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專業英語四級(閱讀)模擬試卷25(共

9套)

(共177題)

專業英語四級(閱讀)模擬試卷第1套

一、完型填空(本題共/0題,每題分,共10分。)

A.ampleB.combinationsC.directlyD.disseminatedE.generationsF.genuinelyG.

insteadH.listsI.promulgatedJ.publicizedK.scantL.shapedM.sophisticatedN.

transplantedO.virtualImagineaworldwithoutwriting.Obviouslytherewouldbeno

books:nonovels,noencyclopedias,nocookbooks,notextbooks,notelephonebooks,no

scriptures,nodiaries,notravelguides.Therewouldbenoball-points,notypewriters,no

computers,noInternet,nomagazines,nomoviecredits,noshoppinglists,no

newspapers,notaxreturns.Butsuch[Cl]ofobjectsalmostmissthepoint.

Theworldweliveinhasbeenindeliblymarkedbythewrittenword,[C2]by

thetechnologyofwritingoverthousandsofyears.Ancientkingsproclaimedtheir

authorityand[C3]theirlawsinwriting.Scribesadministeredgreatempires

bywriting,theirknowledgeofrecordingandretrievinginformationessentialto

governingcomplexsocieties.Religioustraditionswerepassedonthrough[C4]

,andspreadtoothers,inwriting.Scientificandtechnologicalprogresswas

achievedand[C5]throughwriting.Accountsintradeandcommercecouldbe

keptbecauseofwriting.Nearlyeverystepofcivilizationhasbeenmediatedthrough

writing.Aworldwithoutwritingwouldbear[C6]resemblancetotheonewe

nowlivein.Writingisa[C7]necessitytothesocietiesanthropologistscall

civilizations.Acivilizationisdistinguishedfromothersocietiesbythecomplexityofits

socialorganization,byitsconstructionofcitiesandlargepublicbuildings,andbythe

economicspecializationofitsmembers,manyofwhomarenot[C8]

involvedinfoodprocurementorproduction.Acivilization,withitstaxation

andtributesystems,itstradeanditspublicworks,requiresa[C9]systemof

recordkeeping.AndsotheearlycivilizationsofEgypt.China,and(probably)Indiaall

developedasystemofwriting.OnlythePeruviancivilizationoftheIncasandtheir

predecessorsdidnotusewritingbut[CIO]inventedasystemofkeeping

recordsonknottedcolor-codedstringsknownasquipu.

1、[Cl]

標準答案:H

知識點解析:空格前面是such,后面是介詞of,因此空格處應填入名詞。由空格

所在句之前的兩個句子可知,如果沒有文字,世界上將會沒有許多東西。此處應填

入lists”清單,名單”,指代上文所羅列的物品,故H為答案。

2、[C2]

標準答案:L

知識點解析:分析句子結構可知,逗號之前是完整的被動句,所以逗號之后的成分

應是狀語或定語。結合空格后的bythetechnologycfwritingoverthousandsofyears

可以判斷,此處應填入動詞的過去分詞,作后置定語。備選動詞中的sh叩cd”形

成,影響''符合句意,故L為答案。

3、[C3]

標準答案:I

知識點解析:分析句子結構可知,and連接了兩個并列結構,and之前是動賓結構

proclaimedtheirauthority,而and之后的并列結構只有賓語iheirlaws,因此空格處

應填入動詞的過去式。結合前半句句意“古代君王宣告其權力''可以判斷,備選動詞

中的promulgated”頒布實施,公布”符合句意,這里指頒布法律,故I為答案。

4、[C4]

標準答案:E

知識點解析:空格前為介詞ihrough,后為and連接的并列謂語,由此可知空格處

應填入名詞,作介詞through的賓語。空格前面的動詞短語passedon的意思是

“把……傳給……”,此處要表達的應該是宗教傳統以書面形式代代相傳。結合備選

名詞可知,generations"一代(人)”符合句意,故E為答案。

5、[C5]

標準答案:D

知識點解析:分析句子結構可知,空格前的連詞and連接的兩個并列成分應該是相

同的結構。and之前是被動結構wasachieved,那么and之后的結構也應該是被動

結構,因此空格處應填入動詞的過去分詞形式。結合句意“科技的進步通過文字獲

得并"可以判斷,備選動詞中的disseminated”廣泛傳播,散布”符合句意。

disseminate指傳播信息、知識等,故D為答案。

6、[C6]

標準答案:K

知識點解析:分析句子結構可知,空格前是謂語動詞bear,空格后是名詞

resemblance,因此空格處應填入形容詞作定語,修飾其后的名詞。結合句意“沒有

文字的世界和我們目前所生活的世界相似之處''可知,空格處應填入具有

否定含義的形容詞。備選形容詞中,scant”缺乏的,不足的”符合句意,這里指沒

有多少相似之處,故K為答案。句中含有一個固定用法bearlittle。noresemblance

iosth.,意為“與某事物無相似之處”。

7、[C7]

標準答案:O

知識點解析:空格前面是冠詞a,后面是名詞necessity,因此空格處應填入非元音

音素開頭的形容詞,并由此可排除A項ample。結合句意,備選形容詞中的

virtual"幾乎的"符合句意,這里指文字對于社會而言幾乎是必需的,故。為答案。

8、[C8]

標準答案:C

知識點解析:空格前面是be動詞的否定形式arenot,后面是過去分詞involved,

且句子成分完整,因此空格處應填入副詞,修飾involved。空格所在分句是一個非

限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞ilsmembers。結合句意”...社會成員的經濟專業

化,其中許多成員并未參與食品的采購或生產”可以判斷,備選副詞中的

directly“直接地”符合句意,這里指直接參與,故C為答案。

9、[C9]

標準答案:M

知識點解析:空格前面是冠詞a,后面是名詞system,因此空格處應填入非元音音

素開頭的形容詞,并由此可排除A項ample。結合備選形容詞可知,

sophisticated“復雜的”符合句意,這里指文明需要復雜的記錄保存系統,故M為答

案。

10、[C10]

標準答案:G

知識點解析:空格前表示轉折的連詞but連接兩個并列結構。由空格后面的動詞過

去式invenled可知,but連接的是并列謂語,第二個并列謂語是完整的動賓結構,

因此空格處應填入副詞。結合前半句句意“只有秘魯印加文明及其祖先沒有使用文

字''和轉折連詞but可以判斷,備選副詞中的instead“相反,而”符合句意,這生指

秘魯印加文明及其祖先反而自己發明了一套保存記錄的系統,故G為答案。

二、選擇題(本題共70題,每題分,共10分。)

(1)Howtheytoiledandsweatedtogetthehayin!Buttheireffortswererewarded,forthe

harvestwasanevenbiggersuccessthantheyhadhoped.(2)Sometimestheworkwas

hard;theimplementshadbeendesignedforhumanbeingsandnotforanimals,anditwas

agreatdrawbackthatnoanimalwasabletouseanytoolthatinvolvedstandingonhis

hindlegs.Butthepigsweresocleverthattheycouldthinkofawayroundevery

difficulty.Asforthehorses,theykneweveryinchofthefield,andinfactunderstoodthe

businessofmowingandrakingfarbellerthanJunesandhismenhadeverdune.Thepigs

didnotactuallywork,butdirectedandsupervisedtheothers.Withtheirsuperior

knowledgeitwasnaturalthattheyshouldassumetheleadership.BoxerandClover

wouldharnessthemselvestothecutterorthehorse-rakeandtrampsteadilyroundand

roundthefieldwithapigwalkingbehindandcallingout"Geeup,comrade\"or"Whoa

back,comrade!"asthecasemightbe.Andeveryanimaldowntothehumblestworkedat

turningthehayandgatheringit.Eventheducksandhenstoiledtoandfroalldayinthe

sun,carryingtinywispsofhayintheirbeaks.Intheend,theyfinishedtheharvestintwo

days'lesstimethanithadusuallytakenJonesandhismen.Moreover,itwasthebiggest

harvestthatthefarmhadeverseen.Therewasnowastagewhatever;thehensandducks

withtheirsharpeyeshadgathereduptheverylaststalk.Andnotananimalonthefarm

hadstolensomuchasamouthful.(3)Allthroughthatsummertheworkofthefarmwent

likeclockwork.Theanimalswerehappyastheyhadneverconceiveditpossibletobe.

Everymouthfuloffoodwasanacutepositivepleasure,nowthatitwastrulytheirown

food,producedbythemselvesandforthemselves,notdoledouttothembyagrudging

master.Withtheworthlessparasitical(寄生的)humanbeingsgone,therewasmorefor

everyonetoeat.Therewasmoreleisuretoo,inexperiencedthoughtheanimalswere.

Theymetwithmanydifficulties-forinstance,laterintheyear,whentheyharvestedthe

corn,theyhadtotreaditoutintheancientstyleandblowawaythechaffwiththeir

breath,sincethefarmpossessednothreshingmachine-butthepigswiththeircleverness

andBoxerwithhistremendousmusclesalwayspulledthemthrough.Boxerwasthe

admirationofeverybody.HehadbeenahardworkereveninJones'stime,butnowhe

seemedmorelikethreehorsesthanone;thereweredayswhentheentireworkofthefarm

seemedtorestonhismightyshoulders.Frommorningtonighthewaspushingand

pulling,alwaysatthespotwheretheworkwashardest.Hehadmadeanarrangement

withoneofthecockerelstocallhiminthemorningshalfanhourearlierthananyone

else,andwouldputinsomevolunteerlaboratwhateverseemedtobemostneeded,

beforetheregularday'sworkbegan.Hisanswertoeveryproblem,everysetback,was"I

willworkharder!"—whichhehadadoptedashispersonalmotto.(4)Buteveryone

workedaccordingtohiscapacity.Thehensandducks,forinstance,savedfivebushelsof

cornattheharvestbygatheringupthestraygrains.Nobodystole,nobodygrumbledover

hisrations,thequarrellingandbitingandjealousywhichhadbeennormalfeaturesoflife

intheolddayshadalmostdisappeared.Nobodyshirked-oralmostnobody.Mollie,it

wastrue,wasnotgoodatgettingupinthemornings,andhadawayofleavingwork

earlyonthegroundthattherewasastoneinherhoof.Andthebehaviorofthecatwas

somewhatpeculiar.Itwassoonnoticedthatwhentherewasworktobedonethecat

couldneverbefound.Shewouldvanishforhoursonend,andthenreappearatmeal-

times,orintheeveningafterworkwasover,asthoughnothinghadhappened.Butshe

alwaysmadesuchexcellentexcuses,andpurredsoaffectionately,thatitwasimpossible

nottobelieveinhergoodintentions.OldBenjamin,thedonkey,seemedquiteunchanged

sincetheRebellion.Hedidhisworkinthesameslowobstinate(頑固的)wayashehad

doneitinJones'stime,nevershirkingandnevervolunteeringforextraworkeither.

AbouttheRebellionanditsresultshewouldexpressnoopinion.Whenaskedwhetherhe

wasnothappiernowthatJoneswasgone,hewouldsayonly"Donkeyslivealongtime.

Noneofyouhaseverseenadeaddonkey,"andtheothershadtobecontentwiththis

cryptic(含義隱晦的)answer.

11、Whatisthemoralimpliedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?

Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

B、Allbeingsarecreatedequal.

C、Factsspeaklouderthanwords.

D^Slowandsteadywinstherace.

標準答案:A

知識點解析:推斷題。由題干提示定位到原文前兩段。第一段是整體敘述,提到動

物們努力工作,所得到的收獲也比預期的要多。第二段具體描寫了動物們勤勞工作

的場面:他們克服了不少困難,從指揮者到勞作者都很盡力,而且大家都沒有偷

吃,顆粒歸公。可見,這兩段主要說明的就是天道酬勤,故A為答案。前兩段雖

然提到了大家都在努力工作,沒有偷懶或偷吃的,但是這兩段的主要意思并不是要

說明“眾生平等”,故排除B;C“事實勝于雄辯”和D“慢工出細活”在文中并沒有依

據,故均排除。

12、lbgainabiggerharvest,theanimalsmainlyovercamedifficultiesintheaspect

of.

A、theirphysicalcapacity

toolapplication

C>experienceaccumulation

D、theirintelligencelevel

標準答案:B

知識點解析:細節題。由題干關鍵詞。vercamedifficulties定位到原文第二段和第三

段。第二段首句就指出,有時候工作是很難做的,人類使用的工具對動物并不一定

合適,因為那些工具都應該直立著才能使用;而第二段第六句提到動物們遇到不少

困難,并在隨后說明由于沒有脫粒機,只能用古老的方法勞作。由此可見,他們遇

到的主要困難是沒有適宜的工具可以使用,故B為答案。作者提到了所有動物都

不遺余力,并且還特別提到了體力出眾的拳擊手,可見,動物們在體力方面沒有困

難,故排除A;作者在第二段第三句指出馬對耕田的事比人類的工人還要在行,可

見,動物們不缺少經驗,故排除C;而文中第二段第四句和第五句指出小豬們是領

導者,作者也說他們非常聰明,指揮得當,故D也應排除。

13、WhatattitudedoesthedonkeyholdtowardstheRebellion?

A、Pessimistic.

B、Wait-and-see.

C、Fervent.

D、Sarcastic.

標準答案:B

知識點解析:態度題。由題干關鍵詞donkey定位至原文最后一段最后五句。日定

位句可知,驢子在勞動中的表現是一如既往,對造反前后的變化不發表意見,別人

問他是否感到更幸福,他說驢子的壽命很長,潛在的意思是時間還長,造反后是否

更好現在還言之過早。由此可以推知,他的態度應該是觀望,故B為答案。驢子

對造反沒有明確表過態,行為也和造反前沒有什么變化,可見,驢子既不悲觀也不

興奮,也沒有予以諷刺,因此排除A、C和D。

(1)Noteveryself-drivingcarcompanyisahi-tcchunicorneagertodisruptthestatus

quo.Thelatestfirmtoinvitejournaliststoexperienceitsautonomoustechnologyisthe

epitomeoftraditionalcarmanufacturing:Ford.(2)OnitssprawlingcampusinDearborn,

Michigan,thecentury-oldcompanyistryingitshardesttolookandactlikeanewstartup.

InMarch,FordlaunchedasubsidiarycalledFordSmartMobility(FSM)todevelopin-

carconnectivity,ride-sharingandautonomoustechnologies.FSMisdesignedtocompete

likeastartup,withtheaimoftranslatingFord'sdecadeofworkinautonomoussystems

intorealproducts.Atitsfirstpublicautonomousvehicledemos,youngengineersand

entrepreneurswereenthusedaboutreinventingourtraffic-cloggedcities.(3)"We're

rethinkingourentirebusinessmodel,"saidMarkFields,Ford'sCEO."It'snolonger

abouthowmanyvehicleswecansell.It'saboutwhatserviceswecanprovide.We

understandthattheworldhaschangedfromamindsetofowningvehiclestooneof

owningandsharingthem.*'Thathasledtosomequirky(古怪的)investments,suchas

Ford'sacquisitionlastweekofaSanFrancisco-basedcrowdsharingshuttlebusstartup

calledChariot,andapartnershiptoprovidethecitywiththousandsofhuman-powered

bikesforaride-sharingscheme.(4)ButwhileFord'scarsalesarefairlyhealthytoday,

Fieldsforeseesaworldtransformedbydriverlesscars,Uberandclimatechange."You

couldarguethatinmajorcities,vehicledensitywilldropbecauseofautomatedvehicles

andcongestioncharges.Somecitiesmightevenoutlawpersonaluseofvehicles."Oneof

Ford'sstrategiestocopewiththisistoaccelerateitseffortstowardsafullyautonomous

car.FieldsnowsaysFordwillhaveacompletelyself-drivingcar,withoutasteering

wheel,anacceleratororpedals,inproductionby2021.Itwillinitiallybeusedonlyfor

robotictaxiservicesinrestrictedurbanareasbutshouldbeavailableforconsumersto

purchasebythemiddleofthedecade.(5)Ford'snewfoundconfidenceinself-drivingcars

comesjustasthetechnology'spioneersarestrugglingtomaturebeyondthissamegee-

whizenthusiasm.Google'sself-drivingproject,perennially(永久地)poisedtobespun

oulintoaseparatecompany,recentlylostkeymembers,whileAppleisrumoredtohave

laidoffdozensofengineersandscaledbackitsambitiousplanstobuilditsown

autonomousvehicle.(6)ButotherrivalsstillseemyearsaheadofFord.Uberis

beginningadriverlesstaxipilotinPittsburghthisweek(albeitwithahumansafety

driver),andstartupNutonomyisalreadyofferingrobotictaxiridesinSingapore.To

judgebyMonday'sdemos,ontheotherhand,Ford'sself-drivingFusionsarcstillspooked

(驚嚇)bybushesgrowingtooclosetotheroadandparalyzedwithindecisionwhen

confrontedwithpedestrianswhomayormaynotbeabi)uttostepoffthepavement.(7)

Itsfleetofdevelopmentcars,currentlyjust10strong,looksthincomparedwithGoogle's

dozensofcarsoperatingacrosstheU.S.,orthethousandsofautopilot-enabledTeslas

gatheringmillionsofmilesofreal-worlddatamonthly.Fordaimstohave30autonomous

Fusionsbytheendof2016,andabout100bytheendof2017.(8)ButalthoughFordmay

appeartobelaggingbehind,ithasbeenworkingquietlybehindthescenes.Severalself-

drivingstartups,includingUber,FaradayFutureandAutonomouStuff,arealreadyusing

FordFusions(oritsnearequivalent,theLincolnMKZ)todeveloptheirown

technologies."It'stheabsolutebestvehiclerightnowfortestingself-driving/'says

BobbyHambrick,CEOofAutonomouStuff,acompanydevelopingretro-fitautomated

drivingkits."Therearenoothercarmakersthataresoopentoworkthroughthirdparties

likeus.H(9)Fieldsalsopointstothemultinational'scompetenciesinbuildingandselling

vehicles."We'vebeenworkingonautonomousvehiclesforover10years,"hesaid.,And

for100years,we'vebuilthigh-volumeproductwithqualityandaffordability.n(10)

Fieldsfinishedhiskeynoteaddressbypredictingthatautonomousvehicleswillhaveas

biganimpactonsocietyasHenryFord'smovingassemblylinedidacenturyago.Hewill

behopingthatFordwillstillbearoundtocelebratethecentenaryoftheautonomouscar.

14^Ford'sstrategiesinlinewiththetraffic-jammedworldincludeallthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A、investingintosomeeccentricinventions

B、transferringitsoperationconception

C^hasteningitsdevelopmentofautonomousvehicles

D、gettinginvolvedinsomesharingprojects

標準答案:A

知識點解析:細節題。根據題干關鍵詞[raffic-jammed定位至原文笫二段末尾。作

者在此提到福特致力于重塑交通擁堵的城市,其后的第三段第一至四句引用其首席

執行官的原話,指出福特的經營理念由關注銷售轉為注重服務,該段第五句則提到

了福特參與的一些分享型公共交通項目,A“投資一些稀奇古怪的發明”是對第三段

第五句的曲解,原文的意思是福特做了一些看起來與其業務關聯不大的,看似古怪

的投資,故A為本題答案。B和D是福特應對交通擁堵的策略;而在第四段第四

句中作者明確提到,應對交通需求變化的一個策略是加速研發全自動汽車,故C

也符合文義。

15、WhichofthefollowingcanweinferaboutthestatusofFord'sself^drivingscheme?

A^Itisfarbehinditsrivalsintechnology.

Ithasmadeabreakthroughincertainaspects.

C^Ilisanimpulsiveactivitywithoutmaturedesign.

D^Itisrestrictedinasmall-scaletrialoperation.

標準答案:B

知識點解析:推斷題。本題需要依據全文主要信息推斷。文章從第二段至倒數第二

段均在說明福特無人駕駛項目的情況,其中在第八段中提到,福特的無人駕駛項目

雖然看似落后于對手,但一些該領域的先驅企業卻選用了它的重要部件,并對它的

服務表示了肯定。可見,它在某些領域還是實現了突破,故B為答案。A“在技術

方面遠遠落后于其競爭對手”是對第八段第一句的曲解,原文是一個轉折句,前半

句說福特看似落在后面,但卻做了很多幕后工作,可見,福特并非真正落后,故排

除A;第五段第一句提到,福特對進入無人駕駛汽車市場的信心來自于先驅們已經

在狂熱之后走向了成熟,可見,它的全自動項目不是一時沖動的決定,因此排除

C;第七段開頭雖然提到福特全自動項目目前規模較小,但是也提到了它在未來幾

年中迅速擴大的計劃,故D也應排除。

16、What'stheauthor'sattitudetotheprospectofFord'sautonomouscarproject?

A、Utterlyoptimistic.

B、Fairlypessimistic.

C、Basicallyneutral.

D、Somewhatperplexed.

標準答案:C

知識點解析:態度題。解答本題需綜合全文信息。作者開篇提出話題,即老牌汽車

企業福特研發無人駕駛新項目,隨后介紹了它的研發理念、戰略和一些技術發展情

況,其中也將其與同領域的競爭對手相比較,分析了它的優劣,結尾部分簡單引用

了福特首席執行官的觀點。盡管福特當家人對這個項目表現得自信滿滿,但作者在

行文中還是十分客觀地分析了福特面臨的挑戰和問題,當然同時也指出了它的優

勢。可見,作者大致還是持不偏不倚的態度,因此C為答案。問題和優勢兼顧。

挑戰與機遇并存,這是作者在文章中明確表現出來的,因此A和B均可排除;作

者從基本情況的介紹到競爭優劣的分析均井井有條,沒有表現出疑惑,故排除D。

17、Whichcategoryofwritingdocsthepassagebelongto?

A、Narration.

Exposition.

C、Persuasion.

D、Description.

標準答案:B

知識點解析:體裁題。從全文的整體內容考慮,作者主要是介紹了福特公司建立新

項目,研發無人駕駛汽車的基本情況,同時也順帶介紹了它的主要競爭對手的狀

況,以分析和解釋福特新項目面臨的挑戰和機遇,最后引用該公司首席執行官的話

進行結篇。從核心意義和寫作手法考慮,作者都是在力圖說明一件事,囚此答案為

Bo文章并沒有從頭到尾介紹一個完整事件或是詳細描述某個事物,因此排除A和

D:作者雖然進行了一些分析,也引用了一些觀點,但并未明確表明自己的立場和

確立自己的論點,C不符合題意,故排除。

(1)Therobotsinmoviesandsciencefictionbooksthatriseuptotakeovertheworld

generallyareabletodosobecausewehaveplacedtheminchargeofmissiles,defense

systemsandothermilitarytechnology.(2)Weneverseeadisgruntled(不滿的,不高興

的),order-takingbotworkingatMcDonald'sorDomino'scastoffitsvirtualhairnetto

gainsentienceandoverthrowitsfast-foodoverlord.Butfastfood,alongwithshipping

warehouses,hasbecomeahotbedfbrrobotsandotherautomatedtechnology.

McDonald'shasbeentestingorderingkiosks,Domino'shasnumerouswaystoplacean

orderthatdonotinvolvetalkingwithahumanbeing,andStarbuckshasusedtechnology

toshiftemployeesawayfromordertakingtoputthemintoproduction.Itmaynotbea

fantasticUtopiawhereRosiefromTheJetsonsdoesourlaundry,butrobot/automated

technologyhasclearlyinfiltrated(潛入,滲入)fastfood.(3)Il'snotaquestionof

whetherautomationwillcome;it'soneofwhetheritwillmakestoresmoreefficientor

allowthemtogetridofhumanworkers.Starbucks,forexample,hasusedautomationto

allowittomoveworkersintomakingdrinksratherthantakingorders,butithasnotyet

cutitsworkforceinanymeaningfulway.(4)CollegeRecruiter,corn'sStevenRothberg,

whosecompanyworkstofindjobsforstudentsandcollegegraduates,believesthatfast-

foodrobotsarecoming,buthedoesnotthinktheywillsupplanttraditionalworkers."

Manyofthestudentsandsomeoftherecentgradswhouseoursitearcemployedbyfast

foodrestaurants,'*hesaid."There'snodoubtthatautomationwillcontinuetoimpactthe

numberandtypesofjobsinfastfoodrestaurantsbutIdon'tbuytheargumentthat

automatedmethodswillreplacehumanworkersinfastfoodrestaurants.Justlookat

banks.HaveATMsreducedtheneedforhumantellers?Absolutely.ButhaveATMs

comeclosetoeliminatingtheneedforhumantellers?Absolutelynot.n(5)Timothy

Carone,anITprofessor,believesthatautomationwillhappeninrestaurants,butnot

quicklyornecessarilytothedetriment(傷害,損害)offlesh-and-bloodworkers.The

professordoesbelievethatthepathtowardrobotworkerswillbeaslowone.Hesaidthat

theideathatrestaurantsareautomatingduetolaborcostsisonlypartiallytrue.(6)"

Automationwouldoccuratmuchlowerlaborcoststhanexisttodayorinthefuturebut

automationcostsmoney,'hesaid,notingthattheexpensewilllowerovertime.nWhcthcr

arestaurantbecomespartiallyorfullyautomatedshoulddependonitscustomersand

locations.Fast-foodfranchiseslocatedanywherearefindingtheircustomersvalue

automation.Restaurantsatairportsorsimilarlocationsthatprovideacaptiveaudience

butnoloyaltyexceptforbrandloyaltywillfindautomationnecessaryandvaluedby

customers-fasterisbetter."(7)DonaldMazzela,aboardmemberofthenonprofit

NationalRoboticsEducationFoundation,saidhisgrouphasbeenlookingattheissueof

robotsinrestaurantsforthreeyears,notingthatroboticinteractionisbeingtaughtin

culinary(烹飪的)andhospitalitycoursesthroughouttheworld."Inourlateststudy,we

estimatetheaveragefastfoodestablishmentwillswitch1.2workersfromcounter

servicetoothertasksasremoteordertaking,deliverybyroboticapplicationsgrow,"he

wrote.(8)Heexpectsthetippingpointwillbeby2025.Theindustry,heexplained,needs

timetoeducatecustomers,butthatwillhappen,hesaid,becausethebenefitsaresimply

toostrong.Hecitedmachinescountingchange,sensors,andothertoolsmakinginventory

(庫存;*青單)morepreciseandtheabilitytorelayordersdirectlytotheprepareaasa

waytodecreasewaste.It'sgoingtobeagradualchange,butifsgoingtohappen,

Mazzelawrote.(9)AchangeiscomingandFredGoff,CEOofJobcase,asocialmedia

platformhelpingworkerswithoutcollegedegreesfindmeaningfuljobs,believesworkers

shouldembraceit.Hesaidthatrobotswillperformsomejobstypicallydonebyhumans,

butthatwillalsocreateopportunityforflesh-and-bloodworkers.nConcernsabout

technologydisplacingjobshasbeenaconstantLudditethemethroughouttheInformation

Revolution,andinfactsincetheIndustrialRevolution,'hewrote.Goffexplainedinhis

emailthatinabroadsensetechnologytendstocreatemoreopportunitythanitdisplaces.

(10)"Itisnottobefeared,butitmustbemanaged,"hewrote."Thechallenge—and

opportunity—forworkersisforpeopletotakecontroloftheirownwork-lifeand

navigatethepositiveimpactssothattheyaren'toverwhelmedbythenegativeimpactsof

technologicalprogress.Keepopentochangeandkeepmovingforward."

18、Theauthorsuggeststhatautomationwillhumanworkforce.

A、substitute

B、harass

C、surpass

D、reforge

標準答案:D

知識點解析:推斷題。本題的解答需綜合文章第三段之后各段的主要信息。關于自

動化對人力資源的影響,作者從第三段起提出討論,并在隨后各段引用了相關專家

的觀點。由第四段可知,自動化不會消除對人力的需求,第五段指出它未必會危害

到人類雇員,但是從第三段和第七段中都可看出自動化會讓人類工人轉崗,工作性

質發生變化,文章最后一段也提出工人們要學會應對變化并不斷進步。可見,自動

化對人力資源的性質和結構有重塑的作用,故D為答案。第五段第一句明確說明

自動化不一定會危害到人類工人,故排除B;第四段和第九段都提到自動化不會取

代人工,故A與原文不符,也應排除;至于自動化會超越人類,這個說法只是作

者用于引入話題的調侃,對兩者關系的論述并沒有提到這一點,故排除C。

19、AccordingtoCarone,restaurantsthatmaybepioneersinthepathto

automation.

A、havenewwaystoeducatecustomers

B、providevaluedserviceforcustomers

C^don'iexpectregularcustomers

D、wishtogreatlyreducelaborcosts

標準答案:C

知識點露析:推斷題。眼據題干中的人名關鍵詞Carone定位至文章第五段和第六

段。在第六段中,卡羅內說處于機場等類似場所的餐廳會更傾向于發展自動化技

術,因為速度是它們最需要追求的。而這類餐廳的客戶特點是“非情愿”,即由于時

間和可選范圍的限制不得已登門光顧,最多只有品牌忠誠度,而對某個特定的營業

點沒有特定喜好,很難成為“回頭客”,故C為答案。相關段落沒有提到是否有辦

法教育消費者的問題,故排除A;B是對原文第六段最后一句的曲解.,原文的意思

是客戶最注重的就是速度,一定要快,故排除;降低人工成本是每一個使用自動化

的餐廳共同的目的之一,不能說明哪類餐廳會更青睞于使用自動化,故排除D。

20、Attheendofthepassage,Goffurgedtheworkerstodothefollowing

EXCEPT.

A^toeliminateunnecessaryanxiety

B>toredesigntheircareers

C、tolearntoharnesstherobots

D^toadapttothesituation

標準答案:C

知識點露斤:細節題。根據題干提示定位至文章最后一段。該段引用了一個人力資

源網站首席執行它戈夫的話,他對工人們提出了一些建議,這包括第一句中的“不

必要擔心”、第二句中提到的“控制自己的職業生涯”和最后一句中提到的“隨時準

備應對變化“。可見,A、B和D都是戈夫敦促工人們做的事情,均應排除。而戈

夫要求工人們學會駕馭的不是機器人,而是自動化帶來的正面影響,故C與原文

不符,為本題答案。

三、簡答題(本題共5題,每題分,共5分。)

PassageOne

21、Howcanwedescribethoseanimalsengagedinhardwork?

標準答案:Enthusiastic,cheerful,responsibleandunited.

知識點解析:語義題。原文對于勞動場面的描寫主要集中在第二段和第三段。每一

個動物都盡心盡力。各盡其職,連小動物都很負責任地把田里的草梗一根不漏地撿

回來。動物們克服了很多困難,獲得了前所未有的大豐收,他們過得十分幸福,且

沒有偷吃的,能夠做到顆粒歸公,故答案為“Enthusiastic,cheerful,responsible

andunited.”。

22、WhattypeofpeopleinhumansocietymayMollieandthecatsymbolize?

標準答案:Thosewhoalwaystakeadvantageofthemoment./Thosewhoare

opportunistic.

知識點解析:推斷題。由題干關鍵詞Mollieandthecat定位到原文最后一段第五句

至第九句。定位句指出,茉莉不肯按時起床,有些偷懶,并且還使用心計,說有石

頭夾在蹄子里,于是提前下工;而貓則會在有拈兒要干的時候失蹤,泡兒一千完,

她就若無其事地回來了,并且會為自己的行為找到適當的借口。這樣的表現即影射

人類社會中那些投機取巧的人,故答案為“Thosewhoalwaystakeadvantageofthe

moment.”或“Thosewhoareopportunistic.

PassageTwo

23、Whatdoestheword"That"inPara.3referto?

標準答案:TheDewbusinessconceptofFord'sCEO.

知識點解析?:語義題。由題干提示定位到原文第三段第五句。該句提到“這引發了

一些離奇古怪的投資……”對于代詞that的理解則需要回溯到前面的內容。由該段

前四句可以推知,福特首席執行官馬克.菲爾茨對于整體商業模式的重新考慮和思

維模式的轉變導致了福特進行一些看似奇怪的投資,故答案為“TheDewbusiness

conceptofFord'sCEO.

PassageThree

24、WhatdoesMazzelameanbysaying"thetippingpointwillbeby2025"inPara.8?

標準答案:Realautomationinthefast-foodindustrywillcomeby2025.

知識點解析:細節題。由題干提示定位到原文第八段第一句。原文第七、八段引用

了非營利組織國家自動叱教育基金會革事會成員梅佐拉的觀點。第七段指出自動化

正在發展的過程之中,隨后說臨界點將要到來,而在第八段中比較明確地說明了這

個臨界點指的是餐廳能夠利用自動化提高工作效率和產能。可見,這個臨界點指的

是快餐業真正的自動化變革,故答案為"Realautomationinthefast-foodindustrywill

comeby2025.

25、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

標準答案:AreRobotsTakingOverFastFoodRestaurants?

知識點解析:主旨題。解答本題需綜合全文信息。文章先用小說、電影中關于機器

人占領世界的橋段作為引子,之后介紹了一些快餐業近期探索使用自動化技術的情

況,提出對自動化是否會完全取代人類工人的討論,并在文章的后半部分大量引用

了求職、教育等不同領域多個專家的看法,闡明在快餐業,自動化一定會有深入發

展,但不會取代人類工人的論點。因此,標題可以總結為“機器人是否會占領快餐

廳?”,與開篇的風格保持一致,故答案為“ArcRobotsTakingOverFastFood

Restaurants?”。

專業英語四級(閱讀)模擬試卷第2套

一、選擇題(本題共70題,每題1.0分,共70分。)

(1)EdnaO'BrienhaslivedinLondonforafewdecades,butshespeaks,asshewrites,in

avoiceinflectedwiththerhythmsandaccentsofthewestofIreland,whereshegrewup.

Shecallsherself"anexile(放逐者)",likehergreatliteraryforebears,JoyceandBeckett,

whomshereveres,andpointsoutthatexiles"tendnottogoback',."TheplaceIgrewup

inismyimagery,mygeographyofmindandpen,"shesays."Buttolivethereagain..."

Uncharacteristically(II洞尋常地),sheleavesthethoughtuncompleted,preferringto

directmetothefinalsceneofhernewmemoir,CountryGirl,inwhichshemeetsan

IrishwomaninthestreetwhotellsheraboutherauntinDublinbeforeadding,"Butwe

liveherenow."O'Brienagrees-."'Wedo,'Isaid,anditwasasifthetwocountries

warredandjostledandmadefriends,insideme,likethetwohalvesofmywarringself.”

(2)Formostofthelatterhalfofherexile-some25years一O'Brienhaslivedina"book-

laden"houseinthecosmopolitandistrictofKnightsbridge,afive-minutewalkfrom

Harrods,London'smostfamousdepartmentstore.ExpensivesportscarsandSUVsline

thepavements,andtheshopsarcexclusiveboutiques,whicharcthefavoriteof

fashionableelegantladies.Mostofthehouseshavestepsleadinguptoglossyfrontdoors,

butO'Brien'sisreachedbyadarkalleythatrunstoasideentrance.Amongthemoneyed

anonymityoftheneighborhood,itfeelssetapart.Thereisaleather-boundeditionof

Shakespear

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