專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷120

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。）

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStalesas

settlement（新拓居地）spreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpractical

curiosities,andforalongtimstherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanical

problems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobear（heload,and

（hedevelopmentofsafe,effectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroad

wasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousands

ofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestward（othe

Mississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.Thehighpointin

railroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862

CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraska

westwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompletea

transcontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernment

helpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbegan

fouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChinese

laborwhiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworked

atremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869they

metataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscame

thereforthegreatoccasion.TherewerejoyouscelebrationsaJoverthecountry,with

paradesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonor（hegreatachievement.Therailroadwas

veryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryand

farmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.

InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1>ThemajorproblemswithAmerica'srailroadsysteminthemid19thcenturylayin

A^poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B、lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C^limitedrailroadlines

D、lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

標準答案：A

知識點解析：文章第一段提到早期的火車很不實用，而且鐵路公司面臨著棘手的技

術問題，最嚴重的是修建能夠承擔一定重量的鐵路軌道和開發安全有效的停靠系

統,A項與文意所述相近，故選A。

2、Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.

A、broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfanninginthewest

B、attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C、attractedlaborersfromEurope

D^encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據文章最后一段Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouraging

westwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingraw

materialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets,可知A為正確選項。

3、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A、SettlementsSpreadWestward

B、TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad;AVitalLink

C、AmericanRailroadHistory

D、TheImportanceofRailreadsintheAmericanEconomy

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第一段.第一句雖然提到“setllementspreadeverfartherwestward.M

但這不是本文論述的中心，故A錯；選D也不合適，因為作者在第三段第二句里

談的是在美國起重要作用的iranscontinentalrailway,而不是泛指美國的鐵路，雖然

本文從一個側面反映了美匡鐵路的歷史，但C項范圍太大，故C也錯；第三段點

明了文章的主旨，說明了這條橫貫美國的鐵路在開發西部、發展工農業生產和統一

美國等方面起到了avitallink的作用，故選B。

4-.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook.

A、9years

B、7years

C、4years

D、3years

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據文章第二段敘述可知，1862年國會授權鐵路公司修建鐵路，但

實際上4年之后即1866年才開始這項工程。1869年完成，故共用了三年時間。

5、Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

A、Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B、Theneed(oexploreUtah.

C、Theneedtoconnectthecastcoastwiththewest.

D^Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據文章最后?段Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouraging

westwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovinglaw

materialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets>可知D為正確答案。

Ifinditwholesometobealonethegreaterpartofthetime.Tobeincompany,evenwith

thebest,issoonwearisomeanddissipating,andIneverfoundacompanionso

companionableassolitude.Weareforthemostpartmorelonelywhenwegoabroadthan

whenwcstayinourchambers”,forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspacethat

intervenebetweenamanandhisfellows.Thefarmer,whocanworkaloneallday

withoutfeelinglonesome,butmustrecreatewithothersatnight,wondershowthe

studentcansitaloneatnight;hedoesnotrealizethatthestudent,thoughinthehouse,is

actuallyatworkinhisfieldandchoppinghiswoodasthefarmerwasinhis.Societyis

commonlytoocheap.Wemeetatveryshortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireany

newvalueforeachother;wemeetatmealsthreetimesadayandgiveeachotheranew

tasteofthatmustyoldcheesethatweare;welivethickandareineachother1sway,andI

(hinkthatwethuslosesomerespectfbroneanother.Wehavehad(oagreeonacertain

setofroles,calledetiquetteandpoliteness,tomakethisfrequentmeetingtolerable.

Certainlylessfrequencywouldsufficeforallimportantandheartycommunications

betweenmen.1(wouldbebetteriftherewerebutoneinhabitanttoasquaremile,as

whereIlive,fbrasthevalueofamanisnotinhisskin,weneednottouchhim.

6、Amancanbelonelyinacrowdbecause.

A、lonelinessdoesn'tmeanbeingalone

B、manalwayswantstowork

C、solitudeinvolvesspacethatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows

D^lonelinesscomesfromlackofheartycommunication

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據文章第二段中...forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspace

(hatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows,可知孤獨不是由空間距離造成的，隱

含的意思是孤獨來自于缺少心靈的溝通，故D為正確答案。

7、Theauthorusestheexampleofthefannerand(hestudenttoshowthat.

A、menneedrecreationaftertheirwork

B、menarenotlonelywhen(heyareworking

C、solitudeisnecessary,forastudent

D^peoplehavedifferentconceptionsofsolitude

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第三段指出農民可以一整天地工作而不會感到孤單，但他卻很奇

怪為什么一個學生能夠在晚上一個人獨自靜坐，因為他沒有意識到學生其實和他一

樣，也是在工作，所以他也不會感到孤單。

8、When(heauthorsays:"Societyiscommonlytoocheap",hemeansthat.

A、wcmeetnotfrequentlyenough

B、weeatcheapfoodandliveasimplelife

C^ourlivesaresoregular

D、peopledonothaveenoughheartycommunicationtorealizethevalueinotherpeople

標準答案：D'

知識點解析：根據文章第三段中Societyiscommonlytoocheap：Wemeetatvery

shortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireanynewvalueforeachother,故選D。

9、Theauthor'sopiniononthevalueofamanisthat.

A、itisunderestimatedbytherulesofetiquetteandpoliteness

的數量有很多，這可以算作是它的一個優勢，其他三項根據文章或常識都可以排

除。故選B。

12^WhichproblemisNotmentionedinthearticle?

A、Difficultiesindiggingthecoal.

B、Pollutionoftheenvironment.

C、Whathappenswhenthecoalisusedup.

D^Insufficientrailfacilities.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：由第四段中muchofthiscoalisnoteasytogetwithpresenttechnology

oratpresentprices排除A選項，由第五段第一、第二句話排除B、D選項，故選

Co

13、Whichcountryhasthelargestshareofknownworldcoalreserves?

A、China.

B、TheUnitedStates.

C、TheformerSovietUnion.

D、Thearticledoesn'ttellus.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：由第三段中WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare—morethana

quarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves,故選B。

14、HowmuchcoaldoestheUnitedStateshaveinknownccalreserves?

A^786billiontons.

B、1.7billiontons.

C、Nearly200billiontons.

D、3,000billiontons.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據文章第三段第一句話While(heUnitedStateshasthelargest

share—morethanaquarterofthe786billiontonsofknownv/orldcoalreserves,可知

786x1/4=196.5,故選C。

15、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A^TheU.S.hasabout1.7trilliontonsofcoalatdepthsofmorethan3,000feet.

B、Scientiststhinkthatallcoalreserveshavebeenfoundout.

C、Allcoaliseasytogetbecausewehavemoderntechnology.

D、TheU.S.andChinaproducealmostequalamountsofcoal.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據文章第三段最后一句話both由eSovietUnionandChinaproduce

almostasmuchcoalastheU.S.does,可知D為正確答案。

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthe

manwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthepast15years,pilotshave

reponedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyeleciromagneiic

interference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,

expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicesuchasportablecomputers,

radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvises

（heaviation（航空）industry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesban（禁）suchdevices

frombeingusedduring"critical"stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Some

expertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,ruleson

usingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibit

passengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarcreluctantto

enforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.The

difficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.

Expertsknowthatportabledeviceemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhich

aircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenableto

reproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhetherthe

interferencemightbedangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable（易受損

的）tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamage

navigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan'thearthe

instructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic'stooloud.

16>Thepassageismainlyabout.

A、anewregulationforallairlines

B、thedefectsofelectronicdevices

C、apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes

D^effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight

標準答案：C

知識點解析：考杳主題。主題?般在第一段段首。如果這個題出現在中間的話，

般對應某一段的內容和主題，范圍小一點，比較容易。如果是第一題或最后一題，

則對應整篇文章。本文的主題是關于電磁干擾可能影響飛機安全，故選C。

17、Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?

A、Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems.

B、Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.

C、Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengersportablecomputers.

D、Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：題干有數字，很容易在文中第一段找到對應的句子。注意could,表

示可能，所以選D：懷疑他們是電磁干擾的結果。

18、Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevices

because.

A、theydon'tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference

B、theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved

C、mostpassengersrefusetctakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassette

players

D、theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon

標準答案：C

知識點解析：關鍵句在第二段最后一句，giventhatmanypassengerswanttowork

duringflights.很多乘客要在飛行期間工作，可以推斷一些航空公司拒絕禁令的原

因是：如果他們推行了禁令，也許許多需要在飛機上工作的乘客就不會選擇乘坐飛

機了。故選C。

19、Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonan

airplane'scomputers?

A^Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane.

B、Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.

C、Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.

D^Becauseexpertslackadequateequipment(odosuchresearch.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：第三段because后面給出了解釋：因為他們不能在實驗室重現這些影

響，所以他們沒辦法知道干擾是不是有危險。所以選C。A文中沒有說過，B和第

二句相反，D沒有提到。

20Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor.

A、isinfavorofprohibitingpassengers'useofelectronicdevicescompletely

B、hasoverestimated(hedangerofelectromagneticinterference

C、hasn'tformedhisownopiniononthisproblem

D、regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight

標準答案：C

知識點解析：作者沒有很明確的態度，只是做客觀的說明，描寫r很多情況，但沒

有表明自己的立場和看法。A贊成禁令；B高估危險；C沒有形成自己的觀點；D

認為禁令無理。

Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoes

notliveuptothemanufacturer'sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty,or

anyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisaction

willproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearcvariousmeanstheconsumermay

usetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersisto

complaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the"higherup"theconsumertakeshis

orhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itis

usuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavor,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumers

shouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceof

purchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingis

usuallymosteffectivewhenilisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhenthe

consumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbe

done,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatis

wrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,"Theleftspeakerdoes

notworkatallandthesoundcomingoutoftherightisunclear"isbetterthan"This

stereo(立體聲音響))doesnotwork."Thestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumerto

writetothemanufacturer.Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,stating(hecomplaintas

politelyandasfirmlyaspossible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachieve(hedesired

result,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellerto

courtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotecting

consumers'rights.

21、Whenaconsumerfindsthathispurchasehasafaultinit,thefirstthingheshoulddo

isto.

A、complainpersonallytothemanager

B、threatentotakethemattertocourt

C、writeafirmletterofcomplainttothestoreofpurchase

D、showsomewrittenproofofthepurchasetothestore

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據文章第