道岔控制電路原理天津鐵道職業技術學院鐵路信號基礎設備維護高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理每組單動或雙動道岔都有一套道岔控制電路。道岔控制電路包括道岔啟動電路和道岔表示電路兩部分。道岔啟動電路是動作轉轍機、轉換道岔的電路；道岔表示電路是反映道岔位置的電路。在提速區段和高速區段基本使用五線制交流轉轍機控制電路。（一）轉轍機控制電路概述1.道岔啟動電路的技術條件（1）道岔區段有車占用或道岔區段軌道電路發生故障時，道岔不能轉換。對道岔的此種鎖閉稱為區段鎖閉。（2）進路在鎖閉狀態時，進路上的道岔不能再轉換。對道岔的此種鎖閉稱為進路鎖閉。（3）道岔一經啟動，就應轉換到底，不受車輛進入影響，也不受車站值班員的控制。（4）道岔啟動電路接通后，由于電路故障使道岔未轉動，應能自動斷開啟動電路。（5）道岔轉換途中受阻使道岔不能轉換到底時，應保證經車站值班員操縱能使道岔轉回原位。（6）道岔轉換完畢應能自動切斷啟動電路。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrincipleEachgroupofsingle-actingordouble-actingturnouthasasetofturnoutcontrolcircuit.Theturnoutcontrolcircuitincludestwoparts:turnoutstartcircuitandturnoutindicationcircuit.Theturnoutstartingcircuitisthecircuitofswitchmachineandswitch;theturnoutindicatingcircuitisthecircuitreflectingthepositionofturnout.Thefive-wireACswitchmachinecontrolcircuitisbasicallyusedinthespeedsectionandhigh-speedsection.1.Overviewofswitchmachinecontrolcircuit1.TechnicalconditionsofturnoutstartingcircuitBasedonthebasicrequirementsofensuringthesafetyoftrainoperation,andcombinedwiththecontinuousrevisionandimprovementofalargenumberofoperationalpractices,thefollowingtechnicalconditionsarefinallyconfirmedfortheturnoutstartcircuit.(1)Turnoutsectionoccupiedbycars,orturnoutsectiontrackcircuitfailure,thesectionoftheturnoutcannotbeconverted.Suchlockingoftheturnoutiscalledblocklocking.(2)Theapproachroadinthelockedstate,theapproachroadturnoutcannotbeconverted.Suchlockingoftheturnoutiscalledapproachlocking.(3)Oncetheturnoutisstarted,itshouldbefinishworking,notaffectedbythevehicleentry,andnotcontrolledbythestationdutyofficer.Otherwise,whenthevehicleenterstheturnoutsection,iftheturnoutstopsoriscontrolledbythestationwatchmanandturnsback,itmaycausederailmentorcrowdedturnoutaccident.High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple(4)Aftertheturnoutstartcircuitisconnected,duetocircuitfailure(suchasswitchcircuitcontrolcontact,motorcarbonbrushpoorcontact)sothattheturnoutisnotrotating,shouldbeabletoautomaticallydisconnectthestartcircuit,soastoavoidtheeliminationofthefaultduetotheneighboringlinetrainvibrationandotherreasonscausedbytheturnoutconversion.(5)Theswitchisblockedonthewaytoconversion(suchasthetipoftherailandthestockrailtrackseamwithballast,etc.)sothattheswitchcannotbeconvertedtothecloure,shouldensurethatthestationwatchmanmanipulationcanmaketheswitchturnbacktotheoriginalposition.(6)Turnoutconversionshouldbeabletoautomaticallycutoffthestartcircuit.高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理2.道岔啟動電路的操縱方式對道岔有兩種操縱方式，一種是對道岔進行進路方式操縱，另一種是對道岔進行單獨操縱。進路方式操縱是指選路過程中使進路內各個道岔的DCJ或FCJ勵磁吸起并自閉，利用DCJ或FCJ吸起接通道岔啟動電路。道岔單獨操縱，指值班員人工直接操縱道岔到定位或反位。3.道岔啟動電路的基本原理如圖所示為辦理由X至ⅠG的接車進路時，從道岔轉換到開放信號過程中電路的時序邏輯關系。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple2.ManipulationmethodofturnoutstartcircuitTherearetwowaystomanipulatetheturnout,oneistomanipulatetheturnoutintheapproachway,andtheotheristomanipulatetheturnoutseparately.Intheprocessofroadselection,theDCJorFCJofeachturnoutintheroadismagnetizedandself-closed,andtheDCJorFCJisusedtostarttheturnoutcircuit.Separatemanipulationofturnoutmeansthatthedutyofficerdirectlymanipulatestheturnouttothepositioningorreversepositionmanually.Figure6-1showsthetiminglogicrelationshipofthecircuitintheprocessofswitchingfromtheturnouttoclearingsignalwhenpreparingaroutefromXtoⅠG.高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理（三）交流轉轍機控制電路1.為滿足列車提速后對行車安全的要求，在車站正線改換為提速道岔后，道岔轉換采用ZDJ9型交流電動轉轍機或ZYJ7型電動液壓轉轍機。這些設備有以下共同特點：（1）道岔機械鎖閉采用外鎖閉裝置。（2）尖軌分動。兩根尖軌由連動改為分動，減少了轉換力。（3）尖軌和可動心軌采用多點牽引，可實現全程密貼和全程夾物檢查，確保了行車安全。（4）以三相交流電動機作為動力，控制電路原理基本相同。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple3.Acswitchmachinecontrolcircuit1.Inordertomeettherequirementsoftrainsafetyafterthespeedincrease,afterthestationmainlineischangedtospeedincreaseturnouts,theturnoutsareconvertedbyZDJ9ACelectricswitchmachineorZYJ7electrichydraulicswitchmachine.Theequipmenthavethefollowingcommonfeatures.(1)Externallockingdeviceisusedforturnoutmechanicallocking.(2)Tonguerailsplitting.Thetwotonguerailsarechangedfromlinkedtosplit,reducingtheconversionforce.(3)Thetonguerailandmovablefrograilusingmulti-pointtractioncanrealizethewholecloseandthewholeclipcheck,toensurethesafetyoftraffic.(4)Three-phaseACmotorisusedforpowersupply,andthecontrolcircuitprincipleisbasicallythesame.高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理2.道岔斷相保護器交流轉轍機采用三相交流電源，供電電壓為380V。為防止在三相交流電源斷相情況下燒壞電動機，在交流轉轍機控制電路中設有道岔斷相保護器DBQ，道岔斷相保護器電路如圖所示。DBQ由3個電流互感器、橋式整流器和保護繼電器BHJ3部分組成。3個電流互感器的一次側線圈分別串聯在三相交流電路中，二次側線圈首尾相連，經橋式整流后，輸出端接保護繼電器BHJ。道岔斷相保護器電路圖一相斷電時DBQ示意圖改進型DBQ電路ZBHJ電路High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple2.PhasebreakprotectorofturnoutTheACswitchmachineadoptsthree-phaseACpowersupplywith380V.Inordertopreventthemotorfromburningoutincaseofthree-phaseACpowerfailure,thecontrolcircuitoftheACswitchmachineisequippedwithaturnoutphase-breakingprotectorDBQ,andthecircuitoftheturnoutphase-breakingprotectorisshowninFigure6-62.DBQconsistsofthreecurrenttransformers,bridgerectifierandprotectionrelayBHJ.Theprimarysidecoilsofthethreecurrenttransformersareconnectedinseriesinthethree-phaseACcircuit,andthesecondarysidecoilsareconnectedatthebeginningandend,andtheoutputisconnectedtotheprotectionrelayBHJafterthebridgerectifier.circuitdiagramofturnoutphasebreakprotectorSchematicdiagramofDBQincaseofpowerfailureofonephaseModifiedDBQcircuitZBHJCircuit高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理3.ZDJ9型交流轉轍機道岔控制電路如圖所示為ZDJ9型交流轉轍機道岔控制電路，采用鉤式外鎖閉裝置，不帶密貼檢查器。ZDJ9型交流轉轍機道岔啟動電路包括：1DQJ勵磁電路、1DQJF勵磁電路、2DQJ轉極電路和電機電路。（1）ZDJ9型交流轉轍機道岔啟動電路當進路方式操縱道岔由定位向反位轉換時，使1DQJ經3—4線圈勵磁吸起，其電路為：KZ—CA61—63—SJ81—82—1DQJ3—4—2DQJ141—142—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KF1DQJ吸起后，1DQJF隨之吸起，其電路為：KZ—1DQJF1—4—TJ33—31—1DQJ32—31—KF1DQJF吸起后接通2DQJ轉極電路，其電路為：KZ—1DQJF31—32—2DQJ2—1—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KFHigh-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple3.ZDJ9ACswitchmachineturnoutcontrolcircuitFigure6-10showsthecontrolcircuitofZDJ9ACswitchmachineturnout,whichadoptshooktypeexternallockingdevicewithoutclose-fittingchecker.ThestartingcircuitofZDJ9ACswitchmachineturnoutincludes:1DQJenergizedcircuit,1DQJFenergizedcircuit,2DQJturningpolecircuitandmotorcircuit.(1)ZDJ9typeACswitchmachineturnoutstartingcircuitWhentheapproachroutemanipulatestheturnoutfrompositioningtoreversingposition,itmakes1DQJexciteandsuckupby3-4coils,andthecircuitisKZ—CA61—63—SJ81—82—1DQJ3—4—2DQJ141—142—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KFAfter1DQJisenergized,1DQJFisthenenergized,andthecircuitisKZ—1DQJF1—4—TJ33—31—1DQJ32—31—KF1DQJFsucksupandturnsonthe2DQJtranspolarcircuit,thecircuitisKZ—1DQJF31—32—2DQJ2—1—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KF高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理（2）ZDJ9型交流轉轍機道岔表示電路交流轉轍機道岔表示電路用道岔表示繼電器線圈與半波整流二極管并聯的方式構成。定位表示時，DBJ勵磁電路在電源負半周接通。正半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—1DQJF13—11—2DQJ111—112—轉轍機接點33-34—轉轍機接點15-16—二極管Z2—1—R2—轉轍機接點36-35—繞組B—繞組A—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。負半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—DBJ4—1—轉轍機接點11-12—繞組C—繞組A—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。反位表示時，FBJ勵磁電路在電源正半周時接通。正半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—FBJ1—4—轉轍機接點41-42—電動機繞組C—電動機繞組A—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。負半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—1DQJF23—21—2DQJ121—123—轉轍機接點23-24—轉轍機接點45-46—R2—二極管Z1—2—轉轍機接點26-25—電動機繞組B—電動機繞組A—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple(2)ZDJ9typeACswitchmachineturnoutindicatingcircuit

ACswitchmachineturnoutindicatingcircuitiscomposedofturnoutindicatingrelaycoilandhalf-waverectifierdiodeinparallel.TheDBJenergizedcircuitisswitchedoninthenegativehalfofthepowersupplywhenthepositioningisindicated.positivehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—1DQJF13—11—2DQJ111—112—switchcircuitcontrol33-34—switchcircuitcontrol15-16—DiodeZ2—1—R2—switchcircuitcontrol36-35—motorBwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。Negativehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—DBJ4—1—switchcircuitcontrol11-12—motorCwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。Whentheinversepositionisindicated,theFBJenergizedcircuitisturnedonwhenthepowerisinthepositivehalf-cycleofthepowersupply.positivehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—FBJ1—4—switchcircuitcontrol41-42—motorCwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。Negativehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—1DQJF23—21—2DQJ121—123—switchcircuitcontrol23-24—switchcircuitcontrol45-46—R2—DiodeZ1—2—switchcircuitcontrol26-25—motorBwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理ZDJ9型交流轉轍機控制電路High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrincipleControlCircuitofZDJ9ACSwitchMachine高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理4.ZYJ7型電液轉轍機道岔控制電路ZYJ7型電液轉轍機控制電路，室內電路與ZDJ9型交流電動轉轍機相同，室外電路略有差別。如圖是定位時1、3排接點閉合，若定位時2、4排接點閉合，則只室內電路需將X2與X3，X4與X5互換，二極管極性互換即可。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple4.ZYJ7typeelectro-hydraulicswitch

machineturnoutcontrolcircuitTheindoorcircuitofZYJ7typeelectro-hydraulicswitchmachineisthesameastheindoorcircuitofZDJ9typeACelectricswitchmachine,andtheoutdoorcircuitisslightlydifferent.Figure6-11showsthatthecontactpointsofrows1and3areclosedwhenpositioning,ifthecontactpointsofrows2and4areclosedwhenpositioning,itisonlynecessarytointerchangeX2andX3,X4andX5,andinterchangethediodepolarity.高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理客運專線車站道岔控制電路：（1）尖軌用道岔控制電路客運專線車站道岔可采用ZDJ9型電動轉轍機，也可采用ZYJ7型電液轉轍機，其道岔控制電路的原理與前面的提速道岔控制電路基本相同。（2）心軌用控制電路可動心軌控制電路根據道岔要求設置3個牽引點，其動作原理和控制電路與尖軌相同。（3）表示繼電器電路表示繼電器每個牽引點各設置1臺DBJ和FBJ，再設置1套總表示繼電器，當各個牽引點的表示繼電器全部吸起后，通過各個牽引點表示繼電器前接點串聯給主組合中的總的道岔表示繼電器DBJ和FBJ。（4）道岔同步保護電路道岔同步保護電路尖軌和心軌各設1套，尖軌用1QDJ和lZBHJ，心軌用2QDJI和2ZBHJ。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrincipleStationturnoutcontrolcircuitofpassengerdedicat