主旨大意題

目錄

01模擬基礎練

【題型一】文章大意題的考查

【題型二】段落大意題的考查

【題型三】標題歸納題的考查

02重難創新練

03真題實戰練

題型一文章大意的考查

1.（2024,重慶沙坪壩?模擬預測）Likealmosteverysetofnewparents,BryanandElizabethShawstartedsnapping

picturesoftheirson,Noah,practicallyfromthemomenthewasbom.Whenhewasaboutthreemonthsold,

Elizabethnoticedsomethingodd.

TheflashontheirdigitalcameracreatedthetypicalreddotinthecenterofNoah'slefteye,buttherighteye

hadawhitespotatthecenter,almostasiftheflashwasbeingreflectedbackatthecamerabysomething.When

ElizabethtookNoahtoaneyedoctor,Noahwasdiagnosedwithretinal（視網膜）cancerwiththewhitereflectionas

asign.Heenduredmonthsoftreatment,butitwastoolate.

Noah'scanceristreatableifcaughtearly.BryanShawwonderedwhetherthereweresignshe'dmissed.He

wentbackovereverybabypictureofNoahhecouldfindanddiscoveredthefirstwhitespotinaphototakenwhen

Noahwas12daysold.Astimewenton,itappearedmorefrequently.44Bythetimehewasfourmonthsold,itwas

showingupin25percentofthepicturestakenofhimpermonth,Bryanrecalled.

Later,Bryanwasdeterminedtoputhishard-woninsightstogooduse.Hecreatedadatabasethatrecorded

thecancer'sappearanceineveryphotoofNoah.Healsocollectedphotosandcompiledthedatafromeightother

childrenwiththesamecancer.Armedwiththatdata,hebegantoworkwithcolleaguestodevelopasmartphone

appthatcanscanthephotosintheuser'scamerarolltosearchforwhiteeyeandcanbeusedasakindof

ophthalmoscope（眼底鏡）.CalledWhiteEyeDetector,itisnowavailableforfreeonGooglePlayandinApple's

AppleStore.

“Ijustkepttellingmyself,Ireallyneedtodothis,“Bryansaid."Thisdiseaseistoughtodetect.Notonly

couldthissoftwaresavevision,butitcansavelives.9,

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howaboylosthiseye.

B.Howanewappworks.

C.Howafathersavedhisson.

D.Howanappcameintobeing.

2.（24-25高三?湖南?開學考試）Bike-sharesystemsholdthepotentialtoreducetrafficandpollutioninbigcities.

Whiletheyhavereceivedconsiderableattention,theirpromiseofurbantransformationisfarfrombeing-fully

realized.

NewresearchinthejournalManagementSciencefoundakeyreasonisthatwhilecompanieshavefocused

onbikedesignandtechnologyaspects,therehasbeenminimalresearchdoneonoperationalaspectssuchasstation

density（密度）andbike-availabilitylevels.

“Almost80%ofbike-shareusagecomesfromareaswithin1,000feetofthebike-sharestations,orroughly

fourcityblocks,9,saidElenaBelavina,oneofthestudyauthors.uAnythingpast1,000feet,potentialusersare

almost60%lesslikelytouseastation.,5

Thestudy,“Bike-ShareSystems:AccessibilityandAvailability^^,analyzestherelationshipbetweenridership

andoperationalperformanceinbike-sharedesignsystemstoachievehigherridership.

UsingdatafromtheVelib5systeminParis,withroughly17,000bikesand950stations,thestudyestimates

theimpactsoftwoaspectsofthesystemperformanceonbike-shareridership:accessibility,orhowfartheuser

mustwalktoreachstations,andbikeavailability.

Therearetwoimpactsofavailability:First,ashort-termimpactisthatifnearbystationsdonothavebicycles

whenauserwantstotakeatrip,usersmustgotostationsfartherawayorabandonusingbike-share.Second,if

userstypicallyexpectalowerchanceoffindingabicycle,theyarelesslikelytoevenconsiderbikesharefortheir

tripsandthesystemwillhavelowerridershipinthelongterm.

“Mostuserschoosetoabandonusingbike-share.saidBelavina.t4Butoverall,wefindthata10%increasein

bikeavailabilitywouldincreaseridershipbymorethan12%.”

Betweenincreasingbike-availabilityanddecreasingwalkingdistance,thestudyfindsthatthelatterhasa

higherimpact.B汰e-shareoperatorswithlimitedresourcesmustprioritizebuildingmorestationsclosetoriders.

Whereshouldthosestationsgo?Theauthorsrecommendlocationswheretherearemanypointsofinterest

andlocationswithlowerbikeavailability.

Whatdoesthetextfocuson?

A.Howtousethebike-sharesystems.B.Howtomakefulluseofbike-share.

C.Howtoraisetheawarenessofbike-share.D.Howtoestimatetheimpactsofbike-share.

3.（2024高三?全國?專題練習）GuyNoble,oneofAustralia'smostfamousconductors,whoconductedthetouring

concert“EastMeetsWest”,saidhe'dliketolearnmoreaboutChinesemusic.'Tmimpressedbythehistoryandthe

beautyChinesemusichas,"he'ssaidinaninterviewrecently.

“EastMeetsWest“concerttourinAustraliawasresumedthisyearafterbeingpostponedtwiceduetothe

pandemic.ItwashostedinCanberralastSaturday,bringingaudiencessomewell-knownChineseandWestern

piecessuchasJasmineFlower,Carmen,RomeoandJuliet,andTheYellowRiver.

Whileitwascalled“EastMeetsWest”,musicfromChinaandtheWestwiththesamethemeswasbrought

together.ChinesesingerYaFenandAustraliansingerVictoriaLamboumperformedaduet（二重唱）Hope

Betrayed,whichwasinspiredbytheChineseclassicnovelADreamofRedMansions.Noblesaidhelovedtheduet

asitshowedcompletelydifferentsingingstyles:traditionalChineseoperastyleandWesternoperastyle."They're

notexactlythesame,buttheycametogether,5,hesaid.

Havingbeenaprofessionalconductorformorethan20years,Noblecalledmusicaninternationallanguage.

Henotedthatmostmusicattheconcertwasaboutlove,whichwasalsoaninternationallanguage.Healsospoke

highlyofsomeChinesemusicians,suchaspianistLangLangwhohethoughthasinspiredmanykidsinChinato

learnmusic.

NobleadmittedhisknowledgeofChineseculturewaslimited.HesaidthatconductingtheCanberraconcert

was“anexperiencethatI'veenjoyed”,whichmadehimmoreinterestedindiscoveringthebackgroundandhistory

ofthemusic,aswellasthestoriesbehindit.Nobleisreadytocreatemorethingsthatcaninvolvedanceor

calligraphyorsomeoftheotheraspectsofChineseculture,andputthemtogetherwithmusic.

Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.GuyNoble:AFamousAustralianConductor

B.AnAustralian'sPassionforChineseCulture

C.Music:ABridgetoUnderstandingEachOther

D.TheCooperationBetweenForeignMusicians

題型二段落大意題的考查

1.（2024?廣東?模擬預測）

However,severalschoolsystemsinAmericahavegonesofarastobanmostlaptops.Thisistooextreme.

Somestudentshavedisabilitiesthatmakehandwritingespeciallyhard.Nearlyallwilleventuallyneedtypingskills.

VirginiaBerninger,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofWashington,isalongtimeadvocateofhandwriting.

Butsheisnotapurist;shesaysthereareresearchtestedbenefitsfor"manuscript“print-stylewritingbutalsofor

typing.

Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Difficultiesfacedbythedisabled.

B.Unreasonablenessofforbiddingtyping.

C.Theresearch-testedbenefitsoftyping.

D.Thelongtimeadvocacyforhandwriting.

2.（23-24高三?北京?期中）TheGreatBookSwap

TherearemanytimesI'dliketogobuynewbooks,butIdon'thavealotofmoneytospendonthem.

Wouldn'titbegreattoswapbooksrighthereinourcommunity?Volunteerswillorganizethedonatedbooks.Then

thebookswillbedisplayedatthecommunitycenter.Everyonewillbeabletoreadandhopefullyfindtheperfect

book.Studentswillbeallowedtochooseuptotwobooksduringeachdayoftheswap.Ourplanistohavethebook

swapthefirstSaturdayofeverymonth.

WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Howthebookswapwillwork.

B?Whenbookswillbebroughtin.

C.Whatkindsofbooksareneeded.

D.Whythebookswapisnecessary.

3.（2024?浙江嘉興?模擬試題）

Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe

quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on

experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin

offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms

certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.

4Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thepastandthepresentoflibraries.B.Thereasonforthechangeoflibraries.

C.Theactivitiesforyoungchildreninlibraries.D.Theconnectionbetweenlibrariesandreaders.

4.（2024?湖南長沙?高三階段練習）

Despitebeingconnectedonline,nomatterwhatstateyou'refrom,eachcitystillretainsitsownlanguageand

slang.AtmypublichighschoolinLosAngeles,wehadourownsecretlanguage.Apartywasa"yart”.Abeerwas

a“brewsky”.IfItriedtousethesewordsinfrontofanyonethatdidn'tliveinLosAngeles,theywouldhaveno

ideawhatwasgoingon.WhenIcametocollegeandusedthesewordsaroundmyroommatefromtheEastCoast,

shewouldlookatmewithablankstare.

Whetherthewaywetalkisregionalorfromonline,thesoulofcommunicationliesinitspowertoconnect

people,fosterunderstanding,andfacilitateinteractionsthatshapeourpersonalandsociallives.Ihaveoftenfound

ifsthewayweconnectwiththepeoplewelivearound.

Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?

A.Themeansofcommunication.B.Thenatureofcommunication.

C.Theelementsofcommunication.D.Theprocessofcommunication.

5.（2024?全國高三模擬試題）

EnglishstartedasaGermaniclanguage.ItismostcloselyconnectedtoGermanandDutch,especiallyin

grammarandbasicvocabulary.DuringtheNormaninvasioninthe12thcentury,OldEnglishwasspokenbut

Frenchwasusedingovernmentandlegaldocuments.AndLatinwasusedinreligiousandeducationalactivities.As

aresult,moreFrenchandLatinwordsenteredtheEnglishlanguage.Theprintingpressinventedinthelate1400s

helpedtoestablishEnglishspelling.TheEnglishoftodayishowthelanguagewaswrittenatthetime.However,

thespokenlanguagestartedtochangeinthe1500swiththepronunciationofalllongvowels（元音）.Forexample,

“bite"waspronouncedcloserto"beet"inthe1400s,beforechangingthroughtheyearstoitscurrentsound.The

effectwasthattheEnglishlanguagehadoldspellings,butnewsounds.

Englishhas26lettersinthealphabet,butover44individualsoundsdependingonthevariationofspoken

English.Thereareseveralsoundsrepresentedbyonlyoneletter.Forexample,theletter"C"cansoundlikean"S"

asin"city”.Anditalsosoundslikea"K"asin"cat".

Thereareonly5or6vowellettersintheEnglishalphabet.TheyincludeA,E,I,O,U,andsometimesY.But

thereare20differentwaystosoundthem.Atthecentreisthemostcommonvowelsoundof"uhhh”.Itisthemost

relaxedandnaturalsound.Ittakesalmostnoeffortofthetongueorthroattocreatethesound.Sinceittakeslittle

effort,thesound"uhhh"oftenmakesitswayintopronunciations.Forexample,theword“please“oftenturnsinto

“PUH-lease“whensomeoneistryingtocallattention.ThisisanotherreasonwhyspellinginEnglishissodifficult!

Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.ThecomplexhistoryofEnglish.

B.TheformationofmodemEnglish.

C.TheinfluenceofEnglishonotherlanguages.

D.FactorspromotingthedevelopmentofEnglish.

6.（2024年湖北武漢校考練習）

Inhabitatsacrosstheplanet,animalsperiodicallydropeverythingtowalk,flyorswimtoanewplace.

Wildlifesuchaswhalesandgeeselearnmigrationpathsbyfollowingtheirparents.Others,includingsmall

songbirds,gainthedistanceanddirectionoftheirmigrationwithintheirgeneticcode.Andsomeanimalsusea

combinationofgeneticsandculturetoguidetheirmigration.

Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?.

A.Itdescribesanimals5habitats.B.Ittalksaboutmigrationmodels.

C.Itcomparesdifferentspecies.D.Itintroducesatrackingtechnology.

題型三標題歸納題的考查

1.（2024?重慶沙坪壩?模擬預測）

There'sasiteinCornwall,insouthernEngland,calledWoodlandValleyFarm.Here,farmerChrisJones

allowsbeavers（河貍）towanderinanenclosedfive-acreplot.Theirnaturaldams,hesays,havehelpedcontrol

repeatedfloodingofthedownstreamvillage.

CenturiesafterbeaverswerehuntedtoextinctioninBritain,effortsarenowunderwaybyenvironmentalists

toreintroducethecreature.''Sometimestheycanreallybeannoying;theycanmesseverythingup,“saysChristof

Angst,anofficialconsultantofbeavermanagement.4UButifyoulookatitonthewhole,thepositiveimpactofthis

speciesishuge."Someofthebenefitsofbeavers5workonalandscapeincludeaboosttobiodiversity,drought

resistance,andimprovementofwaterqualitybymovingpollutants.

Yet,astheanimals'returnbecomesincreasinglywidespread,thedebateisshiftingfromwhethertobring

thembacktoaquestionofhowtomanagethemoncetheystartappearinginwaterways.Theconsequencesof

bringingbeaversbackarenotallpositive,themostcommononebeingthefloodingtheycancause,ratherthan

reduce.Inaddition,criticspointtothehighcostsofbeaver-felledtreesandbeaverreintroductionprograms.

goingtopickupthecost,who'sgoingtodotherepairs,who'sgoingtocovercroploss?9,asksRichardBramley,a

farmerfromtheYorkarea."There5snoplan.”

Toavoidconflicts,organizershavefencedinbeaver-relatedprojects.Thebeaversarenotpermittedto

wanderfreelybeyondthefences.Thegovernmenthasalsoputtogetherabeavermanagementstrategyframework,

whichadvisescommunicationandlistening,inanefforttoclearupmisunderstandingsandconcerns.Whenbeavers

docauseissues,availableoptionswillbeprovided,includingmodifyingthedams,reducingwaterlevels,or

relocatingtheanimals.

“Whatwewanttodirectpeopletowardsiscoexistencewithwildlifeandnature,9,saysEvaBishop,headof

communicationsandeducationattheBeaverTrust."Weneedtoencouragepeopletogivespacefornatureto

function.^^

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.IncreasingBeaversRaisetheAlarm

B.ConflictswithBeaversKeepArising

C.WildlifeConservationSeesaPolicyShift

D.BeaverProjectsOfferCoexistenceLessons

2.（2024?山東濰坊?模擬預測）

Nowadays,peopleareincreasinglyinteractingwithothersinsocialmediaenvironmentswherealgorithms

controltheflowofsocialinformationtheysee.People'sinteractionswithonlinealgorithmsmayaffecthowthey

learnfromothers,withnegativeconsequencesincludingsocialmisperceptions,conflictandthespreadof

misinformation.

Onsocialmediaplatforms,algorithmsaremainlydesignedtoamplify（放大）informationthatsustains

engagement,meaningtheykeeppeopleclickingoncontentandcomingbacktotheplatforms.Thereisevidence

suggestingthatasideeffectofthisdesignisthatalgorithmsamplifyinformationpeoplearestronglybiased（偏向

的）tolearnfrom.Wecallthisinformation“PRIME”,forprestigious,in-group,moralandemotionalinformation.

Inourevolutionarypast,biasestolearnfromPRIMEinformationwereveryadvantageous:Learningfrom

prestigiousindividualsisefficientbecausethesepeoplearesuccessfulandtheirbehaviorcanbecopied.Paying

attentiontopeoplewhoviolatemoralnormsisimportantbecausepunishingthemhelpsthecommunitymaintain

cooperation.ButwhathappenswhenPRIMEinformationbecomesamplifiedbyalgorithmsandsomepeople

exploit（利用）algorithmamplificationtopromotethemselves?Prestigebecomesapoorsignalofsuccessbecause

peoplecanfakeprestigeonsocialmedia.Newsbecomefilledwithnegativeandmoralinformationsothatthereis

conflictratherthancooperation.

Theinteractionofhumanpsychologyandalgorithmamplificationleadstodisfunctionbecausesocial

learningsupportscooperationandproblem-solving,butsocialmediaalgorithmsaredesignedtoincrease

engagement.Wecallitfunctionalmismatch.Oneofthekeyoutcomesoffunctionalmismatchisthatpeoplestartto

formincorrectperceptionsoftheirsocialworld,whichoftenoccursinthefieldofpolitics.Recentresearchsuggests

thatwhenalgorithmsselectivelyamplifymoreextremepoliticalviews,peoplebegintothinkthattheirpolitical

in-groupandout-grouparemoresharplydividedthantheyreallyare.Such"'falsepolarization^^mightbean

importantsourceofgreaterpoliticalconflict.

Sowhafsnext?Akeyquestioniswhatcanbedonetomakealgorithmsfacilitateaccuratehumansocial

learningratherthanexploitsociallearningbiases.Someresearchteamisworkingonnewalgorithmdesignsthat

increaseengagementwhilealsopunishingPRIMEinformation.Thismaymaintainuseractivitythatsocialmedia

platformsseek,butalsomakepeople'ssocialperceptionsmoreaccurate.

Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.PRIMEinformationmeetswithmisperceptions

B.Algorithmscontroltheflowofsocialinformation

C.Socialmediaalgorithmstwisthumansociallearning

D.Onlinealgorithmdesignsfaceunexpectedchallenges

3.（2024?天津實驗中學?階段練習）Beforetheendoftheyear,employeesatUbiquitousEnergy,acompanyin

RedwoodCity,Cali￡willgatherinawindow-linedconferenceroomtostaretowardthefuture.Thafsbecausetheir

newglasswindowswilloffermorethananamazingviewofthemountainsandblueskiesoftheNorthCalifornia

landscape.Theywillalsofunctionassolarpanels（太陽能電池板）,abletopowerthecompany'slights,computers

andairconditioners.

Severalyearsinthemaking,Ubiquitous,energy-producingglassisagreattechnologicalachievementwhose

powerliesinthelayersoforganicpolymers（聚合物）betweensheetsofglass.Aslightentersthewindow,theflow

ofelectronsbetweenthepolymerlayerscreatesanelectriccurrent,whichisthencollectedbytinywiresinthe

glass.

“It'ssortoflikeatransparent（透明的）computerdisplayrunbackwards/5saysVeeralHardev,directorof

businessdevelopmentatUbiquitousEnergy."Thatis,insteadofelectricitybeingsenttodifferentpointsina

displaytolightthemup,lightisproducingelectricitytobesentoutofdifferentpointsinthewmdow.^^

Rightnowthewindowsproduceaboutathirdasmuchelectricityfromagivenamountofsunlightasthe

typicalsolarbatteriesusedinroofpanels（板）,andthesewindows,abouthalfastransparentasordinaryglass,don't

workaswellastransparentones.Butthosestandardsarealreadyenoughtomakethewindowsapromisingproduct,

saysHardev,addingthecompanyislikelytoimprovethetransparencysignificantly.Asfortheloweroutputof

electricity,henotesthatwindowscancoveramuchgreatersurfaceareathanaroof,sonumerouswindowswill

produceasurprisinglylargeramountofelectricitythantheproductionfromarooftopfullofhigher-efficiencysolar

panels.66Youcoulddoboth.^^saysHardev.<4Butyou'llgetmorefromthewindows.Thebiggestchallenge,headds,

istomakethewindowsfromlessthantwosquarefeetcurrentlytoabout50squarefeef9

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Windows:ANewChallengeofTechnology

B.Windows:NoLongerJustforLettingintheLight

C.Power:APressingProblemintheNearFuture

D.Power:NotEnoughfromRooftopSolarPanels

4.（2024?北京?三模）

Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?Warisanancientinstitution,whichhasoccurredever

sincemenwereorganizedintounitslargerthanthefamily.Inthepasthumanracemanagedtosurviveit.Why

shoulditnotcontinuetosurviveevenifwarsgoonoccurringfromtimetotime?Moreover,peoplelikewar,and

willfeelfrustratedwithoutit.Andwithoutwartherewillbenoadequateopportunityforheroismorself-sacrifice.

Modemtechnologyhaschangedthis.Eithermanwillabolishwar,orwarwillabolishman.Forthepresent,

itisnuclearweaponsthatcausethemostseriousdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay,beforelong,

offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceedinabolishingnuclearweapons,ourworkwillnotbedone.Itwillnever

bedoneuntilwehavesucceededinabolishingwar.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookupon

internationalquestionsinanewway,notascontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismost

skillfulinkillingpeople,butbyarbitration（通過仲裁）inaccordancewithagreedprinciplesoflaw.Itisnoteasyto

changeveryoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.

Therearethosewhosaythattheadoptionofthisorthatideology（意識形態）wouldpreventwar.Ibelieve

thistobeabigerror.Allideologiesarebasedupondogmatic（武斷的）statementsthatare,atbest,doubtful,andat

worst,totallyfalse.Theirfollowersbelieveinthemsofanaticallythattheyarewillingtogotowarinsupportof

them.

Themovementofworldopinionduringthepastfewyearshasbeenverylargelysuchaswecanwelcome.It

hasbecomeacommonplacethatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcourseverydifficultproblemsremaininthe

world,butthespiritinwhichtheyarebeingapproachedisabetteronethanitwassomeyearsago.Ithasbegunto

bethought,evenbythepowerfulmenwhodecidewhetherweshallliveordie,thatnegotiationsshouldreach

agreementsevenifbothsidesdonotfindtheseagreementswhollysatisfactory.Ithasbeguntobeunderstoodthat

theimportantconflictnowadaysisnotbetweendifferentcountries,butbetweenmanandtheatombomb.

Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WarorNoWar,ThatIsAQuestion

B.NuclearWeaponsBringtheEndofHumanRace

C.TowardsaFutureWithoutWar:ACallforGlobalArbitration

D.FromIdeologytoNegotiation:ANewApproachtoInternationalConflicts

5.（2024?北京八中?模擬預測）Althoughithasbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsarecapableofseeing,

hearingandsmelling,theyarestillusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecorded

makingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculture

wherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.

ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmade

criesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheirstemiscut.

Microphonesplaced10centimetresfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100

kilohertz,whichtheteamsaysinsectsandsomemammalswouldbecapableofhearingandrespondingtofromas

faras5metresaway.Amothmaydecideagainstlayingeggsonaplantthatsoundswater-stressed,theresearchers

suggest.Plantscouldevenhearthatotherplantsareshortofwaterandreactaccordingly,theyspeculate.

Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?

A.PlantsGetStressedJustLikeUs

B.PlantsScreaminPresenceofStress

C.SoundsofPlantsDetectedFarAway

D.SoundsofPlantsBreakFarmers5Hearts

題型閱讀理解

A

（2024?福建廈門?模擬預測）Whenyoutryanewrestaurantorbookahotel,doyouconsidertheonlinereviews?

Doyousubmitonlinereviewsyourself?Doyoupayattentioniftheyarefiltered（過濾）？Doesthatimpactyour

ownonlinereviewsubmissions?

In2010,Yelpsharedavideotohelpusersunderstandhowitsreviewfilterworksandwhyitwasnecessary.

Inrecentlypublishedresearch,T.Ravichandran,Ph.D.fromRensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,andhisteam

comparedreviewsofover1,000restaurantsonYelptothosesamerestaurantsonTripAdvisor,whichdidnotopenly

shareitsreviewfilterpolicies.TheyfoundthatthenumberofreviewssubmittedtoYelpdecreased.Those

submissionswereincreasinglynegativeandshorterinlengthcomparedtoTripAdvisor.Also,themorepositivea

review,theshorteritwas.

"Platformsarepressuredtohavecontentguidelinesandtakemeasurestopreventfraud（欺詐）andensure

thatreviewsarereliableandhelpful,9,saidRavichandran.Platformsuseadvancedsoftwaretoflagandfilter

reviews.Onceareviewisflagged,itisfilteredoutandnotdisplayed,anditisnotfactoredintotheoverallrating

forabusiness."However,mostplatformsdonotopenlydisclosetheirpolicies,leadingconsumerstosuspectthat

reviewsarecontrolledtoincreaseprofitbyfilteringso-calleddishonestcontent,Ravichandranadded.

Whetherornottodisclosereviewfiltersisacriticaldecisionforplatformswithmanyconsiderations.Users

mayputlesstimeandeffortintotheirreviewsiftheysuspectthattheyhaveasignificantchanceofbeingfiltered,

ortheymaydotheoppositetomaketheirreviewslesslikelytobefiltered.Sincemostfalsereviewsareoverly

positive,usersmayassumethatpositivereviewsaremostlikelytobefilteredandactaccordingly.

“Reviewmoderation（審核）opennesscomesatacost,“saidRavichandran.""Althoughopennesshelpsto

positionaplatformasfairtowardadvertisers,theresultantdecreaseinthenumberofreviewssubmittedimpactsthe

platform^usefulnesstoconsumers.^^Onlinereviewsposegreatopportunityforfirms,butalsoraisecomplex

questions.Platformsmustearnthetrustofuserswithoutsacrificingengagement.

1.WhatdidRavichandran^researchfind?

A.PositivesubmissionstoYelpwentup.

B.TripAdvisoradoptedbetterfilterpolicies.

C.ReviewsonTripAdvisordroppedinnumber.

D.Yelp'spracticediscouragedlongerreviews.

2.Whydoplatformsuseadvancedsoftwareforreviews?

A.Toincreasenetprofit.B.Toprotectuserprivacy.

C.Toguaranteereviewreliability.D.Toimprovebusinessreputation.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inparagraph4referto?

A.Users.B.Reviews.C.Considerations.D.Platforms.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.EnhanceUserTrustThroughReviewModeration

B.ToFilterOnlineReviews?ThinkBeforeYouStart

C.HowReviewModerationOpennessShapesUserConduct

D.OnlineReviews:FiltertheFraud,ButDon'tTellUsHow