專業英語八級模擬試卷10（共9套）

（共566題）

專業英語八級模擬試卷第1套

一、聽力復合式聽寫（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共

70分。）

Note-takinginLecturesForlisteners,note-rakingisanessentialwaytoachievebetter

understandingofalecture.Itinvolvesmanyseparateskills,fourofwhichwillbe

analyzedhere.I.Understandwhat(1)says.[1]I.severestrain:2reasons一

word(2)inspeech.[2]—newwords2.solution:concentrateonwhataremost

importantII.Sortoutthemainpoints.1.focusonthetitle:writedownthetitle(3)and

completely.[3]2.beawareofsignalsofwhatisimportantorunimportant,

signalsindicatingimportance:一(4)[4]一speakslowlyorloudly一usea

greaterrangeofintonation—employacombinationofthedevicesSignals(5)[5]

—deliversentencesquickly,softly—useanarrowrangeofintonation一use

(6)pauses[6]HI.Writedown(7)quicklyandclearly.[7]1.use

abbreviation2.selectwordsthatgive(8)(nouns,verbs,adjectives)[8]3.write

onepointoneachline4.findtimetowrite(9)[9]IV.Showtheconnections

betweenthevariouspointsthelistenershasnoted.1.usespacing,underlining,(10).

[10]2.numberpoints

1、[1]

標準答案：thelecturer

知識點解析：暫無解析

2、[2]

標準答案:recognition

知識點解析：暫無解析

3、[3]

標準答案：accurately

知識點解析：暫無解析

4、[4]

標準答案：pause

知識點解析：暫無解析

5、[5]

標準答案：indicatingunimporlance

知識點解析：暫無解析

6、[6]

標準答案：shortorinfrequent

知識點解析：暫無解析

7、[7]

標準答案：themainpoints

知識點解析：暫無解析

8、[8]

標準答案：maximuminformation

知識點解析：暫無解析

9、[9]

標準答案：thenotes

知識點解析：暫無解析

10、[10]

標準答案：conventionalsymbols

知識點解析：暫無解析

二、聽力對話組題（本題共5題，每題1.0分，共5

分。）

11、AccordingtoKelvin,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A、Customersgotothebartobuytheirdrinks.

B、Customershavetoqueuefordrinksatthebar.

C^Customershavetowaitforsomeonetotaketheirorders.

D、Awaitressnormallycomestothetablestotakeordersormoney.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

12、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheserviceatabar?

A、Acustomerhastotipthewaitress.

B、Acustomerhastopayeachtimehegetsdrinks.

CNAcustomerhastopayforallthedrinkswhenheisleaving.

D、Acustomerhastositatthetabletowaitfbrtheirturntobeserved.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

13、ThefollowingareservedinpubsEXCEPT.

A、alcoholics

B、spirits

C、fruitjuices

D、milk

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

14、AccordingtoKelvin,cordialsreferto.

A、carbonatedwater

B、softdrinks

C^strongandsweetdrinks

D^mineralwater

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

15、WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEofVAT?

A、VATistheacronymofValueAddedTax.

B、VATisataxchargedonmostgoodsinBritain.

C>VATisnotchargedondifferentservicesinBritain.

D、AforeignercangetVATbackwhenheleavesBritainundertheRetailExport

Scheme.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

三、聽力新聞（本題共5題，每題7.0分，共5分。）

16、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecaseisTRUE?

A、TommySuhartowassentencedto15yearsinprisonforthemurderofajudge.

B、Prosecutorshavedecidedagainstdemandingaharshersentence.

C、Theverdictwillbehandeddowninaweek'stime.

D、SomelegalexpertsdoubtaboutTommySuharto'shonesty.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

17、In2000,TommySuhartowasconvictedfor

A、murder.

B>dishonesty.

C、corruption.

D^bribery.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

18、WhoareNOTmentionedaspeoplemorelikelytobeexposedtolead?

A、Automobilemechanics.

B、Painters.

C、Waiters.

D、Heavyequipmentmechanics.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

19>Wijngaardcnwillfurtherfocushisresearchonwhether

A、thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweenhighlevelsofleadanddeath.

thepatientswithbraintumorshavehigherlevelsofleadintheirbones.

C>someworkershavehigherrisksofdevelopingbraincancersthanothers.

D、higherlevelsofleadhavealong-termeffectonchildrenoveralifetime.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

20、AllofthefollowingaremeasuressuggestedbyBushEXCEPT

A^developingandutilizingnewsourcesofenergy.

B、reducingtaxesontheworkingpeopleoftheUS.

C、encouragingtodesignandcreatenewtypesofvehicles.

D^cuttingdownUSoilimportsfromcertaincountries.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

四、常規閱讀理解（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共20

分。）

"Leavehimalone"IyelledasIwalkedoutoftheorphanagegateandsawseveralofthe

SpringParkSchoolbulliespushingthedeafkidaround.Ididnotknowtheboyatallbut

Iknewthatwewereaboutthesameage,becauseofhissize.Helivedintheoldwhite

houseacrossthestreetfromtheorphanagewhereIlived.Ihadseenhimonhisfront

porchseveraltimesdoingabsolutelynothing,exceptjustsittingtheremakingfunnylike

handmovements.Inthesummertimewedidn'tgetmuchtoeatforSundaysupper,

exceptwatermelonandthenwehadtoeatitoutsidebehindthediningroomsowewould

notmakeamessonthetablesinside.AbouttheonlytimethatIwouldseehimwas

throughthehighchain-linkfencethatsurroundedtheorphanagewhenweateour

watermelonoutside.Thedeafkidstartedmakingallkindsofhandsignals,realfastlike.

"Youareastupididiot!"saidthebiggerofthetwobulliesashepushedtheboydownon

theground.Theotherbullyranaroundbehindtheboyandkickedhimashardashecould

intheback.Tiledeafboy'sbodystartedshakingalloverandhecurledupinaballtrying

toshieldandhidehisface.Helookedlikehewastryingtocry,orsomethingbuthejust

couldn'tmakeanysounds.IranasfastasIcouldbackthroughtheorphanagegateand

intothethickazaleabushes.Iuncoveredmyhome-madebowwhichIhadconstructed

outofbambooandstring.Igrabbedfourarrowsthatwerealsomadeofbambooandthey

hadCocaColatopsbentaroundtheendstomakerealsharptips.ThenIranbackoutof

thegatewithanarrowcockedinthebowandIjuststoodtherequietlike,breathingreal

hardjustdaringeitheroneofthemtokickortouchtheboyagain."You'readumbfreak

justlikehim,youbigearedcreep!"saidoneoftheboysashegrabbedhisfriendand

backedofffarenoughsothatthearrowwouldnothitthem.HIfyou'resobravekickhim

againnow,"Isaid,shakinglikealeaf.Thebiggerofthetwobulliesranupandkickedthe

deafboyinthemiddleofhisbackashardashecouldandthenheranoutofarrowrange

again.TheboyjerkedaboutandthenmadeasoundthatIwillneverforgetforaslongas

Ilive.Itwasthesoundlikeawhalemakeswhenithasbeenharpoonedandknowsthatit

isabouttodie.Ifiredallfourofmyarrowsatthetwobulliesastheyranawaylaughing

aboutwhattheyhaddone.Ipulledtheboyupoffthegroundandhelpedhimbacktohis

housewhichwasabouttwoblocksdownthestreetfromtheschoolbuilding.Theboy

madeoneofthosehandsignsatmeasIwasabouttoleave.Iaskedhissister"Ifyour

brotherissosmartthenwhyishedoingthingslikethatwithhishands?"Shetoldmethat

hewassayingthathelovedmewithhishands.AlmosteverySundayforthenextyearor

twoIcouldseetheboythroughthechain-linkfenceasweatewatermelonoutsidebehind

thediningroom,duringthesummertime.Healwaysmadethatsamefunnyhandsignat

meandIwouldjustwavebackathim,notknowingwhatelsetodo.Onmyverylastday

intheorphanageIwasbeingchasedbythepolice.TheytoldmethatIwasbeingsentoff

totheFloridaSchoolforBoysReformSchoolatMariannasoIrantogetawayfrom

them.TheychasedmearoundthediningroombuildingseveraltimesandfinallyImadea

dashforthechain-linkfenceandtriedtoclimboverinordertoescape.Isawthedeafboy

sittingthereonhisporchjustlookingatmeastheypulledmedownfromthefenceand

handcuffedme.Theboy,nowabouttwelvejumpedupandranacrossSanDiegoRoad,

placedhisfingersthroughthechain-linkfenceandjuststoodtherelookingatus.They

draggedmebymylegs,screamingandyellingfbrmorethanseveralhundredyards

throughthedirtandpine-strawtothewailingpolicecar.AllIcouldheartheentirelime

wasthehighpitchedsoundofthatwhalebeingharpoonedagain.

21>Itcanbeinibrredthatthedeafboy'slifeintheorphanagewas

A、simpleandtranquil.

B、monotonousandhard.

C、quietandenigmatic.

D、boisterousandhard.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干中的orphanage定位至首段。末句提到了thedeafboy

的生活:...doingabsolutelynothing,exceptjustsittingtheremakingfunnylikehand

movements,可見其生活單調。第二段首句提到Inihesummertimewedidn'tget

muchtocatforSundaysupper,exceptwatermelon,可見生活艱苦，B符合文意，故

為答案。從幾個孩子欺負ihedeafboy這個情節來看，生活并不平靜，排除A和

CoD中“喧鬧的”也不符合文意。

22>ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasallEXCEPT

A、compassionate.

B、dauntless.

C^docile.

D、dexterous.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節題。了據題目順序定位至第二、四段。第四段描寫作者看到the

deafkid受到欺負后的反應：IranasfastasIcould...uncoveredmyhome-made

bow...,可見他具有同情心，A符合文意。該段第二句指出…myhome-madebow

whichIhadconstructedoutofbambooandstring,說明作者手很靈巧，D符合文意。

第五段中作者面對兩個孩子的挑釁不為所動，堅持幫助thedeafkid,說明他很勇

敢，B符合文意。只有C“馴服的、溫順的”沒有根據，故為答案。

23、Theauthorwaswhenhetriedtoprotectthedeafkidagainstthetwobullies.

A、abouttenyearsold

B、notquiteaboutten

C、inhislateteens

D、inhistwenties

標準答案：A

知識點解析：推斷題。艱據題目順序定位至第五段后內容，迅速瀏覽各段。因為首

段第二句指出作者和這個孩子年齡相仿，如果能夠找到那個耳聾男孩的年齡，就可

以知道作者的年齡。末段第五句提到：Theboy,nowabouttwelvejumpedupand

ranacrossSanDiegoRoad。又由第八段首句"AlmosieverySundayfbrthenextyearor

twoIcouldseetheboy...”可知，作者幫助小男孩的事件發生在一、二年前，當時作

者和小男孩的年齡是10歲、II歲的樣子,A為答案0

24、Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably

A、TheWretchedLife.

B、TheOrphanageBullies.

C、TheDeafKid.

D、TheWhaleSound.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：主旨題。本文敘述了作者和孤兒院里一個耳聾的小男孩的故事。B為

開篇提到的部分內容，不全面。本文沒有描述孤兒院的生活多么凄慘，排除A。C

具有強干擾性，但文章主要人物是作者和耳聾的小男孩兩個人，C不全面。第六段

第二句描述小男孩在被欺負時發出的聲音：wasthesoundlikeawhalemakes...末

段在作者被帶離孤兒院時又聽到這種聲音：thehighpitchedsoundofthatwhale

beingharpooned,可見這個聲音是貫穿全文的，故D為答案。

In1981KenjiUrada,a37-year-oldJapanesefactoryworker,climbedoverasafetyfence

ataKawasakiplanttocarryoutsomemaintenanceworkonarobot.Inhishaste,he

failedtoswitchtherobotoffproperly.Unabletosensehim,therobot'spowerful

hydraulicarmkeptonworkingandaccidentallypushedtheengineerintoagrinding

machine.HisdeathmadeUradathefirstrecordedvictimtodieatthehandsofarobot.

Thisastoundingindustrialaccidentwouldnothavehappenedinaworldinwhichrobot

behaviorwasgovernedbytheThreeLawsofRoboticsdrawnupbyIsaacAsimov,a

sciencefictionwriter.ThelawsappearedinI,Robot,abookofshortstoriespublishedin

1950thatinspiredaHollywoodfilm.Butdecadeslaterthelaws,designedtoprevent

robotsfromharmingpeopleeitherthroughactionorinaction,remainintherealmof

fiction.Withrobotsnowpoisedtoemergefromtheirindustrialcagesandtomoveinto

homesandworkplaces,roboticistsareconcernedaboutthesafetyimplicationsbeyond

thefactoryHoor.Toaddresstheseconcerns,leadingrobotexpertshavecometogetherto

trytofindwaystopreventrobotsfromharmingpeople,"Security,safetyandsexarethe

bigconcerns,"saysHenrikChristensen,chairmanoftheEuropeanRoboticsNetworkat

theSwedishRoyalInstituteofTechnologyinStockholm,andoneoftheorganisersofthe

newrobocthicsgroup.Shouldrobotsthatarestrongenoughorheavyenoughtocrush

peoplebeallowedintohomes?Shouldroboticsexdollsresemblingchildrenbelegally

allowed?Thesequestionsmayseemesotericbutinthenextfewyearstheywillbecome

increasinglyrelevant,saysDr.Christensen.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsEconomic

CommissionforEurope'sWorldRoboticsSurvey,in2002thenumberofdomesticand

servicerobotsmorethantripled,nearlyoutstrippingtheirindustrialcounterparts.

Japaneseindustrialfirmsareracingtobuildhumanoidrobotstoactasdomestichelpers

fortheelderly,andSouthKoreahassetagoalthat100%ofhouseholdsshouldhave

domesticrobotsby2020.Inlightofallthis,itiscrucialthatwcstarttothinkaboutsafety

andethicalguidelinesnow,saysDr.Christensen.Sowhatexactlyisbeingdonetoprotect

usfromthesemechanicalmenaces?"Notenough/'saysBlayWhitby,anartificial-

intelligenceexpertattheUniversityofSussexinEngland.Thisishardlysurprisinggiven

thatthefieldof"safety-criticalcomputing"isbarelyadecadeold,hesays.Butthingsare

changing,andresearchersareincreasinglytakinganinterestintryingtomakerobots

safer.Oneapproach,whichsoundssimpleenough,istotrytoprogramthemtoavoid

contactwithpeoplealtogether.Butthisismuchharderthanitsounds.Gettingarobotto

navigateacrossaclutteredroomisdifficultenoughwithouthavingtotakeintoaccount

whatitsvariouslimbsorappendagesmightbumpintoalongtheway.Regulatingthe

behaviorofrobotsisgoingtobecomemoredifficultinthefuture,sincetheywill

increasinglyhaveself-learningmechanismsbuiltintothem,saysGianmarcoVeruggio,a

roboticistattheInstituteofIntelligentSystemsforAutomationinGenoa,Italy.Asa

result,theirbehaviorwillbecomeimpossibletopredictfully,hesays,sincetheywillnot

bebehavinginpredefinedwaysbutwilllearnnewbehaviorastheygo.

25、Theword"astounding"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto

A、gullible.

awesome.

C、gruesome.

D^stupendous.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：語義題。由題干定位至第二段。首段描述1981年一個日本工程師為

了維修工廠的機器人，被機器人推入粉碎機，不幸身亡的事故。末句指出His

deathmadeUradathefirstrecordedvictimtodieatthehandsofarobot,既然是第一例

事件，按常理會引起人們震驚，故C為答案。A“輕信的”及D“極好的”不符合語

境,排除。B意為“敬畏的”，含有“尊敬”之意，排除。

26、Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat

A、IsaacAsimovwillmakenewlawstoreplacetheoldones.

theThreeLawsofRoboticshavebeeninvalidated.

C、thebook1,RobotwaspublishedinHollywood.

D、IsaacAsimovhasshiftedhisattentiontofilms.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干定位至第二段。末句指出：但是兒十年之后，這些旨

在防止機器人傷人的法律仍只存在于小說中。B符合文意，故為答案。第二句提到

好萊塢最近根據這本書新拍了一部電影，但并沒有說此書是在好萊塢出版的，C與

文意不符，排除。

27、Accordingtothepassage,domesticrobotswill

A、hewelcomedbyhousewives.

B、surelygointoeveryhousehold.

C、helppeoplealotwiththeirhousework.

D^helppeoplewithmanualandmentalwork.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節題。由題干中的domesticrobots定位至第四段。第三句指出

Japaneseindustrialfirmsareracingtobuildhumanoidrobotstoactasdomestic

helper...,既然日本企業在爭先恐后地生產家用機器人，自然會為人們的家務勞動

提叔很大幫助，C符合文意，故為答案。該句后面提到SouthKoreahassetagoal

that100%ofhouseholdsshouldhavedomesticrobotsby2020,這只是一個目標而

己，B為絕對項，排除。A和D未提及，排除。

28、BlayWhitbythinksthat"safety-criticalcomputing"

A、isinitsinfancy.

B、hasitsheyday.

C、undergoesrapiddevelopment.

D^canhardlybeimproved.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節題。由題干中的B【ayWhitby定位至第五段。第三句提到the

fieldofvsafety-criticalcomputing"isbarelyadecadeold,這說明其發展時間很短，還

不到10年。此外，從第二句中的回答“Notenough”和第三句中的Thisishardly

surprising,說明在如此短的時間內，safely-crilicalcompuling發展得還不夠好，絲

亳不足為奇，由此可以壟斷該技術仍處于初期階段，A符合文意，故為答案。B意

為“處于鼎盛時期“，與文意不符，排除。

29、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofrobots?

A、It'sdifficulttopreventrobotsfromcontactingpeople.

Thebehaviorofroboiswillbemoreunforeseeable.

C、RobotsinthefuturewillBemoreintelligentthanthosetoday.

D、Programmingrobotsthroughacrampedroomisthemostdifficulttask.

標準答案：D

知識點解析:細節題。末段第二句指出Asaresult,theirbehaviorwillbecome

impossibletopredictfully...,B符合文意。第五段第五、六句提到Oneapproach...is

totrytoprogramthemtoavoidcontactwithpeople...Butthisismuchharder...,A符合

文意。第五段末句指出：操縱機器人穿過凌亂的房間就是很困難的事了，更不用說

考慮它的肢體在路上碰到什么了。可見后者比前者更為困難，D與文意不符，故為

答案。

Britain'seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,alivewithflocks,

shepherds,skylarksandbuttercups——thestuffoffairytales.In1941GeorgeMarshleft

schoolattheageof14toworkasaherdsmaninNottinghamshire,theEastMidlands

countrysidehisparentsandgrandparentsfarmed.Herecallsskylarksnestingincereal

fields,whichwhenaccidentallydisturbedwouldflysingingintothesky.Butinhis

lifetime,Marshhasseenthecoloranddiversityofhisnativelandfade.Fannersusedto

growaboutatonofwheatperacre;nowtheygrowfourtons.Pesticideshavekilledoff

theinsectsuponwhichskylarksfed,andyear-roundharvestinghasdriventhebirdsfrom

theirwinternests.Skylarksarcnowrare."Farmerskillanythingthataffectsproduction,

"saysMarsh."Agricultureistooefficient."Anecdotalevidenceofaloomingcrisisin

biodiversityisnowbeingreinforcedbyscience.Intheircomprehensivesurveysofplants,

bulterlliesandbirdsoverthepast20to40yearsinBritain,ecologistsJeremyThomas

andCarlyStevensfoundsignificantpopulationdeclinesinathirdofallnativespecies.

Butterfliesarethefurthestalong-71percentofBritain's58speciesareshrinkingin

number,andsome,likethelargeblueandtortoiseshell,arealreadyextinct.InBritain's

grasslands,akeyhabitat,20percentofallanimal,plantandinsectspeciesarconthepath

toextinction.There'shardlyacornerofthecountry'secologythatisn'taffectedby(his

downwardspiral.Theproblemwouldbebadenoughifitweremerelylocal,butit'snot:

becauseBritain'stemperateecologyissimilartothatinsomanyotherpartsoftheworld.

It'sthebestmicrocosmscientistshavebeenabletostudyindetail.Scientistshave

soundedalarmsaboutspecies'extinctioninthepast,butalwaysspecifictoaparticular

animalorplace-whalesinthe1980sortheAmazonianrainforestsinthe1990s.This

time,though,theimplicationsarcmuchwider.TheAmazonisa"biodiversityhotspot"

withauniqueecology.ButinBritain,"themaindriversofchangearethesameprocesses

responsibleforspecies*declinesworldwide,'*saysThomas.Thefindings,publishedinthe

journalScience,provide(hefirstclearevidencethattheworldisinthethroesofa

massiveextinction.ThomasandStevensarguethatwearefacingalossof65to95

percentoftheworld'sspecies,onthescaleofaniceageorthemeteoritethatmayhave

wipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago.Ifso,thiswouldbeonlythesixthtimesuch

devastationhadoccurredinthepast600millionyears.Theotherfivewereassociated

withone-offeventsliketheiccages,avolcaniceruptionorameteor.Thistime,

ecosystemsaredyingathousanddeathsfromoverfishingandtherazingoftherain

forests,butalsofromadvancesinagriculture.TheBritishstudy,forinstance,findsthat

oneofthebiggestproblemsisnitrogenpollutionNitrogenisreleasedwhenfossilfuels

burnincarsandpowerplants,butalsowhenecologicaJyrichheath-landsareplowed

andfertilizersarespread.Nitrogen-richfertilizersfuelthegrowthoftallgrasses,whichin

turnovershadowandkilloffdelicateHowerslikeharebellsandeyebrights.Even

seeminglyinnocuouspracticesareresponsibleforvastecologicaldamage.WhenBritish

farmersstoppedfeedinghorsesandcattlewithhayandswitchedtosilage,akindof

preservedshortgrass,theyeliminatedafavoritenestingspotofcorncrakes,birdsknown

fortheirraspynightlymatingcalls;corncrakepopulationshavefallen76percentinthe

past20years.Thedepressinglistgoesonandon.Manyofthesepracticesarcbeing

repeatedthroughouttheworld,inoneformoranother,whichiswhyscientistsbelieve

thattheBritishstudyhasglobalimplications.Wildlifeisgettingblander."Wedon'tknow

whichspeciesareessentialtotheweboflifesowe'retakingamassiveriskby

eliminatinganyofthem,"saysDavidWedin,professorofecologyattheUniversityof

Nebraska.Chancesarewe'llbeseeingtheresultsofthisexperimentbeforetoolong.

30、Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthatGeorgeMarsh

A、cherisheshisadolescencememories.

B、thinkshighlyoftheefficiencyofagriculture.

C、maynothavehappymemoriesofpasttime.

D^cannotrememberhisadolescencedays.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干定位至首段。第三句指出：Herecallsskylarksnesting

incerealfields,whichwhenaccidentallydisturbedwouldflysingingintothesky.末

句提到Marsh的評論：Agricultureistooefficient,可以推斷他懷念以前有云雀的美

好時光，認為農業生產的高效率讓許多物種消失了，故A為答案。

31、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofJeremyThomasandCarlyStevens's

surveys?

A^Theyreportedtheresultsofthesurveystothegovernment.

Therewerenosuchcomprehensivesurveysdonebefore.

C^Thesurveysshowmoreplantspeciesareextinct.

D^Otherecologistswilldomoresurveysbasedontheirs.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干中的JeremyThomasandCarlyStevens定位至第二

段。首句指出：Anecdotalevidenceofaloomingcrisisinbiodiversityisnowbeing

reinforcedbyscience.這里的anecdotal（含逸事趣聞的）表明這些證據都是聽來的。

此外，第三段第二、三兩句指出：以前的科學家們僅僅把研究局限于某一種動物或

某一具體地點，這次，研究的領域更為廣泛。據此可以推斷以前沒有人做過如此全

面的研究，故B為答案。

32、Whatisthedifferencebetweentoday'secologicalchangeandthefivechangesin

ancienttimes?

A、Specieslikethedinosaursbroughttheiceagestoanend.

B、Avolcaniceruptionmightleadtoagreatcatastrophe.

C、Today'schangeismainlycausedbyagriculturaladvances.

D^Today'schangeattributestoamultitudeofreasons.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節題。由題干中的five定位至第四段。第二句指出：其他五次災

難的發生與某一事件有關，例如冰川時代、火山爆發或流星的出現。而第三句提到

這次生態系統面臨的問題非常之多：過度捕魚、雨林被摧毀、農業的發展等。D符

合文意，故為答案。B雖然符合邏輯，但并非文章亮到的區別，排除。

33Theword"innocuous"inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans

A^arbitrary.

B、legendary.

C^harmless.

D^lethal.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：語義題。由題干定位至第五段。首句指出：Evenseeminglyinnocuous

practicesarcresponsibleforvastecologicaldamage.從句中的Even及第二句中“青貯

飼料”的例子可以判斷，innocuous的意思與damage屑于對立的語義場，可直接排

除D“致命的"，C符合語義銜接關系，故為答案。

34、AccordingtoDavidWcdin,theextinctionofmanyspeciesarccausedbyhuman

beings,

A、arrogance.

ignorance.

C、nonchalance.

D、blunder.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干中的DavidWcdin定位至末段。倒數第二句指出：

Wedon'tknowwhichspeciesareessentialtotheweboflifesowe'retakingamassive

riskbyeliminatinganyofthem,這說明人們無法分辨何種生物物種對我們來說是至

關重要的，由于無知造成了許多物種滅絕的局面，故B為答案。

35、Themostsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe

A、NitrogenPollution.

EcologicalIssues.

C、Goodbye,Skylarks.

D、AgriculturalAdvances.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：主旨題。本文首段通過對比，描述了幾十年前云雀高歌的景象和現在

不見蹤影的凄涼，引出生態改變導致物種滅絕的問題。接下來的段落介紹了科學家

們的調查結果，分析原因，指出人們的無知造成了物種滅絕。四個選項中，A“氮

污染''是第四段提到的一個原因;B范圍過大;D也是第四段提到的原因，排除。C雖

然有些抽象，但文章以云雀的消亡入手，引出物種滅絕問題，因此C是各選項中

最恰當的題目，故為答案。

Irecentlytookcareofa50-year-oldmanwhohadbeenadmittedtothehospitalshortof

breath.Duringhismonthlongstayhewasseenbyahematologist,anendocrinologist,a

kidneyspecialist,apodiatrist,twocardiologists,acardiacelectrophysiologist,an

infectious-diseasesspecialist,apulmonologist,ancar-nosc-throatspecialist,aurologist,a

gastroenterologist,aneurologist,anutritionist,ageneralsurgeon,athoracicsurgeonand

apainspecialist.Heunderwent12procedures,includingcardiaccatheterization,a

pacemakerimplantandahone-marrowbiopsy(towork-upchronicanemia).Despitethis

wearyingschedule,hemaintainedanupbeatmanner,walkingthecorridorsdailywithas

sistancetochatwithnursesandphysicianassistants.Whenhewasdischarged,follow-up

visitswerescheduledforhimwithsevenspecialists.Thisman'scase,inwhichexpert

consultationssproutedwithlittlerhyme,reasonorcoordination,reinforcedalessonI

havelearnedmanytimessinceenteringpractice:Inourhealthcaresystem,wheredoctors

arepaidpieceworkfortheirservices,ifyouhaveaslev/ofphysiciansandawilling

patient,almostanysortofterribleexcesscanoccur.Thoughaccuratedataislacking,the

overuseofservicesinhealthcareprobablycosthundredsofbillionsofdollarslastyear,

outofthemorethan$2trillionthatAmericansspentonhealth.Arewegettingour

money'sworth?Notaccordingtotheusualmeasuresofpublichealth.TheUnitedStates

ranks45ihinlifeexpectancy,behindBosniaandJordan;nearIasi,comparedwithother

developedcountries,ininfantmortality;andinlastplace,accordingtothe

CommonwealthFund,ahealth-careresearchgroup,amongmajorindustrializedcountries

inhealth-carequality,accessandefficiency.AndintheUnitedStates,regionsthatspend

themostonhealthcareappeartohavehighermortalityralesthanregionsthatspendthe

least,perhapsbecauseofincreasedhospitalizationratesthatresultinmorelife-

threateningerrorsandinfections.Ithasbeenestimatedthatiftheentirecountryspentthe

sameasthelowestspendingregions,theMedicareprogramalonecouldsaveabout$40

billionayear.Overutilizationisdrivenbymanyfactors—"defensive"medicineby

doctorstryingtoavoidlawsuits;patients'demands;apervadingbeliefamongdoctorsand

patientsthatnewer,moreexpensivetechnologyisbetter.Themostimportantfactor,

however,maybetheperversefinancialincentivesofourcurrentsystem.

Overeonsultationandovertestinghavenowbecomefactsofthemedicalprofession.The

cultureinpracticeistograbpatientsandgeneratevolume."Medicinehasbecomelike

everythingelse,"adoctortoldmerecently."Evetythingmovesbecauseofmoney."

Considermedicalimaging.Accordingtoafederalcommission,from1999to2004the

growthinthevolumeofimagingservicesperMedicarepatientfaroutstrippedthe

growth*ofallotherphysicianservices.In2004,thecostofimagingserviceswascloseto

$100billion,oranaverageofroughly$350perpersonintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,

Ivisitedafriend—acardiologistinhislate30s—athisofficeonLongIslandtoaskhim

aboutimaginginprivatepractices."WhenIstartedinpractice,Iwantedtodotheright

thing,"hetoldmematter-of-factly."Ayoungwomanwouldcomeinwithpalpitations.I'd

tellhershewasfine.ButthenIrealizedthatshe'djustgodownthestreettoanother

physicianandhe'dorderallthetestsanyway:echocardiogram,stresstest,Holter

monitor—stuffshedidn'treallyneed.Thenshe'dgoaroundandtellherfriendswhata

greatdoctor-athoroughdoctor-theothercardiologistwas.MItriedtopracticeethical

medicine,butitdidn'thelp.Itdidn'tpay,bothfromafinancialandareputation

standpoint."Lastyear.Congressapproved