SB1U5RevealingnatureAJourneyofDiscovery(Startingout&Understandingideas)Whatdoyouknowabouttheseunusualanimals？KomododragonKomododragons:KomododragonswerefirstencounteredbyWesternresearchers1910.TheresearchersaidtheancestoroftheKomododragonmostlikelyevolvedinAustraliaandspreadwestward,reachingtheIndonesiaislandofFlores900,000yearsago.科莫多巨蜥最早是在1910年被西方研究人員發現的。研究人員說，科莫多巨蜥的祖先很可能是在澳大利亞進化而來，并向西傳播，在90萬年前到達印度尼西亞的弗洛雷斯島。Duck-billedplatypusThefistscientiststoexamineapreservedplatypusbodyjudgeditafakeinthelate18thcentury.Theoldestdiscoveredfossilofthemodernplatpusdatesbacktoabout100,000yearsago.18世紀晚期，第一批查看保存下來的鴨嘴獸尸體的科學家判定它是贗品。已發現的最古老的現代鴨嘴獸的化石可以追溯到大約10萬年前。Duck-billedplatypusNautilusFossilrecordsindicatethatthenautilushassurvivedrelativelyunchangedforaround500millionyears.Itisoftenconsidereda“livingfossil”.化石記錄表明，鸚鵡螺在大約5億年的時間里相對穩定地存活了下來。經常被認為是“活化石”。NautilusAsoneoftheoldestseaanimalsintheworld,thenautilushashardlychangedinabout500millionyears,andthatiswhyitisoftengiventhename“livingfossil”.StartingoutActivity1Lookatthepagefromasciencemagazineandanswerthequestions.Whatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Whatmakesthemspecial?Whatothersimilaranimalsdoyouknowabout?Shareyourknowledgewiththeclass.Komododragon:ItevolvedinAustraliaandspreadwestward…Duck-billedplatypus:Theoldestdiscoveredfossilofitdatesbacktoabout100,000yearsago…Nautilus:Itoftenconsidered“livingfossils”…Theyareallspeciesthatexitthousandsofyearsonearth;Theyareoldandrare(unusual).StartingoutActivity2Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.Howcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?Canyouthinkofanotherexampleofseedstravelling?Shareitwiththeclass.Seedsusuallyarecarriedbythewind,water,andanimals.Plantscanhaveabetterchanceatlife.Dandelionseedshavelittleparachutestocatchthewindandgofurther.Humanscanspreadseedsifseedsgetstucktotheirclothingorshoes.2.Whatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?paramecium草履蟲（單細胞生物）jellyfish水母（腔腸動物）flatworm（扁形動物）earthworm蚯蚓（環節動物）snail蝸牛（軟體動物）crab螃蟹（節肢動物）starfish（棘皮動物）fish（魚類）frog青蛙（兩棲動物）turtle海龜（爬行動物）bird（鳥類）zebra斑馬（哺乳動物）human（人類）algae（藻類）moss（苔蘚）fern(蕨類)gymnosperms（裸子植物）angiosperm（被子植物）horsehairworm（線形動物）LeadinAnevolutionarytreelowerformsoflifehigherformsoflifeevolveevolutionWhatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution?Paramecium,earthworm,snail,crab,fish,tortoise,bird,horse,human,frog...;alga,moss,fern,plant...Theever-changingenvironmentofnature;environmentalchanges;populationimmigration;geneticmutation;culturalpreferences...UnderstandingideasAJourneyofDiscoveryWhomadethisdiscovery?Whatisthediscovery?Howdidhemakethediscovery?CharlesRobertDarwinThetheoryofevolutionTheOriginofSpeciesPre-readingDarwin'sTheoryofEvolutionisoneofthebasicfoundationsofmodernscience.Itshowsthatplantsandanimalscanchangeovertime.Thechangesareusuallysmallanddifficulttodetect,buttheyaddupovermanygenerationsandcanresultinnewspecies.TheBritishbiologist,naturalistandthefounderofTheoryofEvolution.Inhisearlyyears,hesailedaroundtheworldontheBeagleforfiveyears,andobservedandcollectedalotofanimals,plantsandgeologicalstructures.Hepublished

theOriginofSpeciesandputforwardthetheoryofbiologicalevolution.CharlesRobertDarwinFeb12th,1809—Apr19th,1882"TheoryofEvolution"asoneofthethreemajordiscoveriesofnaturalscienceinthe19thcentury(theothertwoarecelltheoryandthelawofconservationandtransformationofenergy),whichhasmadeoutstandingcontributionstomankind.12--5Thetextisorganizedinorderof______.Para.___Para._____Para.6-7timeBeforethejourneyDuringthejourneyPost-readingSummarize&RetellingAfterthejourneyChoosethemainideaofthepassageandgiveyourreasons.Darwin’sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.Darwin’sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.Pre-readingWhile-readingReadforstructureHowhemadethediscovery.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Para.7IntroductionOnhisjourneyGenerateideasLookformoreevidenceDevelopideasProposeatheoryConclusionWhile-readingReadforconsolidation12345samplesoftheplantsandanimalsverysimilartoeachother.cometoexist?Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironmentstherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.hadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularislandhadevolvedfromacommonancestor.arrivedontheislandsalongtimebeforehadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife1.Thecaptainoftheship,the

Beagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.“獵犬號”的船長希望找到一個“會因為這個可以游歷鮮為人知的遙遠國度的機會而受益”的人。響應號召的這個人并非船長的首選。這是一個沒有拿到學位，從醫學院輟學的年輕人。而且，他最近收到了一封他父親的來信，信中預言他將成為“自己和全家人的恥辱”。即便如此，他在這艘船上的冒險經歷將促成有史以來最重要的科學發現之一。oneof+the+最高級+可數名詞復數theopportunityof...的機會2.Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,the

Beagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?我們提到的這個年輕人——查爾斯·達爾文——是一位地質學家和博物學家，他對巖石、植物和動物著迷。1831年，他乘坐“獵犬號”離開英國。這次旅行讓他有機會研究自然環境中的各種生物。達爾文在南美洲度過一段時間以后，他船上的房間里滿是他收集的動植物樣本。當他研究這些時，他問了自己一個問題：不同物種是如何產生的？spendsometime(in)doingsth花費時間做某事3.Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.那時，人們認為地球上的所有物種都是同時出現的，并且從此再無變化。但達爾文開始有了不同的想法。他注意到，一些動物種類彼此間十分相似。也許動物在適應環境變化時進化了？這雖然只是一個想法，但足以激勵達爾文去尋找更多的證據。begintodosth開始做某事besimilarto對...感到熟悉inspiresbtodosth鼓勵某人做某事4.Whenthe

Beagle

reachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.5.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.1835年，當“獵犬號”抵達加拉帕戈斯群島時，達爾文看到了各種各樣的新物種，但最令他感興趣的是鳥類。達爾文注意到，每個島嶼上，雀類都有所不同。它們的喙似乎是根據所在島嶼上可覓得的食物類型進化而來的。達爾文猜想這些雀鳥是從一個共同的祖先進化而來的，而該祖先很久以前就來到這片群島了。隨著時間的推移，它慢慢進化成了許多新物種。這就是動植物的新物種如何產生的答案：它們從更早期的祖先進化而來。6.Itwasacompletelynewidea—atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,

OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.7.Today,

OntheOriginofSpecies

isregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.這是一個全新的理念——進化論。達爾文在他的《物種起源》一書中解釋了該理論。這本書直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了轟動。許多人拒絕相信包括人在內的所有生命都是從更低級的生命形式進化而來的。他們感到震驚。但是達爾文的科學研究是如此具有說服力，以至于越來越多的人開始相信他的理論。

如今，《物種起源》被認為是有史以來最為重要的著作之一。它徹底改變了人們對于地球上生命的看法。而這一切都始于“獵犬號”的探索之旅。sothat如此...以至于refusetodosth拒絕做某事starttodosth開始做某事1.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A．Theyoungman'sfatherwasgoodatpredictingsomething.B．Thecaptainlikedtheyoungmanverymuch.C．Theyoungmanwasn'tthebestmanthatthecaptainwanted.D．Thecaptainreceivedaletterfromtheyoungman'sfather.Ⅰ.Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.2．WhatdroveDarwintolookformoreevidence?A．Theideathatanimalsevolvedwhenadjustingtothechangingenvironments.B．TheideathatallspeciesappearedonEarthatthesametime.C．NewspecieshefoundontheGalápagosIsland