PAGEPAGE1第三節名詞、冠詞和數詞1．Onestudyshowedthat(woman)whodrankalotofcoffee，likeeightormorecupsperday，whileeq\x(they)werepregnantweremorelikelytohavechildrenwithbirthdefects.(2024·11月浙江)答案women解析考查名詞復數。此處泛指喝大量咖啡的婦女，指某一類人用名詞復數。下文中的they也是提示。故填women。2．MakingChinese(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.(2024·6月浙江)答案dishes3．Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromeq\x(all)(cause)．(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案causes解析考查名詞復數。cause表示“緣由，起因”時是可數名詞，前面有all，故填cause的復數形式。4．Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫學界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadeq\x(some)unintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案effects解析考查名詞復數。sideeffect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的兩個例子overweightandheartdisease可知名詞effect用復數形式effects。5．Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案crowds解析考查名詞復數。crowd是可數名詞，且前面沒有限定詞，故應用復數形式。6．Shehasturneddowneq\x(several)(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案invitations解析考查名詞復數。several表“幾個”，其后要用名詞invitation的復數形式。7．LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledouteq\x(ahandfulof)small(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.(2024·浙江)答案carrots解析考查名詞復數。ahandfulof一把，幾個，后接可數名詞的復數形式。ahandfulofcarrots幾個胡蘿卜。8．Recent(study)eq\x(show)thatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案studies解析考查名詞復數。依據后面的謂語動詞show，表示復數形式，故主語也應是復數形式。提示詞是名詞，首先分析句子，確認不須要變更詞性，就可以考慮用名詞復數形式。一些標記詞可以快速確認。1．修飾詞①oneof＋名詞復數。②大于2的基數詞，different，various，many，these/those，few，afew，several，all，both，other，a(large)numberof，acoupleof，adozenof，dozensof，ahandfulof后用名詞復數。③some后假如名詞可數，要用復數。2．謂語動詞：假如所填的名詞作主語，謂語動詞是復數形式are，were，have或動詞原形，則用名詞復數。3．特殊的復數名詞belongingsn．財產possessionsn．財產congratulations慶賀surroundingsn．環境findingsn．發覺good/badmannersn．有禮貌/沒禮貌taketurns輪番inalldirections四面八方inruins嚴峻受損；破敗不堪1．InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoeq\x(a)(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案belief解析考查名詞。依據其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。2．Wearesoproudofher.It’s(wonder)．(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案wonderful解析考查形容詞作表語。依據句子結構可知，在系動詞is之后應用形容詞作表語，故填wonderful。3．Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofeq\x(an)interesting(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案competition解析考查名詞。由空前的aninteresting可以確定空格處應當填名詞形式。故填competition。4．Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)eq\x(stories)aboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案traditional解析考查形容詞。空格處修飾名詞stories，應用形容詞，tradition的形容詞形式為traditional，故填traditional。5．OtherAmericanstudiesshowedeq\x(no)(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2024·浙江)答案connection/connections解析考查名詞。no是形容詞，修飾名詞，connect的名詞形式為connection表示“聯系，關聯”，為可數名詞，故填connection/connections。6．Schooluniformseq\x(are)(tradition)inBritain，butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.(2024·6月浙江)答案traditional解析考查形容詞。are是系動詞，其后常用形容詞作表語，tradition是名詞，“傳統”的意思，因此，用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。7．It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyeq\x(and)(meaning)collegeexperience.(2024·北京)答案meaningful解析考查形容詞。這里與前面的healthy并列，修飾后面的名詞collegeexperience，故此處也要用形容詞形式。故填meaningful。8．Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein(weigh)problems.(2024·6月浙江)答案weight9．Toavoidkneepain，youcanrunonsoftsurfaces，doexerciseseq\x(to)(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案strengthen解析考查詞性轉換之名詞變動詞。此處不定式短語作目的狀語，故填strength的動詞形式strengthen。10．Runningischeap，easyandit’salways(energy)．(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案energetic解析考查詞性轉換之名詞變形容詞。連系動詞is后接形容詞作表語，故填energy的形容詞形式energetic。11．AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)eq\x(fertilizerconsumption)...(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案global解析考查詞性轉換之名詞變為形容詞。修飾名詞短語fertilizerconsumption應用形容詞，名詞globe的形容詞形式是global。12．MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma(science)eq\x(who)studiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案scientist解析考查詞形轉換之名詞構詞法。由空后的who可知，定語從句的先行詞是表示人的名詞。scientist科學家。(一)提示詞是名詞，首先分析句子，如須要變更詞性，依據語境確認用哪種詞性。構詞法——常見的詞根詞綴①-en動詞后綴strength→strengthen加強fright→frighten使膽怯 length→lengthen延長②-fy動詞后綴beauty→beautify美化qualification→qualify使取得(資格)class→classify分類③-ize/-ise動詞后綴apology→apologiz(s)e致歉memory→memorize記住④常見形容詞后綴eq\x(名詞＋-y)sun→sunny陽光足夠的fog→foggy有霧的wealth→wealthy富有的health→healthy健康的noise→noisy吵鬧的eq\x(動詞＋-able)advise→advisable明智的，可取的comfort→comfortable舒適的accept→acceptable可接受的eq\x(名詞＋-al)education→educational有教化意義的season→seasonal季節的addition→additional附加的，額外的accident→accidental意外的eq\x(名詞＋-en)wood→wooden木制的gold→golden金色的eq\x(動詞＋-ent)differ→different不同的insist→insistent堅持的depend→dependent依靠的eq\x(名詞＋-ish)fool→foolish愚蠢的self→selfish自私的child→childish孩子氣的eq\x(動詞＋-ive)act→active主動的impress→impressive印象深刻的eq\x(名詞＋-ful)power→powerful強有力的peace→peaceful和平的beauty→beautiful漂亮的wonder→wonderful很棒的help→helpful有幫助的eq\x(名詞＋-less-ful的反義)home→homeless無家可歸的hope→hopeless無望的help→helpless無助的eq\x(名詞＋-ous)fame→famous出名的envy→envious艷羨的humor→humorous幽默的ambition→ambitious有野心的caution→cautious謹慎的eq\x(名詞＋-ly)friend→friendly友好的order→orderly有秩序的time→timely剛好的month→monthly每月的day→daily每天的eq\x(動詞＋-ing構成的形容詞)promise→promising有前途的reward→rewarding值得的last→lasting持續的appeal→appealing吸引人的invite→inviting迷人的eq\x(特殊變更)variety→various多種多樣的value→valuable寶貴的benefit→beneficial有益的energy→energetic充溢活力的⑤名詞以-ce結尾，形容詞以-t結尾confidence→confident自信的elegance→elegant優雅的patience→patient有耐性的evidence→evident明顯的intelligence→intelligent有才智的，智能的violence→violent暴力的，猛烈的(二)提示詞是動詞，首先分析句子并依據語境標記詞確認是否須要填名詞。1．句子結構①設空作主語，或者作及物動詞、動詞短語或介詞的賓語，填名詞。②系動詞之后，含義是“什么”，用名詞。2．語境標記詞①冠詞＋(形容詞＋)名詞。②形容詞性物主代詞、全部格、數詞、量詞、形容詞之后，往往用名詞。③and/but/or并列連詞連接并列成分。3．動詞變名詞規律①常見的名詞后綴-ness，-ment，-tion，-ance，-sion②describe→description描述permit→permission允許apply→application申請；應用argue→argument爭辯conclude→conclusion結論depend→dependence依靠③動詞＋-al變成名詞arrive→arrival到達approve→approval批準；贊同withdraw→withdrawal撤回；取款dispose→disposal處理propose→proposal建議；求婚survive→survival幸存1．Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixarestable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案the解析考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。2．Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasjoke.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案a解析考查冠詞。依據句意“我們還以為這是一個玩笑”可知，此處joke為泛指，且joke的發音以輔音音素開頭故填a。3．Everybodywearssamestyleofclothes.(2024·6月浙江)答案the解析句意為：每個人都穿相同風格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。4．Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案the解析考查冠詞。此處特指過去的25年，故用定冠詞the。5．Unexpectedly，I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案the解析考查冠詞。atthetopofone’slungs用最洪亮的聲音，放聲大叫，為固定搭配。6．Asresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案a解析考查固定搭配中的冠詞。asaresult結果。7．Instead，sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案a解析考查冠詞。句意為：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特每天收入6500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。8．ForPahlsson，itsreturnwaswonder.(2024·6月浙江)答案a解析考查冠詞。awonder一個奇跡。1．定冠詞the①上文提及，獨一無二，一般名詞構成的專出名詞前，西洋樂器前，序數詞前，最高級前，用定冠詞the。②含有修飾限定詞的結構中③“the＋adj.”表示一類人the＋定語＋名詞the＋名詞＋定語從句/非謂語作定語thevery/only＋名詞thesame2．泛指，表“一個”用a/an。往往沒有修飾限定詞，a/an＋(形容詞)＋單數可數名詞①首字母是元音字母，但發輔音，用冠詞a，如auniversity，a＋useful/usual/unique/united/European/one-eyed/one-way＋名詞②以u開頭，但用an(往往是un-否定前綴)：an＋unusual/unhappy/unforgettable＋名詞，anumbrella雨傘③首字母是輔音字母但發元音：anhour，anhonor，an＋honest＋名詞3．固定搭配中的冠詞①定冠詞thecatch/hit/take＋sb.＋介＋the＋身體部位，inthe1990s，ontheInternet，in/over/duringthepastdays/months/years在過去的……日/月/年，makethemost/bestof充分利用，inthecountryside在鄉下，beinthehabitof有……的習慣，atthesametime同時，atthetopof在……的頂端，forthetimebeing短暫，theotherday＝afewdaysago幾天前，ontheway在途中，inthelongterm/run長遠看來，themore...，themore...句型②不定冠詞a/anhaveagoodtime玩得興奮，makealiving謀生，asaresult因此，forawhile一會，inahurry匆忙地，inaword總之，atadistance離一段距離，awasteof...奢侈，amatterof...……的問題，haveagoodknowledgeof精通；駕馭，makeanapology致歉，payavisitto探望，keepaneyeon照看；關注③抽象名詞詳細化：表示一個……的人/事asuccess/pleasure/comfort/surprise/failureone→first，two→second，three→third，five→fiftheight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve→twelfth，twenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth增分訓練增分單句訓練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Well-offfamiliesareruledbycalendars，withchildrenparticipatinginballet，soccerandafter-schoolprograms，accordingtonewPewResearchCentersurvey.答案a解析第一次提到這個調查，表示“一個”，用a/an，又因為new的發音是以輔音音素開頭，所以用不定冠詞a。故填a。2．Itisunforgettableformetoseethehugecocacolabillboardshownonunnamedlongandnarrowstreet.答案an解析此處是泛指一條無名的長而狹窄的街道，所以用不定冠詞。因為unnamed的發音以元音音素開頭，所以用an。3．Italsostressedthatadmissionsarenotonlybasedontestscoresbutacomprehensive(assess)ofeachapplicant.答案assessment4．InJanuary，manyShanghaiyoungstershandedinproposalsonissuesrangingfromnetworksecurityandthefuturecitytotheprotectionof(tradition)culture.答案traditional解析依據后面的名詞可以確認前面須要填形容詞。所以填traditional。5．Despiteavague(describe)oftheremotemountainvillage，theexplorershadnodifficultyfindingitwiththehelpofthelocals.答案description解析此處是“a＋adj.＋n.”的結構。特殊留意describe變成名詞是不規則變更，其名詞形式為description。6．Ifwecangivemorethanreceive，we’ll(strength)theharmonyamongpeopleandliveinabetterworld.答案strengthen解析此處須要動詞與and后的live并列作謂語，所以應變為strengthen表示“加強；強化”。7．Thereis，forexample，apassionateletterfromHuangYongyutoplaywrightCaoYu30yearsagotocriticizehislackof(create)．答案creativity解析介詞of后跟名詞，故用名詞形式creativity“創建力”。8．ThePacificOceancontainsabout25,000islands.The(major)ofthemarefoundsouthoftheequator(赤道)．答案majority解析通過the可以推斷，須要填名詞形式。9．TheyarebythecoastandknownforhavingsomeofsunniestweatherintheUK.答案the解析后面有最高級，意為“陽光最足夠的天氣”，所以判定須要用定冠詞the。10．Andhehasseenrapid(grow)inmusic，film，fashioninChina，whichoffersopportunitiestopeoplefrom(variety)backgrounds.答案growth；various解析rapid為形容詞，空格處應為hasseen的賓語，所以grow應變為名詞形式growth；其次個空格處，由后面的名詞backgrounds推斷，此處須要填形容詞，所以變為形容詞形式various。Ⅱ.易錯練習1．Inadditiontotopscoresongaokao，(apply)alsoneedtomeetEnglishlanguagerequirements，participateinaninterviewandtakeasubject-specificwrittenadmissionassessment.答案applicants解析句子缺少主語，可以推斷須要填名詞。依據含義推斷，此處說的是申請者，須要用復數形式，所以填applicants。2．Expertsnotethat(chemical)againstthewormsarecostly，dangerousanddonotalwayswork.答案chemicals解析通過分析可知that從句中缺少主語，所以chemical此處用作名詞。謂語動詞為are，所以應當用復數形式。3．Beijing，thecapitalofChina，remainedthemostattractivecityforChinese(graduate)，followedbyShenzhenandShanghai.答案graduates解析graduate此處作名詞，意為“畢業生”，為可數名詞，此處表復數概念，故填graduates。4．Francesentasenior(represent)tothesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinBeijinginApril,2024.答案representative解析此處是“a＋adj.＋n.”的結構，所以填representative。5．Clonesofdifferentkindsareproducedinvariousways，andtheyhavebecome(value)inmanymedicalapplicationsandbiologicalexperiments.答案valuable解析考查名詞變形容詞。become為系動詞，所以此處用形容詞形式作表語。增分寫作訓練——名詞、冠詞和數詞在寫作中的應用1．IknowwellaboutChinesepaintings，whichisbeneficialforintroducingthemtothelocals.(beof＋抽象名詞＝be＋形容詞)(2024·全國Ⅰ)IpossessagoodknowledgeofChinesepaintings,whichisofgreatbenefitforintroducingthemtothelocals.2．Youshouldbewellprepared，whichmeansyoushouldparticipateinregularpractice，sleepproperlyandhaveabalanceddiet.(同義句改寫)(2024·全國Ⅱ)Properpreparationsincludefrequentparticipationinregularpractice，propersleepandabalanceddiet.3．Ihopeyoucanconfirmwithmewhenitisconvenientforyou.(同義句改寫)(2024·全國Ⅲ)Ihopeyoucansendmeyourconfirmationatyourconvenience.強化練(四)Ⅰ.語法填空A(2024·臺州模擬)Chinese-AmericancommunitygroupsarepreparingtoholdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化節)onSept.28inFlushingQueens，NewYorkCity’seasternmostborough.Theeventservesnotonly1.aspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld-famousChinesephilosopher，butachance2.(celebrate)Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities，saidWangLizhi，presidentofAmericaEastShandongAssociation(AESA)．Co-sponsoredbyAESA，AmericaEastShandongChamberofCommerceandConfuciusEducationFoundationInc，thefestival3.(feature)recitationofthe“DiZiGui”，literallytranslatedas“StandardsforBeingaGoodPupilandChild”，abook4.(write)basedonConfucius’teachingsthatemphasizethe5.(base)necessitiesforbeingagoodpersonandguidelinesfor6.(live)inharmonywithothers，aswellasChinesetraditionaldances，Shandongfolkmusicandphotoexhibitions.Thegroupshostedthe7.(one)InternationalConfuciusCulturalFestivalinflushingonSept.28lastyeartocelebratethe2,568thanniversaryofthebirthofConfucius(551BC－479BC)．Confuciuswas8.extraordinaryeducatorandphilosopher，andfoundedConfucianism.Itwashe9.firstsetupprivateschoolsandreceivedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout10.(consider)oftheirsocialstatus.eq\x(語篇解讀本文介紹了孔子文化節的慶祝活動及該節日的意義，同時也對孔子做了介紹。)1．答案as解析考查介詞。此處指慶祝孔子文化節活動不僅是作為一個壯麗的儀式來紀念世界聞名的中國哲學家。表示“作為”用介詞as。2．答案tocelebrate解析考查動詞不定式。此處指這個活動還是與當地其他社區一起慶祝中國文化的機會。此處是不定式作chance的定語，故填tocelebrate。3．答案features解析考查動詞的時態和主謂一樣。此處指這個文化節以背誦《弟子規》為特色，與上下文時態一樣用一般現在時，主語thefestival是單數，故填features。4．答案written解析考查非謂語動詞。句中abook與動詞write是被動關系，指書被寫。此處用過去分詞作定語表被動，故填written。5．答案basic解析考查形容詞。修飾名詞necessities用形容詞，指基本的須要。故填basic。6．答案living解析考查非謂語動詞。句中介詞for后用動詞-ing形式作賓語，故填living。7．答案first解析考查序數詞。此處由定冠詞the限制，依據文章開頭“holdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化節)onSept.28”可知今年是其次屆，去年是第一屆。故填first。8．答案an解析考查冠詞。此處指孔子是一位杰出的教化家和哲學家，表示“一個”且extraordinary首字母發元音。故填不定冠詞an。9．答案that/who解析考查強調句型。本句是“Itis...that/who...”強調句結構，強調的是主語he，故用that/who引導。10．答案consideration/considering解析考查詞性變換。此處指孔子接收來自各行各業的學生，而不考慮他們的社會地位。介詞without后加名詞，再加of結構，故填名詞consideration。BSincechildhood，I11.(see)actionmoviesstarringBruceLeeandJackieChan，andIwasalwayscurioustolearnthemartialarts(武術).12.thereisChina，thereiskungfu.OnceIarrivedinChina，mydreamwas13.(learn)taichiandkungfuandmasterthetechniquesofmartialarts.Aftermyarrivaloncampusonthefirstday，Iwentforawalkintheearlymorning.Isawsomeolderpeople14.(practise)taichislowly.Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely.Itattractedme，andtheverynextdayatregistrationtime，Irushedtotheteacher’sofficetochoosetaichiasmy15.(option)course.ThefollowingweekIwasonthegroundsearlyinthemorningwithmyclassmates.Theteachertoldusthattaichi16.(favor)foritshealthbenefits.Themovementofthebodyisrelated17.theyinandyangforces.Themain18.(rule)thattheteachertaughtuswereattitude，discipline(自律)andbalance.Iwastakingeverybitofthetraining19.(serious)andtryingtomaintainmybalance，whichwasadifficultjob.However，astheteacherputs20.，ourattitude，ourwillingnessandouractionwillmaketheimpossiblepossible.AndIwilldo.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者講解并描述的是自己到中國實現自己兒時學習中國功夫的幻想。)11．答案haveseen解析考查時態。since引導的時間狀語常與現在完成時連用。12．答案Where13．答案tolearn解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處作表語，不定式和動名詞都可以作表語，但是依據后面的“andmaster”可知，and連接并列的非謂語動詞作表語，master前省略了to，故本空應用不定式。14．答案practising解析考查非謂語動詞。本句為“see＋賓語＋賓補”結構，賓語someolderpeople與practise之間是邏輯上的主動關系，且依據后面的“Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely”可知，賓補動作正在發生，故用practise的現在分詞形式。15．答案optional16．答案isfavored解析考查時態和語態。taichi與favor之間是邏輯上的被動關系，故此處用被動語態。雖然主句用了一般過去時，但是依據語境可知，賓語從句描述的是客觀事實，故從句用一般現在時。下一句的時態也是示意。17．答案to解析考查介詞。berelatedto...與……有關，是固定搭配，故填介詞to。18．答案rules解析考查名詞復數。由后面的謂語動詞were可知，此處主語要用名詞的復數形式。19．答案seriously解析考查副詞。修飾動詞用副詞。take...seriously仔細對待……。20．答案it解析考查代詞。assb.put(s)it是常用句型，意為“正如某人所說的那樣”。Ⅱ.閱讀理解AThemostwelcomesightonacold，wetwinternightinLondonisthefamiliarshapeofaLondontaxicabapproachingwithitsyellow“forhire”signshiningbrightly.Thatshowsitisreadytopickyouup.TravellingbytaxiinLondonisnotjustawayofgoingfromoneplacetoanother.Itisanexperiencetobeenjoyedandremembered.Themainreasonforthisisthedrivers，whoarecalled“cabbies”．ManyofthemaretrueCockneys.ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言)ofEnglish.Allofthemknoweverystreetandfamousbuildinginthecity，andallofthemlovetotalk.Asimpletwenty-minutejourneyacrosstowncanbecomeveryinteresting.Youmayhaveadiscussionaboutthegovernmentanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriver’sAuntyNellie!Onethingisforsure，itwillneverbeboring.Cabbiesknowallthelatestnewsaboutfilmstars，theRoyalFamily，governmentleaders，andpopularsingersoractorsandactresses.Theyalsoknowthebestplacestoeat，shopandrelax.Andtheycantakeyoustraighttoanylargehotel，departmentstore，theatreormuseum.Theyknowtheshortestwaypossiblewithoutevenlookingatamap，becauseeveryonewhowantstobecomeataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.Theexamiscalled“TheKnowledge”．Itisawrittentest，andinitdriversareaskedtheshortestwayfromoneplacetoanother.Theymusttakeintoaccountthetimeofday—inrushhour，alongerroute(路途)maybequicker—anddescribethebestway.Moreovertheymustneverforgettheone-waystreets!語篇解讀本文是說明文。文章介紹了在倫敦坐出租車是一種值得享受和牢記的經驗，倫敦出租車司機們友好健談，對倫敦特別熟識，都是通過考試的合格司機。21．FromwhatcanwetellthatsomeoneisaCockney?A．Theirinterest. B．Theirmanners.C．Theirspeech. D．Theirappearance.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據其次段中的“ManyofthemaretrueCockneys.ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言)ofEnglish.Allofthemknoweverystreetandfamousbuildinginthecity，andallofthemlovetotalk.”可知，真正的Cockney誕生在倫敦，說倫敦特殊的方言，對倫敦地理熟識且喜愛交談。所以通過一個人的說話就能推斷其是不是Cockney。故選C。22．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioning“AuntyNellie”inParagraph2?A．Passengersarefullofcuriosity.B．Cabbies’topicsarewide-ranging.C．AuntyNellieispopularinLondon.D．Londonersarefriendlytoeachother.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據其次段中“Asimpletwenty-minutejourneyacrosstowncanbecomeveryinteresting.Youmayhaveadiscussionaboutthegovernmentanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriver’sAuntyNellie！”可知，倫敦出租車司機能夠讓乘客旅途很好玩，可能會談論政府和領導，也可能會談論司機的家人。作者提到“AuntyNellie”是為了說明出租車司機的話題很廣泛，他們很健談。故選B。23．Whatisthepurposeof“TheKnowledge”？A．Toqualifyonetodriveataxi.B．Toassessone’sdrivingskills.C．Totestdrivers’abilitytowrite.D．Tochecktaxidrivers’memory.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據第三段中的“...everyonewhowantstobecomeataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.Theexamiscalled‘TheKnowledge’．Itisawrittentest，andinitdriversareaskedtheshortestwayfromoneplacetoanother.”可知，TheKnowledge是出租車司機的資格考試，通過筆試測試司機對路途的熟識程度和應變實力等。故選A。B(2024·上海長寧區二模)ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth，Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers’questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots，butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway，thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberias，wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks，IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride，Itookthebus，butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel’sswimmingpool，Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers，whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater，onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen，I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica，sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU．S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends，IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright，Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。作者原本與摯友約好去旅游，卻被放了鴿子，她確定一個人去。途中她遇見了五個背包客，這些背包客邀請她一起去旅游，她和這些人一起經驗了美妙的幾天，并和他們成了好摯友。24．By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inParagraph1)，theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas.A．sickofridingonabumpybusB．nervousofmeetingstrangersC．upsetaboutthesuddenchangeD．sorryabouttheimpracticalplan答案C解析句意理解題。依據前文“Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.”可知作者被摯友放鴿子了，被放鴿子確定是悲觀的，C項(因為突然的變更而感到懊喪的)最符合作者此時的心情，所以選C。25．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A．Courageousbutdisrespectful.B．Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C．Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D．Homelessbutlighthearted.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據其次段中“‘Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？’oneofthebackpackersoffered.”可知這些背包客邀請作者一起旅游，說明他們很熱心；依據“Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.”可知這些背包客旅游閱歷很豐富，所以是值得信任的，綜合選C。26．Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat.A．shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackersB．itmightcausetroubletohaveaswimC．sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackersD．itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride答案A解析推理推斷題。依據第三段中“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.”可知這些背包客邀請作者一起旅游時，她的本能(instinct)也就是第六感說了“好”，也就是說她的第六感讓她信任她能和這些背包客相處得很好，才會答應他們的邀請，故選A。27．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B．Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.C．Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D．Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據第三段中“TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.”可知作者覺得自己選擇一個人旅游讓自己看到了更大的世界；再結合文章最終一句“ThoughIwashappyshewasallright，Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.”可知作者慶幸她的摯友沒有接她的電話。由此可以推斷作者認為獨自旅行是她一生中最好的確定，故選D。Ⅲ.七選五(2024·河南豫北名校質量評估)Ifyou’reafirst-timelanguagelearner，youknowthatemotional(情感的)upsanddownsareanormalsituation.Whenyouunderstandaconceptorbegintocomprehendthelanguage，youmayexperiencefeelin