NonverbalCommunication1/40NonverbalCommunication“Whydoesshekeepraisinghervoice?Icanhearherclearly.”“Hekeepsstaringatme.What’swrong?”“EverytimeImeethim,hewantstoshakemyhand.Why?NonverbalCommunication2/40BasicsContentCulturalImpactNonverbalCommunication3/40TheBasicsofNonverbalCommunicationNonverbalCommunication1.Definition2.Importance3.Functions4.Categories4/40DefinitionNonverbalCommunicationinvolvesallstimuliinacommunicationsettingthatisgeneratedbybothsourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironmentandthatpotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver.(SamovarandPorter,)Simply,NonverbalCommunicationreferstocommunicationwithouttheuseofwords.NonverbalCommunication5/40ImportanceCommunicationbetweentwoindividuals:lessthan30%isverbalover70%isnonverbalTolearnaboutpeople’saffectiveoremotionalstates.Responsibleforfirstimpressions.“Fallinloveinfirstsight.”Theknowledgeofinterculturalnonverbalcommunicationhelpsaninternationalbusiness.NonverbalCommunication6/40FunctionReplacingRegulatingConveyingModifyingRepeatingContradictingComplementingNonverbalCommunication7/40CategoriesWhenthesamenonverbalcuecarrieswithitverydifferentmeaningindifferentculturesWhendifferentnonverbalcuescarrythesamemeaningindifferentculturesNonverbalCommunication8/40CulturalImpactonnonverbalcommunication

Classifications1)Beproducedbythebody:appearance,movement,facialexpressions,eyecontract,touch,smell,paralanguage,silence2)Theindividualscombineswiththesettingspace,timeNonverbalCommunication9/40BodyMovementPostureThewaypeopleholdtheirbodieswhentheysit,standorwalkConstitutesveryeffectivesignsofaperson’sinnerstateandbehavioralexpectationsofothers.Communicatesinformationaboutpeople’ssocialstatus,religiouspractices,feelingsofsubmissiveness,anddesirestomaintainsocialdistance.CulturalImpact10/40PostureChina:standuptoshowrespectPolynesian:sitdowntoshowrespect

Squat:normalpositionforrelaxinginChina,MexicoNorthAmerican:improper,uncivilizedWalkCaribbean:moveasiftheyhadseparatepartsNorthAmerican,French,Spaniards:walkasthoughtheirbodiesareoneBodyMovement11/40PostureSitMannersArab:sitonthefloorJapan:floor,withlegstuckedunderUnitedStates:crosstheirlegswhileseatedWomencrossattheankleMencrosswithankleontheknee

MiddleEast:sitwithlegscrossedisoffensive

Thailand:neverpointlegsinthedirectionofanotherpersonBodyMovement12/40PostureSubmissivenessJapan:bowingritual1)Thepersonwhooccupiesthelowerstationbeginsthebow,andhisorherbowmustbedeeperthantheotherperson’s.Thesuperiordetermineswhenthebowingistobeend.Whentheyareofequalrank,theybeginthebowinthesamemannerandendatthesametime.2)Bowfromthehipwithastraightback,andtheneckremainsstraight.3)Menkeeptheirarmsatthesidewiththehandsextendedatthesideoftheupperlegs.Womenputhandsonthefrontofthethighs.

BodyMovement13/40PostureSubmissivenessGerman:abowtoandrecognitionofauthority1)Thehipsremainstraight.2)Thebowcomesoutofaloweringofthehead.

BodyMovement14/40GestureEmblemsorSymbolsVforvictory.IllustratorsPoliceofficer’shandhelduptostoptraffic.RegulatorsGlancingatyourwatchtosignalthatyouareinahurry.AffectdisplaysOne’sfaceturnsredwithembarrassment.BodyMovement15/40GestureHandgesture1.Thethumbs-upsignBritain:good,great;hitch-hiking,askingforfreerideChina,Russia,U.S:approvalPersian:highlyoffensive2.ThumbdownU.S,Canada:disapprovalGreece:rude,usedbymotoriststosignaltheirangeroversomeone’scrazydriving.

BodyMovement16/40GestureHandgesture3.TheVsignU.Sandmanycountries:victoryChina,Bulgaria:signalthenumber“two”England,SouthAfrica:acrudeconnotation(i.e.,theVdonewithpalmfacingyourselfandthrustupward)BodyMovement17/40GestureHandgesture4.ThesinglefingerbeckonU.S,Britain:fingersupturnedandpalmfacethebody,summonsomeone(e.g.awaiter)tocomehereChina:differentgesture,handextendedtowardtheperson,palmopenandfacingdownwithallfingerscrookedYugoslavia,Malaysia:onlyusedforbeckoninganimalsBodyMovement18/40GestureHandgesture5.TheverticalhornsgestureItaly:aninsultingconnotationBrazil,Venezuela:asignforgoodluckU.S.:serveasasataniccultrecognitionsignsignifyingthedevil’shornsUniversityofTexasLonghornfootballteam:apositiveconnotationBodyMovement19/40GestureHandgesture6.ThesixsignChina:signalthenumbersixAustralia:timetodrinkup7.Goodlucksign

Anglo-American:putmiddlefingerontopofforefingerGerman:maketwofistswiththumbsinsideandpoundingthemonanimaginarytablePortugal:placethethumbbetweentheindexandthethirdfingerBodyMovement20/40GestureHeadmovementConveysyesornodifferently.Bulgaria:Nod--no,shake--yesGreeks:jerkheadsbackwitheyesclosedandeyebrowslifted---noMalaya:thrustheadsforward---yes,casteyesdown---noAinuofJapan:notuseheads,buthandstoshowyesornoLowerone’shead:Asiancultures---acceptone’splaceinthehierarchyWesternculture---signifydefeatoruncertaintyWesterncultures:tilttheheadupward---arrogant“Hisnosewasintheair.”BodyMovement21/40GestureArmmovementBigarmmovement:intimidatelistener,appearmorepowerfulArab:often,almosteveryspokenwordWavearmsandtouchlistenersoccasionallyUnitedStates:Businessman:poundfistonthetableunderlinehisstatementswithstaccato-likedrummingBusinesswomen:farfewermovementsthanmenJapan:littlemovementBigmovements---invadeother’sprivatespacethreatentheharmonyofthegroupBodyMovement22/40FacialexpressionsSurprised:openeyeswideandopenmouthsLikesomeone:eyesbeam,smileAngry:frownandnarroweyesSmilingandlaughingIndicate---joy,amusement,embarrassmentUnitedStates:everyonesmilesateveryone---open,friendlyGerman:“Lifeisserveandthereisverylittletosmileabout.”Japan:maskanemotion,avoidansweringquestions,hideembarrassmentWomen--putahandinfrontofmouth,Korean:inappropriateforadultstosmile---shallowBodyMovement23/40FacialexpressionsShowingangerVary:intensity,typeofexpressionOlder,men,andauthoritypeopleshowangermorereadilythanyounger,womenandsubordinates.Frowning:anger,doubt,questionofauthority,suspicionShoutingandgesturing:Germans,Canadians,Arabs,LatinsBodyMovement24/40Eyecontact“Theeyeisthewindowofthesoul.”TolookornotWhentolookHowlongtolookWhoandwhonottolookCulturalImpact25/40EyecontactNorthAmericanandnorthernEuropeandirecteyecontact,lookthemintheeyebutnotstareorprolongedeyecontactAfricanAmericalookdownattheground---showrespectChineselowereyesasasignofdeferencesustainedanddirecteye---badmanners,impoliteArabmaintainintenseeyecontactevenwhenwalktogethermoveverycloser,touchthelistenerEyecontact26/40Eyecontact

Eyecontact27/40EyecontactVerydirecteyecontactCanbemisinterpretedashostility,aggressiveness,intrusiveness---Intendedmeaningisappearinginterested.MinimaleyecontactCanbemisinterpretedaslackofinterestorunderstanding,dishonesty,fear,shyness---Intendedmeaningisshowingrespect.ModerateeyecontactEyecontact28/40TouchCulturalImpact29/40TouchHand-shakingAfirmhandshakeplusdirecteyecontactisthestandardformofgreetinginEnglishspeakingcountries.America:stepforwardtoshakehands,thenloosengripsquicklyandbacktokeepacertaindistancefromeachother.China:holdhandsatfirst,comeclosertoeachother,sometimeswithhandsstillunloosenedevenforalongtimeTouch30/40TouchHand-shakingTouch31/40TouchHuggingandkissingGerman:seldomembraceThailand:offensivetotouchthehead---sacredChina:seldomhugorkiss---embarrassedMiddleEast:avoidtouchingwiththelefthand---uncleanandisreservedforpersonalhygieneTouch32/40Smell–bodyodorsMostWest:negativelyArabs:Theydon’tfeelcomfortableunlesstheycansmelleachother.WhenArabstalktheyenvelopeachotherinbreath.CulturalImpact33/40ParalanguageVocalqualifiersVolume,pitch,rhythm,tempo,resonance,toneofthespokenwordsandstress“Iwillgiveyouaraise.”---Implications:“Ihavethepowertodetermineyoursalary.”“Youhaven’tearnedit.”“Butnobodyelseinthisdepartmentisgettingone.“Butjustone.”“Youdeserveit.”……CulturalImpact34/40VocalizationSilence---“Silenceisgold.”Agreementordisagreement,lackofinterest,injuredfeelings,orcontempt“Willyoumarryme?”England:silence---uncertaintyJapan:silence---acceptanceIgbo:Denial---continuetostandthereAcceptance---runawayParalanguage35/40Spacelanguage---ProcemicsUsephysicalspacetoconveymessagesPersonalspace

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