Unit5ADelicateWorld【版本：外研冊別：選擇性必修二】UnderstandingideasArewehumansaloneonthisbeautifulplanet?Ofcoursenot!Ifonespeciesgoextinct,willthataffectus?Absolutely!Weandotherlivingthings,suchasplants,animals,insectsarelivingonthisplanettogether!Wedependoneachothertolive.That’showecosystemworks!Let’swatchavideoandlearnmoreaboutecosystemandhowwelivingthingsconnecttogether.WatchandThinkArehumanspartofEarth’secosystems?Why?Inwhatwayscanhumansaffectecosystems?1.ArehumanspartofEarth’secosystems?Why?ChecktheanswersYes.HumansarepartofEarth’secosystems.Becauseallthelivingthingsliveinecosystemsandpeoplearelivingthings.2.Inwhatwayscanhumansaffectecosystems?Humanscanaffectecosystemsinpositiveandnegativeways.Forexample,tohaveapositiveinfluenceonecosystems,peoplecanplanttrees,feedandprotectanimals,recyclethings,etc.However,deforestation,airandwaterpollutionandexcessivewasteaffectecosystemsinanegativeway.Lookatthesatelliteimages(P49)andanswerthequestions.1.Whatishappeningtotheareaaccordingtothesatelliteimages?AralSeaisbecomingsmallerandsmaller/shrinking.Lookatthesatelliteimages(P49)andanswerthequestions.2.Whatdoyouthinkalatersatelliteimagewouldshow?3.Whatdoyouthinkcausedthesechanges?Asmallerone.Maybeitwouldnotbeabletoshowanything.Climatechange.Environmentalpollution.People’sactivities…ImagineTherearesomebirdsandpenguinsonanislandlikethisone.Whatkindofchangeswouldtakeplaceifcats,ratsandrabbitswereintroducedtoanenvironmentlikethis?Theywouldhuntthebirdsandeatthenativevegetation,thusupsettingthelocalecologicalbalance.MacquarieIslandhasexperiencedsuchthingswejusttalkedabout.Let’sturntopage50andseewhatreallyhappenedtoitandhowthingsaregoingonthisislandnow.IIFastreadingReadforthemainideaofeachparagraphandthepassagestructure.FindoutwhathappenedtoMacquarieIsland.Thinkabouttheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage.ReadandThinkTask1:FindoutwhathappenedtoMacquarie

IslandNon-nativespeciesintroducedtoMacquarieIslandattackednativebirds,andledtoasubstantialreductionofbirdpopulationandeventheextinctionofparakeets鸚鵡.Inaddition,non-nativespeciesateanddevastated破壞thenativevegetation.Allofthisplayedapartinupsetting擾亂thenaturalharmonyoftheisland.Butnowtheisland’secologyisontheroadtorecoverywithhumanefforts.Para.1Para.3Para.4Para.6Task2:Readforthemainideaofeachparagraphand

thepassagestructure.a.Thebigproblembroughtbyhumans.b.ThelocationandnaturalcharacteristicsofMacquarieIsland.c.Rabbitsmultipliedandcausedsoilerosionandincreasing.d.Peopletriedtotackletheproblemandfailed.e.Theauthoristryingtotackletheproblem.f.ThesituationonMacquarieIslandwasgettingworse.Para.2Para.5PartⅠAnintroductiontotheisland.PartⅡThetragicstoryofthenativespecies.PartⅢTheprogrammetorecovertheecology.Task3:Choosetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageandgiveyourreasons.1.ToanalysehowMacquarieIslandwassavedfromdestruction.2.ToinformreadersofthechaoscausedonMacquarieIslandbyhumans.3.ToentertainreaderswithafunnystoryaboutwhathappenedonMacquarieIsland.4.Tosuggestwaysinwhichanecosystemcanbeprotected.Para2:...It’satragicstorythatbeganin1810whenhumansarrivedonthe

island...Para6:So,IamhereonMacquarieIslandtoparticipateintheprogrammeto

trackthisproblem.Thefirststep...Therearemanyotherexamples…IIICarefulreadingIamstandingonMacquarieIsland,intheSouth-westPacificOcean,halfwaybetweenAustraliaandAntarctica.Strongwindsandstormyseashavehelpedsculptitslong,thinshape.Thegreengrassandbarerockofitslandscapecontrastdramatically,givingitawildandnaturalbeauty.NovisitorwouldthinkitsurprisingthattheislandisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants,includingroyalpenguins,kingpenguins,andelephantseals,existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.HowwouldyoudescribethecurrentMacquarieIsland?ReadandAnswerPara.1WorldHeritageSite世界遺產地beinharmonywith與……和諧共處/協調一致

Buttheisland’smorerecenthistorytellsadifferentstory.It’satragicstorythatbeganin1810whenhumansarrivedontheisland.Intheirshipstheyunknowinglybroughtratsandmice.Thesesmallanimalsquicklytookovertheisland,eatingthebirds’eggsandattackingbabybirds.Catswerebroughttotheislandtocontroltheratsandmice.Unfortunately,thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds,too.WhatcausedthetragedyontheIsland?ReadandAnswerPara.2Thearrivalofthehumanswhobroughtratsandmice.subsequentlyadv

subsequent(adj隨后的)+-ly(副詞后綴)→后來；隨后subsequentadj

sub-(closely接近地)+sequ(tofollow跟隨)+-ent(形容詞后綴)→緊跟其后的→隨后的appetiten[C]ap-(to卻)+petit(toseek追求)+-e→對食物的追求→食欲/胃口developanappetitefor對……產生興趣

Meanwhile,rabbitswereintroducedtotheislandasasourceoffoodforhumans.Looseontheisland,theydidwhatrabbitsdobest一theymultipliedrapidlyandbeganeatingthenativevegetationanddiggingholes,whichcausedsoilerosion.Theexplodingrabbitpopulationprovidedplentifulfoodforthecats,meaningthatthenumberofcatsalsoincreased.Thisinturnledtomorecatshuntingthebirds.Theendresultwasthatparakeets,oncelargeinnumberandnativetotheisland,diedoutin1891.What’stheprimaryreasonwhyparakeetsdiedout?ReadandAnswerPara.3Introducerabbits.Rabbitsmultiplied.Catsaterabbits.MorecatsCatshuntedbirds.Parakeetsdiedout.beintroducedto被引入multiplyvt&vimulti-(many多)+ply-(tofold折疊)→折疊多次→(使)大量增加;(使)繁殖→乘加減乘除:add,subtract,multiply,divide

EvenafterMacquarieIslandbecameanofficialnaturereserveinthe1970s,therabbitsremainedoutofcontrol.Expertsfeltitnecessarytocomeupwithaplantoremovealltherabbitsfromtheisland.Withthisgoalinmind,aviruswasreleasedontotheisland.Butalthoughtheviruscausedtherabbitpopulationtodecreasefrom130,000toaround10,000,italsomeantlessfoodforthecats.Thecatsinconsequenceturnedtheirattention-andtheirstomachs-backtothenativebirds,killingupto60,000eachyear.Inthe1980s,trapsanddogswereusedtocatchthecats.ThelastMacquarieIslandcatwascaughtin2000.Whatmeasuresweretakentotackletherabbitprobleminthe1970s?ReadandAnswerPara.4Releasingavirus.Introducetrapsanddogs.①②

Butasthesayinggoes,“Whilethecat’saway,themicewillplay.”Withthedepartureofthecatsfromtheisland,themouseandratpopulationstartedtoincrease.Andrememberthose10,000orsorabbits?Itturnedoutthattheydevelopedanimmunitytothevirus,andtheirnumbersexplodedonceagain.Thenin2006,therabbits’diggingcausedsomelandtocollapse,andkilledasubstantialnumberofpenguins.Thisincidentmadeitclearthattherat,mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?ReadandAnswerPara.5Itisabouttheongoingviciouscircle(惡性循環):Themouseandratpopulationstartedtoincrease.Thenumberofrabbitexploded,causingsomelandtocollapse,andpenguinskilled.asthesayinggoes正如俗語/老話所說anumberof大量的onceandforall徹底地；一勞永逸地explodevex-(out出去)+plod(鼓掌、歡呼)+-e(動詞后綴)詞源：古希臘人和古羅馬人在觀看戲劇時，通過掌聲和喝彩聲表達喜愛和贊賞之情，而不喜歡演員的表演時，他們也會通過噓聲、倒彩聲以及其他各種噪聲來表達反感，直到將演員轟下臺為止。explode的本義就是“通過噪聲把演員轟下臺”。到了18世紀后期，explode詞義慢慢變為“使其突然而又大聲地爆發”，后來才完全轉變為“突然而又大聲地爆發、爆炸”。So,IamhereonMacquarieIslandtoparticipateintheprogrammetotacklethisveryproblem.Thefirststepinvolvedpoisonbeingdroppedfromhelicopters.Thenextstepistoremovethelastremaininginvadingspecies,andthat’swhereIcomein-withmydogs.Theyhavebeentrainedtofindeverylastone,withoutharmingthenativeanimals.Thisinterventionisalong,much-delayedendingtoasadstory,butwehumansoweittotheislandtogiveitahappyending.Whatdidtheauthordototackletheproblem?ReadandAnswerPara.6Droppoisonandremovetheinvadingspecies.interventionn

inter-(between在中間)+ven(tocome來)+-tion(名詞后綴)→來到中間→干預;介入oweittosbtodosth(認為)應該為某人做某事ⅣPost-readingWhatisyourunderstandingof“…wehumansoweittotheislandtogiveitahappyending”?Doyouthinkitwasrighttoeradicate消除the“pests”fromMacquarieIsland?Giveyourreasons.Howcouldsimilarsituationsbeavoidedinthefuture?Whatlanguagecanyouusetotalkaboutcauseandeffect?Howwouldyouapplyittoyourreadingandwriting?ThinkShare1.Whatisyourunderstandingof“…wehumansoweittotheislandtogiveitahappyending”?ThinkShareSinceitiswehumansthataretoblamefortheecologicalproblemwiththeisland,wemustshouldertheresponsibilitytomakeeffortstorecovertheecologyofit.2.Doyouthinkitwasrighttoeradicatethe“pests”fromMacquarieIsland?Giveyourreasons.ThinkShareNo,Idon’tthinkitwasagoodideasforustoeradicatethe“pests”fromMacquarieIsland.Because…3.Howcouldsimilarsituationsbeavoidedinthefuture?ThinkShareToavoidsimilarsituationsinthefuture,weshouldprotectthenaturalecosystemandbeawareofthepotentialimpactthathumanactivitiescanhaveonecosystems.LanguagepointsV①陷阱；夾子；羅網setatrapformice設夾子捉老鼠②（陷害人的）圈套；詭計fallintoatrap落入圈套③牢籠；困境Hehasfoundhe’scaughtinatrapofhisownmaking.他發現自己作繭自縛。ImportantWordstrapn[C]ImportantWords2.dramaticallyadv顯著地；戲劇地；引人注目地draman[C]

①（一出）戲；戲劇性事件②[U]戲劇；戲劇藝術；戲劇文學dramaticadj①戲劇的；戲劇性的thedramaticarts戲劇藝術②突然的adramaticincrease劇增③給人印象深刻的adramaticvictory激動人心的勝利ImportantWords1)The“ChineseDream”isadreamtoimprovepeople’swell-being

andadreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.中國夢是提高人民幸福感的夢，是和諧、和平與發展的夢。2)Inthisheavenlyworld,peopleliveinperfectharmonywithnature.在這天堂般的世界里，人與自然和諧相處。3.harmonyn[C]&[U]和諧；和睦；融洽

harmonious

adj

和諧的；和睦的harmonioussociety和諧社會

①使爆炸

explodeabomb引爆炸彈ImportantWords②（感情、暴力事件）爆發；激增explodewithanger勃然大怒4.explodevThefireworkexplodedinhishand.那個爆竹在他手里響了。Florida’spopulationexplodedafterWorldWarⅡ.二戰后，佛羅里達州的人口迅速增加。

Importantphases1failtodosth2inharmonywith3developanappetitefor4beintroducedto5soilerosion6outofcontrol7remove…from未能做成某事與……和諧從……移走/去除失控土壤侵蝕對……產生興趣被引入……Importantphases8decreasefrom…to9inconsequence10turnout11asubstantialnumberof12onceandforall13everylast14oweittosbtodosth從……減少到……結果；因此(認為)應該為某人做某事每一個徹底地；一勞永逸地原來是；結果是，證明是大量的Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants,includingroyalpenguins,kingpenguins,andelephantseals,existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.(P50)Importantsentences

Theycouldn’thelpbutimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants,includingroyalpenguins,kingpenguins,andelephantseals,existedincompleteunitywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.Paraphrase:failtodosth/failindoingsth未能做成某事Thegreatbridgecannotfailtostopyouinyourtracks.這座宏偉的大橋一定會讓你止步觀賞。HefailedinpersuadingMarytogotherewithhim.他沒能說服瑪麗和他一起去。Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants,includingroyalpenguins,kingpenguins,andelephantseals,existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.(P50)Importantsentences具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，句子要用部分倒裝結構。本句中nor

為否定詞，它所引導的句子要用倒裝語序，常見結構為：Nor+助動詞/be動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語+其它成分。Hedidn’tquithisjob,norwashefired.他沒有辭職，也沒有被解雇。Theycouldn’tunderstanditatthattime,andnorcouldwe.他們那時無法理解這件事，我們也理解不了。Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants,includingroyalpenguins,kingpenguins,andelephantseals,existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.(P50)Importantsentences具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，句子要用部分倒裝結構。類似副詞和短語還有：never,seldom,little,few,rarely,nowhere,notuntil,hardly…when,nosooner…than,notonly…butalso,innoway,bynomeans,undernocircumstancesetc.1)NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.2)Bynomeanswillwegiveup.3)HardlyhadIenteredtheclassroomwhenthebellrang.2.Unfortunately,thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds,too.(P50)Importantsentences

Unfortunately,thecatssubsequentlybegantoeatthebirds,too.developanappetitefor...developatastefor...developaninterestin...Suzydevelopedaninterestinviolinwhenshewasjustachild.Suzy還是小孩子的時候，就對小提琴產生了興趣。Paraphrase:對……產生興趣3.Looseontheisland,theydidwhatrabbitsdobest–theymultipliedrapidlyandbeganeatingthenativevegetationanddiggingholes,whichcausedsoilerosion.(P50)Importantsentences

Rabbitswerefreeontheislandandtheydidwhatrabbitsdobest–theyincreasedtheirnumbersrapidlyandbeganeatingthelocalplants,flowers,etcanddiggingholes,whichcausedsoilerosion.Looseontheisland是形容詞（短語）作狀語。其用法：其邏輯主語為句子的主語，是由主語相同的兩個句子改寫而成的。Paraphrase:3.Looseontheisland,theydidwhatrabbitsdobest–theymultipliedrapidlyandbeganeatingthenativevegetationanddiggingholes,whichcausedsoilerosion.(P50)Importantsentences形容詞（短語）作狀語。其用法：其邏輯主語為句子的主語，是由主語相同的兩個句子改寫而成的。試著用“形容詞短語”改寫下列句子：1)Wereachedthetopofthemountain.Weweretiredandhungry.改寫：Wereachedthetopofthemountain,tiredandhungry.2)Janewassatisfiedwithit.Sheboughtthebookimmediately.改寫：Satisfiedwithit,Janeboughtthebookimmediately.4.Thisinturnledtomorecatshuntingthebirds.(P50)Importantsentences

Asaresult,thisledtomorecatshuntingthebirds.inturn依次；輪流。還可以表示結果，相當于asaresult，和下文中的inconsequence同義。Paraphrase:1)Thegrapeproductiondeclinedgreatlythisyearwhichinturnbroughtariseinitsprice.

今年的葡萄產量大幅度下降，因此價格上漲了。2)Hewasovertheagelimitandinconsequence,hisapplicationwasrejected.他已超過了年齡限制，因此他的申請被拒絕了。5.Theyhavebeentrainedtofindeverylastone,withoutharmingthenativeanimals.(P51)Importantsentences

Theyhavebeentrainedtofindalltheremaininginvadingspecies,andatthesametime,theyarerequirednottoharmthenativeanimals.everylast與everysingle同義，比every語氣更強，相當于all。one

在此代替前一句話中所說的thelastremaininginvadingspecies。Paraphrase:1)Mysisterateeverylastbiscu