyouputyourprecioustimeinto.Someideascouldincludeacard，painting，drawing，song，poemorcake!A．However，youcanmakeadifference.B．It’sasurprisetosendahandwrittenletter.C．Andyoudon’tevenhavetosay“Iloveyou”．D．Soyouaresuretofindonethatisrightforyou.E．Anditdoesn’tnecessarilyhavetotakeupallyourlife.F．Makingsomethingforaspecialpersonisalwaysunique.G．Evenapostcardwithacoupleofsentencescouldreallymakesomeone’sday.

答案精析組合練Ⅰ.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了LewisPugh為了呼吁政府實行措施愛護海洋而在平均水溫僅有16°C的極地海洋不穿防寒泳衣游泳的英勇事跡。1．B[推理推斷題。依據其次段中的“Iaskworldleaderstodoeverythingtheycantoprotectouroceans.Sometimesthestepstheyneedtotakearedifficultandunpopular.IfI’maskingthemtobecourageous，Imustalsobe.Swimminginawetsuitwouldnotsendtherightmessage.”可知，他不穿防寒泳衣是為了展示他的英勇，故選B。]2．A[推理推斷題。依據第四段中的“DoctorsandPughcautionthatonemustreceivemonthsoftrainingtoswiminsuchcoldwaters.”可知，一個人要想在冰冷的水里游泳必需得訓練很長時間才可以，即要做足打算工作才行，故選A。]3．A[標題歸納題。文章主要講解并描述的是Pugh為愛護海洋而在極寒的水里游泳，他用實際行動去展示他愛護海洋的決心和志氣，由此可知A項是最佳標題。]語篇解讀本文是一篇探討報告。熱水洗手是不是能殺死更多的細菌？探討證明并非如此，而且還產生了更多的二氧化碳。4．C[細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“buttheyinfacthaveinaccuratebeliefsoroutdatedperceptions.”的轉折可知，一般來講，人們洗手的觀念和行為都是不太正確的或者過時的，故選C。]5．A[推理推斷題。依據第五段最終一句“Usingthatnumber，Carrico’steamcalculatedasignificantimpactontheplanet.”可知，本句承上啟下，再依據第六段內容可知引用的那些數字就是為了證明用熱水洗手對地球帶來的消極影響，故選A。]6．A[篇章結構題。通過對文章的整體理解，尤其是第六段可知，本文主要是通過列舉事實，同時表達作者自己的觀點的方式進行行文的，故選A。]7．B[推理推斷題。依據最終一段最終一句“Theyrecommendedwashingwithwaterthatisata‘comfortable’temperature，whichtheynotedmaybewarmerincoldmonthsandcoolerinhotones.”可知，我們洗手用舒適溫度的水即可，不必太熱，也不必太涼，故選B。]語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。莫莉渴望被同學接受，但多數的學生都干脆無視她，所以作者讓布麗安娜去邀請她，并給她D-buck作為回報。布麗安娜照作者的話去做了，但是把D-buck還給了作者。因為布麗安娜想和莫莉建立純凈的友情，不想讓她誤會自己去邀請她的誠意。8．C[細微環節理解題。依據第一段中的“Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay，yetIcouldseehereyeslongingforacceptance.”可知，Molly渴望自己被別人接受。故選C。]9．A[推理推斷題。依據第七段“Astherestofthechildrenscreamedandl