PAGE1-專題強化練(四)閱讀理解之詞義揣測題Passage1Forthebraveinthearmedforces，beingsentawayfromhomeformonthsatatimeisjustpartoftheduty.However，it'sneveraneasyonetoperformespeciallyforthosewithchildren.SowhenIfoundoutIwasgoingtobestationedinSouthKoreaforayear，Iwasnervousabouthowmyfivechildren，particularlymyeldestdaughterAbigail，wouldtakethenewssinceitmeantIwouldn'tbehometoseehergraduatefromhighschool.Incredibly，Abigailtoldmenottoworryandevensuggestedwelive__streamtheeventamongfamilymemberswhenIleakedthenews.“We'vebeenluckyyouhaven'thadtobesentabroadyet.AnywaywecangetconnectedthroughtheInternet.Seemeonyourphoneonmyspot，”Abigailsaid.ShesteppedintomanyofmyroleswhenIwasgone.IwantedtofindawaytothankherandshowherhowproudIwasofher.IstartedplanningthespecialsurprisewhenmyrequesttoreturnhomeafewweeksearlytoattendAbigail'sgraduationceremonywasapproved.WhenmytimeinSouthKoreafinallycametoanend，Iflewhome，rentedacar，andstayedinahotel.AndonAbigail'sgraduationday，IhidinanofficebehindthestagewaitinguntilIheardmydaughter'snamecalled，Ijustkeptthinking“Don'tcry.Don'ttripinyourheels.Don'tfallover.”Atlast!Abigailwasuponstage.Islippedupbehindher，whisperedinherear，andaroundsheturned！“Iwasjustthinking，like，‘Youaren'tsupposedtobehere.What?What?How？’Itwasthebiggestshock...I'mprettysuremydadmadepeoplehedidn'tevenknowcry.Emotionalforeveryone，”Abigailcried.Youknowwhatfollowed:embraces，kisses，tears，laughs，flowers，wishes...;aren'ttheywhatafamilyhaveinstore?1．Whatworriedtheauthormost?A．HisdutyinSouthKorea.B．Hisfivechildren'ssafety.C．Hiseldestdaughter'sstudy.D．Hisabsencefromabigevent.2．Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“livestream”？A．Plan. B．Celebrate.C．Prepare. D．Broadcast.3．HowdidAbigailfeelwhenmeetingherfather?A．Embarrassed. B．Overjoyed.C．Nervous. D．Satisfied.4．Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtoexpressbytellingthestory?A．Asoldier'spersonalsacrifice.B．Afather'sloveforhisfamily.C．Themeaningoffamilybond.D．Thewaytoplanabigsurprise.【語篇解讀】作者在得知要離家執勤后，因不能參與孩子的畢業典禮而心生愧疚，但是，他卻得到了孩子的理解和家人的支持。最終在得到了允許后剛好趕到孩子的畢業典禮，給了孩子一個驚喜。1．解析：細微環節理解題。依據第一段中的“Iwasnervousabouthowmyfivechildren，particularlymyeldestdaughterAbigail，wouldtakethenewssinceitmeantIwouldn'tbehometoseehergraduatefromhighschool.”可知，作者驚慌他的五個孩子，尤其他的大女兒如何接受這一消息，因為這意味著作者不能看著她從中學畢業。答案：D2．解析：詞義揣測題。依據文中其次段中的“AnywaywecangetconnectedthroughtheInternet.Seemeonyourphoneonmyspot，”可知，無論如何，他可以通過網絡觀看她的畢業典禮。由此可揣測，livestream意思是“視頻直播”，與broadcast意義相近。答案：D3．解析：推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段中的“What？What？How？”和“Itwasthebiggestshock...I'mprettysuremydadmadepeoplehedidn'tevenknowcry.Emotionalforeveryone，”可知，女兒見到作者特別興奮。embarrassed意為“尷尬的”，nervous意為“神經驚慌的”，satisfied意為“滿足的；滿足的”，均不符合語境。答案：B4．解析：推理推斷題。作者執勤任務結束后，設法剛好趕回去參與了女兒的中學畢業典禮，女兒特別快樂。作者由此來表達親情的意義。答案：CPassage2(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，B篇)ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries，strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC，although，becauseoftheirseeds，raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質)，ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein)．Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質)．TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃)，theyaresodeliciouswhocares？However，theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits，frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick，coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”．Forthispurpose，selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike，asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks，dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer，youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert，tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty；theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.24．Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A．Theycontainprotein.B．TheyarehighinvitaminA.C．Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D．Theyarerichinantioxidants.25．Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A．Tomakethemsmellbetter.B．Tokeeptheircolour.C．Tospeeduptheirripening.D．Toimprovetheirnutrition.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert. B.Adrink.C．Acontainer. D．Amachine.27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook. B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Atravelbrochure.【語篇解讀】人們愛七月，因為七月是收獲的季節，各種漿果和核果喜獲豐收。那么如何加工食用這些果實呢？這些果實各自又含有哪些養分成分呢？24．解析：細微環節理解題。由其次段中的“Asforcherries，theyaresodeliciouswhocares？[至于櫻桃，它們味道甜蜜，(至于其他方面)誰會在乎呢？]”可知，C項陳述與之吻合。A、D兩項曲解文意，其次段說山莓富含蛋白質，藍莓富含抗氧化物質，因此這兩項不是櫻桃的特點；B項張冠李戴，文章說桃子等核果類的水果含有能轉化為維生素A且是抗氧化物質的類胡蘿卜素。答案：C25．解析：細微環節理解題。依據題干中的freshlemonjuice可以定位到第三段最終部分。由“Ifyoulike，asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.”可知，往香蕉上擠一些簇新的檸檬汁能愛護香蕉在冷凍的時候不變色，故選B項。A、C、D三項無中生有。文章沒有提到簇新的檸檬汁能讓冷凍的香蕉聞起來更好、成熟得更快或增加香蕉的養分。答案：B26．解析：詞義揣測題。最終一段中畫線詞處的語境提到“喂食”(feedin)，“吐出”(outcomes)，“放進機器的頂部”(intothetopofthemachine)，從這些信息詞推斷畫線詞指的是一種機器，因此選D。A、B、C三項曲解文意。從語境的關鍵詞推斷，該詞指的不是甜點、飲料或容器，而是榨汁的機器。答案：D27．解析：推理推斷題。本題考查文章的出處。從全文內容看，第一段提到豐收的七月帶來的果實，說這些水果好比儲存養分的小“動力室”；其次段提到山莓等各種水果含有的維生素等養分成分；第三、四段提到利用這些水果制作各種美食。因此本文應當摘選自健康類的雜志。故選B項。A、C、D三項曲解文意。從文章內容看，本文不是出自生物教科書、科研論文或旅行手冊。答案：BPassage3IfyouhaveachancetogotoFinland，youwillprobablybesurprisedtofindhow“foolish”theFinnishpeopleare.Takethetaxidriversforexample.TaxisinFinlandaremostlyhigh-classBenzwithafareoftwoUSdollarsakilometre.Youcangoanywhereinone，tellthedrivertodropyouatanyplace，saythatyouhavesomebusinesstoattendto，andthenwalkoffwithoutpayingyourfare.Thedriverwouldnotshowtheleastsignsofanxiety.Thediningroomsinallbighotelsnotonlyservetheirguests，butalsoserveoutsidediners.Hotelguestshavetheirmealsfree，sotheynaturallygotothefreediningroomstohavetheirmeals.Themosttheywoulddotoshowtheirgoodfaithistowavetheirregistrationcardstothewaiter.Withsuchaloosecheck，youcaneasilyuseanyoldregistrationcardtotakeacoupleoffriendstodinefreeofcharge.TheFinnishworkersarepaidbythehour.Theyareverymuchontheirownassoonastheyhaveagreedwiththebossontherate.Thentheyjustsayhowmanyhourstheyhaveworkedandtheywillbepaidaccordingly.Withsomanyloopholes(漏洞)ineverydaylife，surelyFinlandmustbeaheaventothosewholovetotake“petty__advantages”．Butthestrangethingisthatallthetaxipassengerswouldalwayscomebacktopaytheirfaresaftertheyhaveattendedtotheirbusinessandthatnotasingleoutsiderhaseverbeenfoundinthefreehoteldiningrooms.Andworkersalwaysgiveanhonestaccountoftheexacthourstheyputin.AstheFinnsalwaysactongoodfaithineverythingtheydo，livinginsuchasocietyhasturnedeveryoneintoareal“gentleman”．1．TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph5mean“________”．A．tobereadytohelpothersB．tomakegooduseofone'sfriendsC．tobealittleaheadofothersD．togainsomethingatothers'expense2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．WhiletakingataxiinFinland，youcangetoffwithoutfirstpayingyourfare.B．InabighotelinFinland，youcanenjoyfreemealsifyou'relivinginthehotel.C．ThebossesinFinlandpaytheemployeesaccordingtotheregistrationoftheirworkinghours.D．Theworkersarealwayshonestwiththeirworkinghours.3．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________．A．theFinnishsocietyisofveryhighmoral(道德的)levelB．therearemanyloopholesineverydaylifeinFinlandC．inFinland，mosttaxidriverswillnotchargeyouanythingD．everyoneinFinlandislikeagentleman，fortheyhavefaithinthemselves4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．LifeinFinlandB．ASocietywith“Foolish”PeopleC．WhataLifeD．HonestaccountsoftheFinns【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要通過一些例子，介紹了芬蘭人的誠懇，并且誠懇讓他們成為真正的“紳士”。1．解析：詞義揣測題。依據第五段第一句“Withsomanyloopholes(漏洞)ineverydaylife，surelyFinlandmustbeaheaventothosewholovetotake‘pettyadvantages’”可知，在日常生活中芬蘭出現了很多的“漏洞”。結合上文內容可知，在芬蘭，假如你告知出租車司機你有一些事要處理，你不付車費就可以離開；在賓館用舊的登記卡就可以享受免費大餐；工人只要告知老板自己工作的時長就可以得到相應的工資，這些就是“漏洞”。由此可知，芬蘭的確是那些愛貪小便宜的人的天堂，畫線詞意為“小便宜”，故D項正確。答案：D2．解析：細微環節理解題。依據第四段的內容，尤其是第三句“Thentheyjustsayhowmanyhourstheyhaveworkedandtheywillbepaidaccordingly”可知，老板是依據工人自己所說的工作時長給工人支付工資的，而不是依據登記的時長，所以C項與文意不符，故選C項。答案：C3．解析：推理推斷題。依據最終一段最終一句，并結合全文內容可知，在芬蘭，乘出租車的乘客可以先下車離開，等處理完事情后再付車費；沒有在賓館登記入住的人并不會去賓館享受免費大餐；工人可以依據自己報的工作時長向老板索要工資。因為芬蘭人總是誠懇地做每一件事，生活在這樣一個社會，每個人都變成了一個真正的“紳士”。據此可以推斷，芬蘭社會有著很高的道德水平，故A項正確。答案：A4．解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章由人們認為芬蘭人很“愚蠢”引出本文話題，接著舉例介紹了芬蘭人“愚蠢”的狀況，最終點明主旨，即芬蘭是一個道德水平很高的國家，人們的誠懇讓他們都成為紳士。據此可以推斷，B項最適合作文章標題。答案：BPassage4(2024·河南新鄉高三質量檢測)Alongsideairandwater,foodisanecessityforhumanbeingstosurviveandthrive.Butit'salotmorethanthat.AsMarietteDichristinaofScientificAmericanwrote:“Themostintimate(密切的)relationshipwewilleverhaveisnotwithanyfellowhumanbeing.Instead,itisbetweenourbodiesandourfood.”Nowadays,formostpeopleintheworld'swealthiestcountries,foodisahobby,anenthusiasm,andevensomethingfashionable.TurnontheTVintheUS,UKorFrance,andyou'llfindatleastonechannelfeedingthispopularobsession.Andmostofusknowatleastonepersonwhothinksofthemselvesasa“foodie”．It'salmostimpossiblenowadaystocheckoursocialmediaappswithoutatleasttwoorthreephotosofdeliciousmealsappearingonourscreen.Butbehindthefancyrecipesandsocialmediabragging(夸耀),manyofusforgethowmuchwetakefoodforgranted.ThisiswhyWorldFoodDayisheldeachyear.TakeKenyaforexample.ThiseastAfricannationhasbeensufferingterribledroughts.Theresultisthatpeoplearebeginningtostarve.Childreninparticulararesuffering,withsomeofthemevendying.Thismayseemshockingtoknow,especiallyasmanyculturesoutsideofAfricathinkoffoodinacompletelydifferentway.ButevenintheUK,familiesonlowincomesareforcedtousefoodbanks—Europeanorganizationsthathandoutdonatedfoodtothosewhocan'taffordtopayforitthemselves.SowhatcanwedoonWorldFoodDay?Onegoodwaytospenditwouldbetofeelhumbleandappreciatewhatwehave.Afterall,foodisessentialforsurvival,butnoteveryoneisasluckyaswearewhenitcomestodinnertime.1．AccordingtoMarietteDichristina,whathastheclosestrelationshipwithus?A．Air. B．Water.C．Food. D．Humanbeings.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“foodie”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Deliciousfood. B．Apersonfondoffood.C．Asocialmediaapp. D．Aphotoofdeliciousmeals.3．Whocangethelpfromfoodbanks?A．PoorpeopleintheUK.B．Poorpeoplein