第三節船長閱讀練習

1.Failingtoidentifypre-shipmentdamageandneglectingtomake

appropriatenotationsonbillsofladingwilldeprivethecarrierofhis

rights,limitationsandimmunitiesunderthecontractofcarriageand

mayprejudiceClubcover.Assertionsaresometimesmadebycargo

intereststhatrustonaparticularshipmentisnormalandwillnot

affectitsmarketvalue.Suchcommentsshouldbedisregarded.Inall

caseswhereasteelcargoisfoundtoberusty,itisimperativethat

remarksaremadeonthebillsoflading,irrespectiveoftheapparent

severityoftherust.Thebillsofladingshouldalsobeclausedto

reflectanyphysicalpre-shipmentdamagetothesteeland/or

wrappers(bends,tears,crimps,dents,deformation,

crushing).Selectingthemostappropriateclausestodescribe

pre-shipmentdamageisnotalwayseasy,andtheattendingsurveyor

shouldbeconsultedforadvice.

Wherepossible,theclausingshouldlisttheidentificationmarksof

thedamagedGOODs,failingwhichthenumberofcoilsorpackages

shouldbequantified.Percentageestimatesregardingthenumberof

damagedpiecesshouldnotbegiven.Ifitisnotpossibletoidentify

thedamagedGOODsspecifically,thewords"some"or"several”may

beacceptable.Anydifferencesfoundbetweentheshipandshore

tallyorshipandbillofladingfiguresmustbenotedonthebillof

ladingintheusualmanner.

l.TheclausingonB/Listoreflectandmakenotationof

thecargoesand/ortheirwrappers.

A.alldamagesincurredduringthecarriagebyseato

B.allpossibledamagestoand/orlossesof

C.physicalpre-shipmentdamagesto

D.pre-shipmentdamagesto

D

2.Thepre-shipmentrustsforwhichthereareassertionsmadeby

cargointereststhattheyarenormalandwouldnotaffectthecargo's

marketvalueshall.

A.beclausedontheBillofLading

B.notbeclausedontheBillofLading

C.bedisregarded

D.notbedisregarded

A

3.Thepropertopicofthisparagraphis.

A.ThePrinciplesforClausingonBillsofLading

B.LossesofandDamagestoSteelCargoes

C.LegalActionstoBeTakenWhenLossesofandDamagesto

CargoesIncurred

D.TheFunctionsofClausesMadeonBillsofLading

A

4.Thisparagraphismostlikelycompiledtoprotecttheinterestsof

A.thecarriers

B.theshippers

C.themerchants

D.thecargoowners

A

2.MVMagellanwasinboundfromRotterdamtoberth207at

SouthamptonContainerTerminal.At0530thepilotboardedtheship

attheNabTowerpilotstation.Thepilot'sandthemaster'spassage

planswereexchangedandtheship'spilotcardwasgiventothe

pilot.ThepassagecontinuedalongtheEastSolent,duringwhich

timetherewerevariousVHFradioconversationsbetweenvessels

andSouthamptonVTS,aboutrestrictedvisibility.TheVTSofficer

gavethepilotacountdownfrom5to2cablestotheGurnard

buoy.Thiswasgivensothatthepilotcouldjudgethetimingofthe

wheel-overmanoeuvreforthe141°turnintothenarrowThorn

Channel.Thewheel-overoccurredatabout0652andtheshipbegan

toturn.Atthistime,theWBrambleandNEGurnardbuoys,which

areattheentrancetoThornChannel,couldnotbeseenbecauseof

restrictedvisibility.Varioushelmandenginemovementsweremade

duringtheturn.However,whenWBrambleandNEGurnardbuoys

appeared,thepilotrealizedthattheshipwasinthewrongposition

fortheheadingshewason.Despitefurtherhelmandengineorders,

thevesselgroundedsoonafter,at0700.Itwasnotuntilabout0710

thattheescortharborlaunchinformedVTSofthegrounding.With

theassistanceoftwotugs,theshipwasrefloatednearthetimeof

highwater,andshesafelyberthedat1232.

l.MVMagellanappliedwheelattoturnintothenarrow

ThomChannel.

A.0530

B.0652

C.0700

D.0710

2.Theimportantnavigationalmarkormarksattheentrancetothe

ThornChannelis(are).

A.SouthamptonContainerTerminal

B.theEastSolent

C.theNabTower

D.theWBrambleandNEGurnardbuoys

D

3.Thesuggestionofacountdownfrom5to2cablestotheGurnard

buoyis.

A.forthepilottojudgeeasilywhenthewheelshouldbeusedto

maketheturnintothenarrowThomChannel

B.toremindthepilotthatthedeptharoundthereisnotsufficientfor

MVMagellan

C.toinformthepilotthatthevisibilityaroundthebuoyisreduced

further

D.torequestthepilotthatfurtherconsiderationshouldbegivento

thewheel-overmanoeuvreforthe141°turn

A

4.Itcanbeconcludedthatthecauseofthegroundingwasthat

A.theBrambleandNEGurnardbuoysweredisappeared

B.theVHFradioconversationsbetweenvesselsandSouthampton

VTS,aboutrestrictedvisibility,wereinsufficientandimproper

C.ThomChannelwastoonarrow

D.therewasanerrorofjudgmentbythepilotduringtheexecutionof

theturnintoThomChannel

D

3.Theendorsementofanonnegotiablebilldoesnotmakethebill

negotiableorgivethetransfereeanyadditionalright.Apersonto

whomanonnegotiablebillhasbeentransferredbydeliveryand

agreementtotransfertitletothebillortotheGOODswhichit

representsacquiresthetitletotheGOODsasagainstthe

transferor.Thetransfereemayalsonotifythecarrierofthetransfer

tohim,andthecarrieristhenobligateddirectlytothetransfereefor

anyobligationsthecarrierowedtothetransferorimmediatelybefore

thenotification.

Morespecifically,thecarrierisliabletotheownerofGOODs

transportedunderanonnegotiablebill,subjecttotherightof

stoppageintransit.BesideshavingtobetheowneroftheGOODs

coveredbythenonnegotiablebill,theclaimantinsuchacasemust

haveactuallyreliedinGOODfaithonstatementsmadebythe

carrieronthebill.Thecarrierisliableforhavingstatedonthebill

thathereceivedGOODswheninfacthehadnot,andforhaving

deliveredtheGOODsinaquantity,kind,weightorconditionother

thanasstatedonthebill.

Ingeneral,thecarriermustdelivertheGOODsondemandofthe

consigneenamedinanonnegotiablebilloflading.However,onthe

endorsementofanonnegotiablebill,theGOODsmaybedelivered

toapartyentitledtotheirpossession.Thecarrierisliabletowardthe

personhavingtitleto,orarighttopossessionof,theGOODsfor

deliveringthemtoapartynotentitledtotheirpossession.

l.Theendorsementofanonnegotiablebilltransfers.

A.thetitletotheGOODsfromthetransferortothetransferee

B.thetitletotheGOODsfromthetransfereetothetransferor

C.innowaythetitletotheGOODsfromthetransferortothe

transferee

D.theGOODstothepartyentitledtotheirpossession

C

2.Thetransfereeofanonnegotiablebillacquiresthetitletothe

GOODs.

A.bytakingdeliveryofthebillandenteringintoanagreementto

transfertitletothebillortotheGOODs

B.byhavingthecarrieractuallydeliveredtheGOODstohim

C.byhavingthetransferorendorsedthenonnegotiablebill

D.innoway

A

3.1ntheeventofanonnegotiablebillhasbeenactuallytransferred,

ifthecarrierstatedonthebillthathereceivedGOODswheninfact

hehadnot,isliable.

A.he

B.thetransferor

C.thetransferee

D.thepersonhavingtitleto,orarighttopossessionof,theGOODs

A

4.1ftheGOODswerethustransferred,andthecarrierdeliveredthe

GOODsinaquantity,kind,weightorconditionotherthanasstated

onthebill,.

A.heisliable

B.heisnotliable

C.itcannotbedeterminedwhetherheisliableornot

D.whetherheisliableornotistobedeterminedbythelawofthe

ship'sflag

A

4.1620070900LT

MASTERSIDUS

DEARCAPTAIN

QUOTE

SAILINGINSTRUCTIONSFORYRVESSEL

THISISR.S.PLATOU,OSLO

SUBJ：FIXTUREOFYRVSL

YOUAREKINDLYREQUESTEDTOPROCEEDTOSAN

NICOLAS(POSITIONS15°14',WO75°149TOLOADBLAST

FURNACEPELLETSFORKAOHSIUNG,TAIWAN.(POSITION

N22°37,,E1200159.STOWAGEFACTOR0.461CUBIC

METERSPERMETRICTONNEACCORDINGTOTIME

CHARTERERSHOUGANGHIERROPERUS.A.LAYCAN：16

OCT/26OCT

QUANTITY：FULLCARGO

TERMS：ACCORDINGTOTIMECHARTERNYPE：FIO

AGENTLOADPORT：CONSORCIOEMPRESARIALAGNAV

S.A.

TELEPHONE(0051)330-6605FAX：(0051)330-2664

AGENTDISCHPORT：TOBECOMMUNICATEDTOU

SHORTLY.

REPORTS：ETAMUSTBESENT“MINIHIERRO”LIMAANDTO

SANNICOLAS5DAYSINADVANCE,ANDCONFIRMED48

HRSAND24HRSBEFOREARRIVAL

SPECIALATTENTION：WHENCONTACTMADEWITHTHE

RADIOSTATIONOASATSANJUAN,APRE-STOWAGE

HATCHLISTWITHSEQUENCEOFLOADINGTOBESENTTO

LOADPORTNOTLESSTHAN48HRSINADVANCE.THE

RADIOSTATIONWILLALSOCOMMUNICATEBERTHING

INSTRUCTIONS.ONARRIVALSUPPLIERREQUIRESYOUR

PRE-STOWAGEPLANPRIORTOLOADING,TOTALCARGO,

ESTIMATEDHATCHTONNAGE,LOADINGSEQUENCE,FUEL

WATERANDSTORESONBOARD,DRAUGHT,STABILITY

ANDTRIMONFINISHINGLOADING.

DEBALLASTING：ALLOWEDATBERTHPROVIDEDCLEAN

SUBJECTTOAPPROVALBYPORTAUTHORITY.

SURVEYS：HOLDSTOBEINSPECTEDBEFORE

LOADING.CARGOOFFICERTOACCOMPANY

INSPECTOR.ONANDOFFHIRESURVEYSREQUIRED

ACCORDINGTOCHARTERPARTY.

FURTHERINSTRUCTIONSTOFOLLOWSHORTLY.

BESTREGARDSROTASJ/KNM

ENDQUOTE

l.ThenominatedagentfortheVesselattheloadingportis

A.MINIHIERRO

B.CONSORCIOEMPRESARIALAGNAVS.A.

C.SANNICOLAS

D.SANJUAN

B

2.TheBERTHINGINSTRUCTIONSwillbeobtainedfrom

A.theagentattheloadingport

B.dischargeportauthority

C.furtherinstructionstofollowshortly

D.theradiostationOASatSanJuan

D

3.Onandoffhiresurveysshouldbecarriedout

A.inaccordancewiththecharter-party

B.asperfurtherinstructions

C.bythecargoofficeronboard

D.48hourspriortoarrivalattheloadingport

A

4.Accordingtothisfixture,.

A.thevesselisnotliablefortheexpensesofloadinganddischarging

B.thecargowillbedischargedatSanNicolas

C.thefreightofthisvoyageislikelytobechargedasper

measurementtonnageofthecargo

D.thecancelingdateofthisfixtureis16Oct.

A

5.APassengerShipSafetyCertificateshallbeissuedforaperiod

notexceeding12months.ACargoShipSafetyConstruction

Certificate,CargoShipSafetyEquipmentCertificateandCargoShip

SafetyRadioCertificateshallbeissuedforaperiodspecifiedbythe

Administrationwhichshallnotexceedfiveyears.

AnExemptionCertificateshallnotbevalidforlongerthanthe

periodofthecertificatetowhichitrefers.(i)Whentherenewal

surveyiscompletedwithinthreemonthsbeforetheexpirydateof

theexistingcertificate,thenewcertificateshallbevalidfromthe

dateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveyto：(1)forapassenger

ship,adatenotexceeding12monthsfromthedateofexpiryofthe

existingcertificate；(2)foracargoship,adatenotexceedingfive

yearsfromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate；(ii)When

therenewalsurveyiscompletedaftertheexpirydateoftheexisting

certificate,thenewcertificateshallbevalidfromthedateof

completionoftherenewalsurveyto：(1)forapassengership,adate

notexceeding12monthsfromthedateofexpiryoftheexisting

certificate；(2)foracargoship,adatenotexceedingfiveyearsfrom

thedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate；(iii)whentherenewal

surveyiscompletedmorethanthreemonthsbeforetheexpirydate

oftheexistingcertificate,thenewcertificateshallbevalidfromthe

dateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveyto：(1)forapassenger

ship,adatenotexceeding12monthsfromthedateofcompletionof

therenewalsurvey；(2)foracargoship,adatenotexceedingfive

yearsfromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurvey.

l.ThevalidperiodofanExemptionCertificateforCargoShip

SafetyEquipmentCertificateshallbe.

A.longerthanfiveyears

B.shorterthanfiveyears

C.longerthan12months

D.shorterthan12months

2.Whentherenewalsurveyiscompletedwithinonemonthbefore

theexpirydateoftheexistingCargoShipSafetyConstruction

Certificate,thenewcertificateshallbevalid.

A.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenot

exceeding12monthsfromthedateofexpiryoftheexisting

certificate

B.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenot

exceedingfiveyearsfromthedateofexpiryoftheexisting

certificate

C.fromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificatetoadatenot

exceeding

12monthsfromthedate

D.fromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificatetoadatenot

exceedingfiveyearsfromthedate

B

3.Whentherenewalsurveyiscompletedonadatewhichis99days

beforetheexpirydateoftheexistingCargoShipSafetyRadio

Certificate,thenewcertificateshallbevalid.

A.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenot

exceeding12monthsfromthedateofexpiryoftheexisting

certificate

B.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenot

exceedingfiveyearsfromthedateofexpiryoftheexisting

certificate

C.fromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificatetoadatenot

exceeding

12monthsfromthedate

D.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenot

exceedingfiveyearsfromthatdate

D

4.Itcanbeconcludedthattheactualperiodofvalidityofanew

PassengerShipSafetyCertificateislessthan12monthsifthe

renewalsurveyiscompleted.

A.4monthsbeforeitsexpirydate

B.3monthsbeforeitsexpirydate

C.2monthsbeforeitsexpirydate

D.afteritsexpirydate

D

6.AnaircraftliftonboardRFAArguswasloadedbeyonditssafe

workingloadof18.4tonnes.Therewerenoinjuriestoany

personnel,ormaterialdamagetotheshiporitsequipment.

Duringaplannedstayinport,500compressedCO2cylinderswere

requiredtobelanded.Thesewerenormallystowedonalowerdeck

andneededtobetransferredtotheweatherdeckbeforebeingtaken

ashore.Beforethevessefsarrivalinport,theplannedoperationwas

discussedbetweenvariousofficersandseniorratings,oneofwhom

wastosupervisefinaldischargeofthecylindersfromtheship.

Onceinport,aseniorratinggaveinstructionstothreejuniorsto

transferanumberofcylinderstotheweatherdeck.Hethenleftthem

alonetoloadthecylindersontotheplatformofanaircraftlift.The

cylindersweighed19.95tonnes,whichwasgreaterthantheyhad

beeninstructedtoload.Inadditiontothisexcessweighttheyadded

aforklifttruckweighing5.5tonnes.Theliftwasthenraised.

Whenitreachedtheweatherdeck,theliftwasunabletostowatthe

correctlevel.Wheninvestigateditwasdiscoveredthattheloadof

bothCO2bottlesandtheforklifttruckwasgreaterthanitssafe

workingload(SWL)andthishadpreventedthelockingcleatsatthe

flightdeck(weatherdeck)engaging.Theliftwastakenoutofservice

fortestingandinspection.

l.Thesafeworkingloadoftheaircraftliftistonnes.

A.18.4

B.19.95

C.5.5

D.500

A

2.Theaircraftliftwasoverloadedbyaweightwhichis

morethanitsSWL

A.1.55

B.3.95

C.5.5

D.7.05

D

3.1twasthethathadpreventedthelockingcleatsatthe

flightdeck(weatherdeck)engaging.

A.forklift

B.CO2bottles

C.overloadedweight

D.thethreejuniors

C

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.theliftshouldberaisedslowlytoavoidtheaccident

B.theaircraftliftonboardRFAArgusshouldbedrivenbysuper

power

C.theseniorratingshouldgiveinstructionsinmoredetailtothe

threejuniorstotransferanumberofcylinderstotheweatherdeck

D.iftheunloadingoperationwassupervisedbyanofficerwhohas

sufficientexperienceoftheloads,liftingequipmentandtheoverall

operation,theaccidentwouldhadbeenavoided

D

7.Coastalconditions

Theareadescribedinthevolumepresentsthemarinerwitha

generallyadversecombinationofnavigationalfactorswhichare

outlinebelow.

LocalTopography.TheDoverStraitisshallowandonlyis18miles

wideatitsnarrowestpoint.Passagethroughthestraitisfurther

constrictedbyaseriesofnarrowbanks,runningNE-SW.Theseabed

isalsolitteredwithwrecks.

NaturalConditions.Therearestrongtidalstreamsinthestrait.Sea

levelmaydifferfromthatpredictedandinparticularmaybelower

thanexpectedduetonegativetidalsurges.Theareaisalsosubjectto

galesandpoorvisibility.

RiskofCollision.Thereisahighriskofcollisioncausedbythe

densityofvesseltrafficonpassagethroughthestrait,including

deep-draughtvessels,andcrossingtraffic,includingferriesandhigh

speedcraft.

Minedangerarea

TherearetwoareasofftheNcoastofFrance,whichremain

dangerousbecauseofminesliedinthewarof1939-1945.Duetothe

lapseoftimetherisktosurfacenavigationisnowconsideredtobe

nomoredangerousthanthattheordinaryrisksofnavigationbuta

veryrealriskstillexistswithregardtoanchoring,fishingorany

formsubmarineorseabedactivity.

l.ThecrossingtrafficintheDoverStraitisprobablyrunning

A.NE-SW

B.SE-NW

C.N-S

D.E-W

B

2.Accordingtothepassage,theriskofcollisionintheDoverStraitis

causedby.

A.galesandpoorvisibility

B.aseriesofnarrowbanks

C.thedensityofvesseltrafficonpassagethroughthestraitand

crossingtraffic

D.agenerallyadversecombinationofnavigationalfactors

C

3.Itisinferredthat.

A.althoughthetidalstreamsinDoverStraitisstrong,therewerefew

shipssunkinit

B.mostofthewrecksinDoverStraitweredeep-draughtvessels,

ferriesandhighspeedcraft

C.thewrecksarenotdangerstosurfacenavigation

D.thereweremanyshipssunkinDoverStrait

D

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.mineisnotadangertosurfacenavigationinDoverStrait

B.thewidthofDoverStraitisnotsonarrow

C.thenaturalconditionsinDoverStraitaretooserous

D.collisionwithdeep-draughtvesselsorferriesorhighspeedcraft

inDoverStraitishardlyavoidable

A

8.ThecontractofcarriageofGOODsbyseaisusuallyconcludedas

betweentheshipperandthecarrier,eitherdirectlyorthroughtheir

respectiveagents.Consequently,byvirtueofthehistoricprincipleof

privityofcontract,onlytheshipperandthecarrierhavetherightto

takeactionagainstoneanotherunderthecontractofcarriage.The

onlyclearexceptiontotherulewaswherethepartyhavingtheright

tosueassignedthatrightunderaseparateagreementtoanother

party.Ontheotherhand,whenGOODsaresold(astheytypically

are)priortoshipment,thetermsofsalegenerallyresult

intheriskintheGOODspassingfromtheseller(theshipper)tothe

buyer(theconsigneeorendorsee,inthecaseofabilloflading,or

thepartyentitledtotakedeliveryunderawaybill)whentheGOODs

crosstheship'srailintheportofloading.Therefore,althoughthe

lawrecognizesthattheshipperalonehastherighttosuethecarrier

incontractforsubsequentcargolossordamageoccurringwhilethe

carrierhadchargeoftheshipment,theshipperisnotusuallythe

partywhoactuallysuffersthatloss.Frequently,also,dependingon

thetermsofsale,theshipperwillnolongerbetheownerofthe

GOODsatthetimewhenthelossordamageoccurs,andsowillbe

unabletosuethecarrierintort.

l.ThecontractofcarriageofGOODsbyseaisusuallyconcludedas

between.

A.thesellerandthebuyer

B.theshipperandtheconsigneeorendorsee

C.thecarrierandtheconsigneeorendorsee

D.theshipperandthecarrier

D

2.WhenGOODsaresoldpriortoshipmenttheriskintheGOODs

passes.

A.fromtheshippertothecarrier

B.fromthesellertothebuyer

C.fromthecarriertotheshipper

D.fromthebuyertotheseller

B

3.1tisconcludedthatonlytheshipperandthecarrierhave

therighttotakeactionagainstoneanotherunderthecontractof

carriage.

A.bymaritimelaws

B.byamainstayofthecommonlawinparticular

C.byvirtueofthehistoricprincipleofprivityofcontract

D.byshippingpractice

C

4.WhenGOODsaresoldpriortoshipmenttheshipper.

A.isnotusuallythepartywhoactuallysuffersthesubsequentloss

B.isusuallythepartywhoactuallysuffersthesubsequentloss

C.willstillbetheowneroftheGOODsatthetimewhenthelossor

damageoccurs

D.willberesponsibleforthelossofordamagetothecargohe

shipped

A

9.The4,426gtSwedishvesselSkagernsailedforhernextport,

Strood,withadraughtof5.95m.Themastersoonrealized,

however,thathewouldnotmakethetideforberthingifhe

proceededtotheMedwayasplanned,topickupthepilotatthe

NorthEastSpit.Hethereforedecidedtochangethepassageplanby

shorteningthedistanceandembarkinghispilotattheSunklight

vessel.Theofficeronwatch,2/0,wastoldtomakethenecessary

adjustmentsandlayoffthenewcourses.

The2/0madetheoriginalplanbasedonwaypointscalculatedand

enteredbyanotherofficer.Thesehadbeenmarkedonthevarious

chartsandhadalreadybeenenteredintotheGPSnavigator.When

heamendedthepassageplanheusedtheGPStocalculateanew

coursefromawaypointoffLowestoftdirecttotheSunkpilot

station.Indoingso,hedidn'trealizehehadmissedouta

pre-programmedwaypointintheGPSforapositiontotheeastof

theEastShipwashbuoy.Hedidn，tnoticethathiscourseline

intersectedthe5mdepthcontourtothewestoftheEastShipwash

buoy.Themasterdidnotchecktheamendedpassageplanand

Skagerncontinuedwithherpassage.2/Ocameonwatchagainfour

hoursbeforethevesselwasduetoarriveatthepilotstation.One

hourbeforearrivalattheSunk2/Opreparedtoembarkthepilot.

HesawtheNorthShipwashbuoyandpassedaboutthreecablesto

theeastofit.Shortlyafterwardshesawtwomorebuoysaheadof

him,theEastShipwashonhisportbowandtheNorth-West

Shipwashonhisstarboard.Itdidnotoccurtohimthatanything

mightbewrong.Shortlyafterwards,Skagernranagroundatafull

speedof14knots.HehadfoundtheShipwashBank.

AlthoughtwotugsweredispatchedfromHarwichtostandby,the

masterwasabletode-ballasthisvesselandrefloathersuccessfully

withtheaidofthemainengine.Therewasnopollutionandthere

appearedtobenodamage.

l.ToembarkthepilotearlierSkagern.

A.speededup

B.shortenedthedistancebyadjustingtheplannedpassage

C.madethetide

D.engagedtradeeverytwoweeks

B

2.Thegroundingwascausedbythereasonof.

A.thesecondofficermissedawaypointwhensteamingtothepilot

station

B.thedeptharoundthepilotstationis5.95mwhichisnotsufficient

toallowthevesseltokeepalwaysafloat

C.theGPShadsomethingwrongwhencalculatingthecourse

D.thevesseldidnotmakethetideduetoherlatearrival

A

3.Thevesselwasrefloated.

A.withtheaidofrevertinghermainengineandpressingupslack

ballasttanks

B.herselfbypumpingoutsomeofherballastandtheaidofhermain

engine

C.withtheaidofhermainengineandthetwotugsfromHarwich

D.withtheaidoftideandtugs

4.AlthoughtwotugsweredispatchedfromHarwichtostandby,the

masterwasabletode-ballasthisvesselandrefloathersuccessfully

withtheaidofthemainengine.Therewasnopollutionandthere

appearedtobenodamage.

Thelessenofthisaccidentisthat.

A.withoutproperplanningoftheballastingandde-ballasting

programmethevesselislikelytobeinvolvedinsuchaccidentas

grounding

B.avesselshouldbewellpreparedforgroundingwhenproceeding

towardpilotstation

C.whengrounded,avesselshouldtrytocontactthenearestcoast

stationtoapplyfortheaidoftugs

D.inthisageoftheGPSandpush-buttonnavigation,itisalltoo

easytobelulledintoafalsesenseofsecurityandassumethe

positionindicatediscorrect

D

10.TheCompanyshouldestablishasafetyandenvironmental

protectionpolicywhichdescribeshowtheobjectiveswillbe

achieved.TheCompanyshouldensurethatthepolicyis

implementedandmaintainedatalllevelsoftheorganizationboth

shipbasedaswellasshorebased.

Iftheentitywhoisresponsiblefortheoperationoftheshipisother

thantheowner,theownermustreportthefullnameanddetailsof

suchentitytotheAdministration.TheCompanyshoulddefineand

documenttheresponsibility,authorityandinterrelationofall

personnelwhomanage,performandverifyworkrelatingtoand

affectingsafetyandpollutionprevention.TheCompanyis

responsibleforensuringthatadequateresourcesandshorebased

supportareprovidedtoenablethedesignatedpersonorpersonsto

carryouttheirfunctions.

Toensurethesafeoperationofeachshipandtoprovidealink

betweenthecompanyandthoseonboard,everycompany,as

appropriate,shoulddesignateapersonorpersonsashorehaving

directaccesstothehighestlevelofmanagement.Theresponsibility

andauthorityofthedesignatedpersonorpersonsshouldinclude

monitoringthesafetyandpollutionpreventionaspectsofthe

operationofeachshipandtoensurethatadequateresourcesand

shorebasedsupportareapplied,asrequired.

TheCompanyshouldclearlydefineanddocumentthemaster，s

responsibilitywithregardto：implementingthesafetyand

environmentalprotectionpolicyoftheCompany；motivatingthe

crewintheobservationofthatpolicy；issuingappropriateordersand

instructionsinaclearandsimplemanner；verifyingthatspecified

requirementsareobserved；andreviewingtheSMSandreportingits

deficienciestotheshorebasedmanagement.

TheCompanyshouldensurethattheSMSoperatingonboardthe

shipcontainsaclearstatementemphasizingtheMaster，s

authority.TheCompanyshouldestablishintheSMSthatthemaster

hastheoverridingauthorityandtheresponsibilitytomakedecisions

withrespecttosafetyandpollutionpreventionandtorequestthe

Company'sassistanceasmaybenecessary.

l.TheCompanyshouldensurethatthepolicyisimplementedand

maintainedatalllevelsoftheorganizationbothshipbasedaswellas

shorebased.TheORGANIZATIONrefersto.

A.IMO

B.SMS

C.theAdministration

D.theconstructionoftheCompany

D

2.Theoverridingauthorityandtheresponsibilitytomakedecisions

withrespecttosafetyandpollutionpreventionisonthepartof

A.thehighestlevelofmanagementoftheCompany

B.DP

C.themasteroftheship

D.theownerortheentitywhoisresponsiblefortheoperationofthe

ship

C

3.are/isnotthemaster'sresponsibilitydefinedand

documentedbytheCompany.

A.reviewingtheSMSandreportingitsdeficienciestotheshore

basedmanage