Chapter1Introduction

1.1Structure

Theadventofthe6thgenerationmobilecommunicationnetwork(6G)promisestointroduce

newperformancemetricsandapplicationscenarios.Auser-centricnetworkispoisedtobeakey

technologydrivingtherealizationofthe6Gvision,asitbreaksawayfromthetraditional

paradigmofa“basestationcentric”networkandeffectivelyintegrateswithemerging

technologiesintheinformationindustry.TheInternationalTelecommunicationUnionRadio

communicationsector(ITU-R)highlightsinits"FutureTechnologyTrendsofTerrestrial

InternationalMobileTelecommunicationsSystemstowards2030andBeyond"reportthat,asa

newtypeofnetworkarchitecture,user-centricarchitecturetechnologycanenhanceRadioAccess

Networks(RAN)[1].

ThiswhitepaperdelvesintotheresearchonUser-CentricAccessNetwork(UCAN)

technologyfor6G.ItbeginsbyintroducingthebackgroundofUCANtechnologyresearchand

explainstheconceptandgoalofuser-centricin6G.Chapter2outlinesthescenerequirementsand

evaluationmetricsforUCAN,whileChapter3delvesintothedesignofuser-centricaccess

networksystems,encompassingfivemajorfunctionalcharacteristicsandarchitecturaldesigns.

Chapter4discussesthekeytechnologiesoftheuser-centricaccessnetwork,andChapter5

concludesandprovidesafutureoutlook.

1.2Background

Facedwithincreasinglycomplexnetworkenvironmentsanddiverseservicerequirements,

thelimitationsofthetraditionalcellulararchitecturearebecomingincreasinglyprominent.The

highpathlossofdatatransmissionattheedgeofcellsandunpredictableinterferencefrom

neighboringcellsleadtoimbalancesinuserdataratesbetweenthecellcenterandcelledge.

Additionally,duringmobiletransitions,handoversatthecellularedgemaycauseservice

interruptionsanddelays.Asthecellularcoverageareacontinuestoshrink,theseissuesbecome

moresevere.Toenhancenetworkqualityofserviceandrobustness,variousedgeenhancement

andmobilityoptimizationsolutionshavebeenproposed,andstandardized:

Forcelledgedatatransmission,4Gand5Ghavesuccessivelyproposedkeytechnologies

suchasCoordinatedMultiplePointsTransmission/Reception(CoMP)andMulti-Transmission

ReceptionPoints(Multi-TRP).CoMPenablesdifferentcellswithinasinglebasestationtosend

andreceivethesameordifferentdatatoasingleuser[2].Multi-TRPallowsmultipleTRPsto

cooperateinsendingandreceivingthesameordifferentdatatoasingleuser[3].However,dueto

thelimiteduserscale/coverageareaofasingleDistributedUnit(DU),thedynamiceffectsof

MultipleTRPcollaborationareconstrainedbyoperationsacrossDUsthroughtheCentralizedUnit

(CU),andthedelayincrease/datainterruptioncausedbytheterminalswitchingbetweenDUs,this

optimizationonlyimprovestheedgeperformancewithlimitedgainandbringsadditionalsystem

complexity.

Toenhancemobility,5GintroducedtechnologieslikeConditionalHandOver(CHO),Dual

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ActiveProtocolStack(DAPS),andL1/L2-triggeredMobility(LTM)toaddressservicecontinuity

andseamlesstransitionissuesduringterminalhandovers.CHOconfigureshandoverconditionsto

theUserEquipment(UE),allowingtheUEtodeterminethetimingofhandoversbasedon

conditions.DAPSactivatestwoprotocolstackssimultaneously,ensuringuninterrupteddata

transferduringthehandoverprocess.LTM,throughL1/L2signaling,performsmeasurement

reportingandcellhandovers,reducingmobilitydelays[3].ItcanbeseenthatCHO,DAPSand

LTMarealloptimizationsofthehandoverprocess,anddonoteliminatethehandoverprocess.

Theterminalsstillneedtoperformhandoverswhenmoving,andthiswillbecomemorefrequent

inenvironmentswithsmallcellcoverage,therebyincreasingsignalinginteractionsbetween

terminalsandnetworks,aswellaspowerconsumptionforbothterminalsandnetworks.The

prevalenceofsmallcellcoverageisexpectedtobeevenmorewidespreadin6G.Inaddition,

althoughtheseenhancedfeaturesprovidecertaingains,theyarealllimitedandrequirethe

terminaltohavecorrespondingcapabilities,whichincreasesthedesigncomplexityofthe

terminal.

Furthermore,solutionsbasedonCentralizedRadioAccessNetwork(C-RAN)defining

super-cellapproacheshavebeendiscussedintheindustry.However,consideringthephysical

layerdesignbasedonexistingtechnologies,suchasterminaladdressingbasedonPhysicalCell

Identity(PCI)andCellRadioNetworkTemporaryIdentifier(C-RNTI),themaxnumberofuserin

thesuper-cellcanonlybethemaximumsupportedbythecurrentstandarddesign.Thisapproach

notonlyfailstofundamentallyaddressthelogicalconstraintsofexistingradioaccessnetworks

butalsointroducesanadditionallayeroflogicalconstraintswithsuper-cell,increasingsystem

complexity.

Insummary,priorto6G,mobilecommunicationhasbeendevotedtoincrementalcorrections

basedonthebasicarchitectureofcellularnetworks.Althoughsomeenhancementtechnologies

havebeenintroduced,providingcertainperformancegains,theyarelimitedbythestrongbinding

relationshipbetweenbasestationcellsanduserterminals.Ononehand,theycannot

fundamentallysolvetheproblemandarenotapplicabletoallterminals.Ontheotherhand,they

introducesignificantcomplexitytobothbasestationsandterminals,hinderingdeviceand

operationalcostmaintenance.

1.3ConceptandObjectives

Intheeraof6G,newtrends,drivenbynewscenarios,frequencybands,andtechnologies,

forceustoreconsider,reflect,andexpandourunderstandingofuser-centric.Inthisprocess,the

conceptof"User"isfurtherexpanded,encompassingnotonlytocustomer(toC)userssuchas

mobilephonesbutalsotobusiness(toB)users/customers,includingindustryapplicationsand

networktenants,coveringbothcontentprovisionandconsumption."Centric"refersto

empoweringuserswithcertainautonomythroughcustomizablenetworks,providingfriendly

networkinteractionandcustomizationforusersthroughopennetworkinfrastructure(channels,

computingpower,sensing,intelligence,etc.),andestablishingasounduserexperienceevaluation

system.

Thegoalofuser-centrichasbeenlong-standing.Fromanapplicationlayerperspective,

end-to-endnetworkservicesaimtofulfilluserdemands.Regardingphysicallayertransmission

technology,thebesttransmissionperformanceinvolvesarbitrarynodeconnectionswithout

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consideringcellularnetworkrestrictions.However,thesetwoidealswerepracticallyunattainable

in5Gnetworks.Toachievetheultimateend-to-enduser-centricandoptimizephysicallayer

transmissiontechnologywithoutconstraintsfromcellularnetworkarchitecture,logical

reconstructionofaccessnetworksisrequired.6GUCAN,whichisnotconstrainedbythe

deploymentofhigh-levelnodes,servesasanaccessnetworkcenteredaroundusersandservices,

flexiblyorganizingnetworknodesandresourcestoserveusers.UCANadaptsflexiblytothe

needsofusersandservices,withadesigngoalofconsistentuserexperience(i.e.,UEcanobtain

resourcesforuplinkanddownlinktransmissionasneededfromanylocation),avoidingcomplex

andredundantpatchworkconstruction,andadheringtothelawsoftechnologicalevolutionand

industrialdevelopmentforsystemarchitectureandkeytechnologyresearch[4].

TypicaldefinitionsofUCANinclude:

Intermsofarchitectureandnetworking,thenetworkwillprovideuserswithhigherfreedom

andsupportdeepcustomizationbasedonuserportrait.Differentnetworkarchitecture

organizationsanddeploymentformscanbeusedfordifferentusersandserviceapplications

dynamically.Thenetworktracksandmaintainsusercontextforthelongterm,perceives,analyzes,

andintelligentlypredictsinformationrelatedtousersandservices,thussegmentingandfriendly

handlinguser/terminalrequests.Itquicklyconstructsnewbusinessesanddeployswireless

transmissionservices,providingefficientconnectionmanagementmechanismsandtopology

adaptivemechanisms,suchasuser-intent-drivenanduser-interest-sensingdesigns.

Intermsofresources,thedevelopmentofnewtechnologiessuchascloudcomputing,big

data,andAIhelpsthenetworkestablishandmaintainanoverallviewandschedulingmanagement

ofmulti-dimensionalresourcessuchasconnections,computingpower,data,andmodels.This

ensuresreal-timeandprecisedeliveryofvariousresources,suchasbeams,bandwidth,power,

TRP,channels,andlinkinterfaces,optimizingenergyandspectrumefficiency,keepinguser

terminals(groups)alwaysintheoptimalservicestate.

Intermsofuserservices,thenetworkgrantsusersgreaterautonomy,meetingdiverse

connectivityandnetworkingneedsfordifferentusers/terminalsinvariousscenarios.Userscan

autonomouslyselectthenetworktype(e.g.,Sidelink,V2X,NTN)basedonterminalcapabilities,

servicerequirements,andnetworkconditionsormakemobilitydecisions.Theycanalsoprovide

feedbacktothenetworkbasedonserviceornetworkingrequirements,requestingthenetworkto

coordinatecorrespondingresourcesandconfigurations.Thisallowsuserstoswitchbetween

terminalsandnetwork(orrelay)nodesasneeded,offeringandusingservicesaccordingly.

Chapter2ScenariosandRequirements

2.1Scenarios

User-centric6Gradioaccessnetwork,buildingupontheapplicationsservedby5G

technology,willachieveon-demandflexiblenetworkingacrossmultipledimensions,including

spectrumresources,functionality,services,computingpower,andsecurity,cateringtobothtoB

andtoCusers.Thisintegrationaimstomeetthediverserequirementsofemergingfusionservices.

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Itnotonlyprovidespersonalizedservicessuchasmobilitymanagement,policycontrol,session

control,andpersonaldatamanagementbutalsooptimizessignalingoverheadandnetwork

performanceattheuserlevel.Itispoisedtobecomeoneofthedisruptivetechnologiesinthe6G

era.

?NovelConvergedNetworks

Lookingatthefuture6Gnetwork,thereisanurgentneedtoachievefullcoverage.Its

convergednetworkdeploymenttypesincludebutarenotlimitedto,ultra-densenetworks,

wide-areacoveragenetworks,edgecloudnetworks,integratedspace-terrestrialnetworks,and

UAVnetworks.Creatingafusionthree-dimensionalnetworkisafocalpointof6Gdevelopment.

Theuser-centricaccessnetworkcanaccommodatevariousnetworktypes,suchastheInternetof

Things(IoT)andmobilebroadbandnetworks.Itprovidespreciseservicesforusersunderdifferent

networkarchitecturesbyselectingavailableaccesspointsbasedondemand.

?ImmersiveServiceCommunication

Withtherapiddevelopmentof5Gstreamingandmultimediaservices,immersive

communicationbasedonExtendedReality(XR)communication,holographiccommunication,

remotemulti-sensoryintelligentcommunication,andotherdiversifiedservices,isexpectedto

becomekillerapplicationsof6G,whichcanprovideuserswithimmersiveuserexperiences.

Immersivecommunicationscenariosrequirethenetworktoprovideultra-highdataratesand

ultra-lowlatency,ultra-highreliabilityperformanceguarantees.Tothisend,realizinga

user-centricaccessnetworkarchitecturewillbecomeanimportantconsiderationforbuildingthis

service.UCANguaranteesindependentservicetransmissionforeachuserthroughmulti-node

coordinationandflexiblegroupingsettings.Atthesametime,itprovidesuserswithmoreflexible

andricherresourcestomeettheneedsofhigh-trafficservicesacrossthenetwork.

?Communication-Sensing-ComputingIntegration

6Gnetworkscanutilizecommunicationsignalstoachievesensingfunctionssuchas

detection,localization,recognition,andimagingoftargets,acquiringenvironmentalinformation

forenhanceduserexperiences.UCANnotonlypossessesstrongsensingcapabilities,including

userservicerequirementsbutalsoswiftlyanduniformlycoordinatescomputingresourcesamong

multipleuserstomeetthenetwork'scomputingdemands.Thisachievestheperformanceof

integratedsensing,communication,andcomputationnetworks[4].

?IntelligentServiceScenarios

Intheeraof6G,withtheblueprintofcreatingaworldwhereeverythingisintelligently

connected,therewillbeanincreasingnumberofnewintelligentterminals.Withtheassistanceof

AItechnology,intelligententitiescancontinuouslylearnandautonomouslycollaborate,

empoweringapplicationsinsmarthealthcare,industrialIoT,smarthomes,autonomousdriving,

andmanyothers.DrivenbyAItechnology,UCANdetectsusersandtheirservicerequirements,

adaptivelyconstructsflexiblecellsforusers,andachievespathselection,wirelessresource

coordination,andaccessnodeselectionnetworkfunctionalities.Additionally,leveragingthe

distributedcollaborativecapabilitiesamongmultiplenodes,itaddressespainpointssuchasdata

storage,computation,andprivacyprotectioninintelligentscenarios.

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2.2Requirements

2.2.1SeamlessConnectivity

Seamlessconnectivityprimarilyreferstomeetingtheuser'sneedforconnectivityand

communicationanytime,anywhere.Asserviceintegrationprogressesanddeploymentscenarios

expand,usersrequireconnectivityandcommunicationinvariouslocations,suchasonairplanes,

inremoteareas,andinmaritimezones.Tomeettheuser'sdemandforaseamlessconnection,the

6Gnetworkwillextendcontinuouslytowardthespace,air,ground,andsea.Thegroundcellular

networkwillbeintegratedwithspacenetworksincludinghigh-orbitsatellitenetworks,medium-

andlow-orbitsatellitenetworks,high-altitudeplatforms,andUAV,asshowninFigure2.2-1.It

willbuildglobalwide-areacoverageofaspace-air-groundintegratedthree-dimensionalnetwork,

achievingtheeffectthatanyonecancommunicatewithanyoneatanytimeandanywhere.

Figure2.2-1User-CentricSeamlessConnectivityNetwork

2.2.2DiverseConnections

Diverseconnectivitymainlyreferstothedifferentiateddemandofusersforconnection

capabilities.Itisnecessarytoprovideuserswiththebestconnectionservicetomeettheirneeds.

Withtheconnectionofpeople,machines,andthings,andtheconnectionbetweenthephysicaland

virtualworlds,therearealargenumberofconnectablephysicalentities,asshowninFigure2.2-2,

includingsmartterminals,sensors,wearabledevices,vehicles,andindustrialcontrolequipment.

Duetothediverserequirementsofdifferentusersforconnectioncapabilities,providinguserswith

optimalconnectioncapabilitiesanddeployingconnectionfunctionalityondemandrequiresa

user-centricapproach.Itsupportstheintelligentinterconnectionandfusionofvarious

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heterogeneousnetworks,dynamicallymeetingcomplexanddiversescenariosandservice

requirements,includingfutureapplicationslikeunmanneddriving,smarthomes,andvirtual

reality.Itmeetsthedemandsforhighbitrates,lowlatencyjitter,andhigherreliabilitywhile

achievingnetwork-sideintegrationofmulti-access,connections,andservices.

Figure2.2-2User-CentricDiverseConnectionNetwork

2.2.3High-SpeedDataTransmission

Asinfrastructuresuchasnetworks,AIcomputing,andedgecloudcontinuestoimprove,and

withthepopularityofonlineeducation,livee-commerce,metaverse,remotehealthcare,and

widespreadentertainmentandsocialactivities,thereisacontinuousincreaseinuserdemandsfor

high-trafficapplicationsandthespeedofInternetofeverything.Forinstance,metaverseservices

requirereal-timedatatransmission,real-timeaudio-videocommunication,andthecapabilityto

supportmultipleuserssimultaneouslyonline,necessitatingnetworkstoprovidehigh-speed,

low-latencydataservices.Therefore,auser-centricnetworkneedstoofferhigh-speed,low-latency,

andhighlyreliabledatatransmissionaccordingtouserrequirementstobettersupportreal-time

andhigh-speedapplications.

2.2.4Data-DrivenComputingDemand

Withtheadventofthe6Gera,thedegreeofdigitizationisdeepening,andglobaldata-driven

trendsareaccelerating.Real-timedataprocessingandultra-large-scaledeviceconnectionswill

bringpeopleanincreasinglysophisticateduserexperienceandconvenientlife.Thistrendalso

placeshighdemandsoninformationprocessingcapabilitiesbasedoncomputingpower.UCAN

notonlyneedstoproviderobustcomputingsupportbutalsorequirestheabilitytodynamically

schedulepersonalizedresources.Thefocuswillbeonhowtoscheduletaskstomatchcomputing

resourcesbasedonusers'differenttaskrequirements.Designingincentivemechanismsto

encourageuserstocoordinateandallocatecomputingpowerandultimatelyachieveefficient

empowermentofcomputingresourceswillbecomeoneofthekeydirectionsforfutureUCAN

considerations.

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2.3EvaluationMetrics

?Latency

Controlplanelatencyreferstothetransitiontimefromthemost"battery-efficient"state(e.g.,

idlestate)tothestartofcontinuousdatatransmission(e.g.,activitystate).Thegoalin5Gis20ms

(eMBB,URLLC).UCANadoptsacloud-basedcontrolplanecentralizedschedulingsystem,

expandingthe2-stepRACHwithintheCCU(Msg1andMsg3,Msg2andMsg4combiningto

reduceRACHlatency),furtherreducingcontrolplanelatencyin6G.Simultaneously,the

improvementinhardwareprocessingcapabilityeffectivelyshortensthemessageprocessing

latencyforUEandTRP.

?Mobility

Mobilityinterruptiontimereferstotheshortestdurationduringwhichauserterminalcannot

exchangeuserplanenetworkpacketswithanybasestationduringamobilitytransition.The

mobilityinterruptiontimedelaytargetofbeammobilityandCAmobilitydescribedin5Gfeatures

is0ms.UCANusesmultipleTRPstoserveasingleUE,andthemobilityinterruptiondelayis

closelyrelatedtotheTRPorganizationproblem.SincetheseTRPscanbelocatedunderthesame

DDUordifferentDDUs,TRPorganizationcoordinatedbyCCUandDDUcanachieve0ms

mobilityinterruptiondelayinbothinter-DDUandintra-DDUscenarios.

?SystemCapacity

Systemcapacityisdefinedasthenumberofuserssatisfyingspecificservicesinacellor

geographicalarea(m2).Thespecificindicatorsare:Y%ofUEsintheareameettherequirements.

ThejudgmentstandardforUEstomeettherequirementsisthatallflowsreachthedataerrorrate

anddelaybudgetrequirements,thatis,morethanX%ofthedataissuccessfullytransmitted

withintheairinterfacedelaybudget.TypicalvaluesforXandYare90and99.

Thisdefinitioncomesfrom3GPPXRcapacityevaluation.Immersiveservices,represented

byXRservices,arerecognizedasfeaturedapplicationsin6G.Immersiveserviceshave

requirementsforhighspeed,lowlatency,andhighreliability.Existingsinglemetricssuchaspeak

rate,spectralefficiency,latency,andreliabilityarenotsufficienttocharacterizesystem-level

satisfactionforsuchservices.Tomoreintuitivelyreflectthedifferentuserandservice

requirementsof6Gcomparedto5G,itisnecessarytodefinesystem-levelmetricsforsuch

services.Systemcapacityisanintuitiverequirementfor6Gnetworkoperationand6Gfeatured

usersatisfaction.

Chapter3SystemDesign

Thesystemdesignoftheuser-centricaccessnetworkincludesthefollowingpaths:1)Realize

basicfeaturessuchasuser-centricconnectionandtransmissionthroughsimplifiedandoptimized

underlyingdesign.2)Implementanend-to-endarchitecturefortheuser-centricnetworkfromthe

overallarchitecturelevel,adoptaunifiedandsimplifieddesignfordifferentaccessmethods,and

introducenativeintelligence,integratedsensingandcommunication,andcomputingcollaboration.

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3)Exploremoreinnovativedesignstoachievearchitecturesthataremoreconduciveto

user-centric,suchasnewsecurity(e.g.,blockchain)andtightcouplingoftheapplicationlayer

withtheaccessnetwork.

Figure3-1DesignRouteofUser-CentricAccessNetwork

ThischapterfirstintroducesthemainfeaturesoftheUCANsystemarchitecture,andthen,

addressingthefirstdesignrouteissue,proposesaCCU-DDU-TRParchitecturebasedonthe

evolutionof5G.Then,basedontheresearchonthefollow-updesignrouteissuesandthe

explorationofnetworkarchitectureevolution,possibledesigndirectionsaregiven.

3.1Characteristics

User-centric,asamajorfeatureof6Gnetworks,enablesthenetworktointelligentlysensethe

user'swirelesscommunicationenvironment,andthenflexiblyorganizetherequirednetwork

accesspointsandresourcestoservetheuser,makingtheuseralwaysfeelatthecenterofthe

wirelesssignalcoverage.Toembodyuser-centricandmeetdiversescenariosandneeds,

user-centricnetworksmainlypossessfivekeycharacteristics:deepcustomization,elastic

reconfigurability,opennessandcompatibility,intelligentadaptiveuserservices,andenhanceduser

rights.

3.1.1DeepCustomization

Inthetraditionalsense,acustomizednetworkmeansadedicatednetwork,thatis,usinga

specificfrequencytoservespecificusersinaspecificarea.Inthe6Gera,thenetworkneedstoput

userneedsatthecoreofnetworkdesignandoperation,meetuser-specificrequirementsforthe

network,providecustomizedfunctionsandservicestoimproveusersatisfactionandexperience,

andenhancenetworkflexibilityandadaptability.User-centricdeepcustomizationnetworksaimto

providehighlypersonalizedandcustomizednetworkservicesandexperiencesbasedontheneeds

andpreferencesofdifferentapplicationscenariosandusergroups.

Fromadeploymentperspective,intheuser-centricradioaccessnetwork,widelydeployed

networknodeswilldynamicallyconstructflexiblecellforeachuserbasedonpreciseuserneeds.

Foreachuser,theflexiblecellisdeeplycustomizedinrealtime—anytime,anywhere,forany

service,andanyusertype.User-centricradioaccessnetworksarewidelyapplicabletotoBand

toCnetworks.Fromthenetworkside,networknodescanbedeployedandreusedefficientlyand

energy-efficiently.

Fromtheperspectiveofresourcesandapplications,thenetworkwillcustomizetheallocation

andoptimizationofnetworkresourcesbasedonfactorssuchasuserlocation,devicetype,and

networkqualitytoprovideoptimalperformanceanduserexperience.Forexample,thenetwork

canprovidecustomizedoptimizationandsupportbasedontheapplicationsandservicesusedby

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users.Forspecificapplicationscenarios(suchasonlinegamingandvideostreaming),thenetwork

canprovidespeciallyoptimizedbandwidth,latency,andotherservicestodeliverbetterapplication

performance.Additionally,thenetworkcanmakeautonomousdecisionsandadjustmentsbasedon

userneedsandenvironmentalconditions.Forexample,basedonfactorssuchasuserpriorityand

resourceutilization,thenetworkcanautomaticallyselecttheoptimalpath,allocatethemost

suitableresources,anddynamicallyadjustinrealtime.

3.1.2ElasticReconfigurability

Traditionalnetworkarchitecturesareoftenbasedonfixedtopologiesandstatic

configurations.However,withthedevelopmentoftechnologiessuchascloudcomputing,IoT,and

5G,userdemandsfornetworkshavebecomeincreasinglydiverseanddynamic.User-centric

elasticreconfigurablenetworksaimtoprovideabetteruserexperienceandnetworkresource

management.Theyachievethisbyadaptingtochangingdemandsandenvironments,supporting

emergingapplicationscenariosandservicemodels(suchasedgecomputing,virtualreality,and

IoT),therebyenhancingnetworkreliability,resilience,andefficiency.

Differentfromthecellularnetworkthatisalwaysactivatedandwaitingforpotentialusers,

theuser-centricradioaccessnetworkishighlyscalableandreconfigurable.Theycan

automaticallyadapttochangesinthenumberofusers,applicationrequirements,andnetwork

topology.Forinstance,throughelasticreconfigurationanddynamicconfigurationofnetwork-side

nodes,suchasquantity,transmissionpower,andtransmissionmechanisms(e.g.,massiveMIMO),

thenetworksidecanoptimallycontrolinterferenceandreducenetworkenergyconsumption.

Apartfromconventionalcommunicationenvironments,user-centricradioaccessnetworkscan

alsohandlesuddenadverseconditions,suchasnaturaldisasters.Theelasticreconfigurable

networksupportstherobustnessandself-healingcapabilityofnetworkaccess.Thedesignand

applicationofflexiblecellcanpromotetheflexibilityofnetworkfacilitiesandachieverapid

networkdeployment.Changeswithinacertainrangeofthenetworkwillnotdestroythenetwork's

abilitytomeetuserneeds.

Networkresources(suchasbandwidth,storage,andcomputingcapabilities)canbe

virtualizedandpooledtomoreflexiblyallocatethemtodifferentusersandapplications.The

networkcanmonitorandanalyzetheutilizationofnetworkresourcesinrealtime,sensechanges

inuserdemandsbasedonreal-timenetworkstate,andadjustandreconfigurenetwork-sidenodes

andresourcesautomaticallytoprovideoptimalnetworkservices.

3.1.3OpennessandCompatibility

Intraditionalnetworkmodels,networksaretypicallyclosed,limitinginteroperability

betweenusersandothernetworksandservices.However,withtheaccelerationofnetwork

developmentanddigitaltransformation,thereisagrowingdemandforseamlessconnectionsand

integrationacrossnetworksandplatforms.User-centricopenandcompatiblenetworkswillapply

tovarioustypesofnetwork-sideaccesspoints,providinguserswithanopen,interoperable,and

flexiblenetworkenvironmenttomeetdiverseapplicationandservicerequirements,facilitatingthe

interconnectionofvariousapplicationsandservices.

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Inthe6Gera,differenttypesofnetwork-sideaccesspointsandwirelessinterfacetypes

(macrobasestations,satelliteplatforms,UAV,V2X,IAB,etc.)willcoexistinthesamenetwork.

User-centricradioaccessnetworkswillflexiblydetectandcon