Unit4Breakingboundaries

UsinglanguageIGrammarLookatthesentencesandanswerthequestions.Sentences(a)and(c)arefromthereadingpassage.(P54)Q1.Whatdoes“it”refertoinsentences(a)and(c)?aButitisvitalnottotakeanychances.bButnottotakeanychancesisvital.c

ItisimportanttorememberthatEboladoesn’trespect

nationalboundaries.dTorememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries

isimportant.“It”refersto“nottotakeanychances”insentence(a).“It”refersto“torememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries”insentence(c).Q2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesentencesineachgroup?aButitisvitalnottotakeanychances.bButnottotakeanychancesisvital.c

ItisimportanttorememberthatEboladoesn’trespect

nationalboundaries.dTorememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries

isimportant.Thefirstsentencesineachgroupuse“it”asanemptysubjectatthebeginningofthesentences.形式主語Q3.Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(c)insteadof(b)and(d)?aButitisvitalnottotakeanychances.bButnottotakeanychancesisvital.c

ItisimportanttorememberthatEboladoesn’trespect

nationalboundaries.dTorememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries

isimportant.Thereasonwhysentences(a)and(c)arechosenisthatthesentencesarekeptbalancedandthekeyinformationofthesentencesisemphasised.Task1:Lookformoresentenceswithsimilarstructureandsummariseitsuse.1.Ifeltitwasmydutyasadoctortogothereandoffermyhelp.2.ItissoinspiringtohavecolleagueslikeWilton...3....,itisabsolutelyessentialforusalltocollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity.ItasanemptysubjectTask2:Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingitasanemptysubject.(P54)itisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminoritiestogetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevision.itisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactorstobecomealeadingactorinHollywood.Accordingtothe“2017HollywoodDiversityReport”,togetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevisionisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminorities.Thisisanothersmallbutimportantadvanceagainstgenderandracialdiscrimination.Thereportanalysed200filmsreleasedin2015and1,206TVshowsfrom2014to2015,anddiscoveredthattobecomealeadingactorinHollywoodisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactors.itismorecommonthanbeforeforwomentowriteanddirectHollywoodfilmsitisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudiostocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharactersInmoregoodnews,towriteanddirectHollywoodfilmsismorecommonthanbeforeforwomen.Thebadnewsisthatthereisstillalongwaytogo.Leadingrolesaremorelikelytobegiventowhiteactors.AsianAmericanactors,inparticular,stillfaceproblems.Evennow,tocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharactersisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudios.Butatleastthereportshowsthatthingsaremovingslowlyintherightdirection.Task2:Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingitasanemptysubject.(P41)Task3:Describethecityusingtheinformationprovidedanditasanemptysubject.Beijing?notasurprisingthing/studentssee

differentskincoloursinthe

same

class?possible/peoplehearmanydifferentlanguages

anddialects?easy/peoplefindproductsfromallovertheworld?notdifficult/foreignerssettledownandfindajob?acommonthing/peoplefromdifferentcountriesworkin

thesamecompanyCheckyouranswersBeijingBeijingtodayismulticultural.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstoseedifferentskincoloursinthesameclass.Itispossibleforpeopletohearmanydifferentlanguagesanddialects.Itiseasyforpeopletofindproductsfromallovertheworld.Itisnotdifficultforforeignerstosettledownandfindajob.Itisacommonthingforpeoplefromdifferentcountriestoworkinthesamecompany.it作為形式主語，所代替的是句子的邏輯主語，并無實際詞義。這可以保持句子的結構平衡，避免主語太長，顯得頭重腳輕。1.it作形式主語的用法總結ItasanemptysubjectItasanemptysubject2.it作形式主語的三種情況1)代表不定式根據句子的謂語又可以分為四種類型：①Itbe+adj.

/n./介詞短語+不定式有時候要打破界限很難。為病人提供幫助是醫生的職責。無視他們的痛苦違反了我的原則。《哪吒2》的制作時間長達五年?。Sometimes,itisdifficulttobreaktheboundaries.Itisthedoctor'sdutytoofferhelptothepatients.Itisagainstmyprincipletoignoretheirsuffering.Ittakes5yearstomakeNezha2.②It+vt.

+賓語+不定式Itasanemptysubject2.it作形式主語的三種情況2)代表動名詞Itbenouse/good/fun/awasteoftime+doingsth.，偶有Itbeadj.+doingsth.。Itisnouse/good

complainingaboutthingsallday.Itispleasantwatchingtheanimationmovie.3)代表從句具體又可以分為四種類型：①it+be+adj.

+that從句至關重要的是，我們應該合作創建一個全球社區。Itisvitalthatweshouldcollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunity.Itisclear/obvious/true/possible/certain/...that...Itasanemptysubject2.it作形式主語的三種情況3)代表從句,有四種類型：②it+be+n.

+that從句他們共同努力，創造奇跡也就不足為奇了。③it+bedone

+that從句據報道，無國界醫生有超過67000名成員，他們為了共同的事業聯合起來。④it+be/其他系動詞+that從句他可能從不同的角度看待這個問題。Workingtogether,itisnowonderthatthiereffortsendinmiracles.ItisreportedthatMSFhasmorethan67000memberswhohavejoinedtogetherforacommoncause.Itmaybe/seemsthatheviews

theissuefromadifferentperspective.ItisobviousthatEboladoesn'trespectnationalboundaries.UseItasanemptysubjectTodefeatthevirus,itisnecessarytoeducatepeopleonpreventinginfection.2.要戰勝病毒，對人們進行預防感染的教育是必要的。1.顯然，埃博拉病毒是不分國界的。3.大家認為，人類應當構建人類命運共同體，以實現持久繁榮和安全保障。Itisbelievedthathumansshouldbuildahumancommunitywithasharedfutureinordertoachievesustainedprosperityandguaranteedsecurity.4.乘坐飛機頭等艙要花一大筆錢。Itcostsafortunetoflyfirstclass.Itmaybe/seemsthattobecaughtupinsuchacrisiscreatespowerfulbondsbetweenpeopleUseItasanemptysubject5.陷入這樣的危機似乎在人與人之間建立了強大的聯系.6.難怪那些敢于打破界限的人往往成為創新和變革的先驅.It’snowonderthatthosewhodaretobreakboundariesoftenbecomethepioneersofinnovationandchange.Breakingboundariesmakeajointeffortbreaktheboundaryinmedicalcare

Howcanwebreakboundaries?boundariesinlanguagesforcommunication......................livingconditions......................theaccesstohigh-techdevices.......................thedistributionofwealthHowcanwebreakboundaries?EducationandculturePromotionPolicyandlegalreformsEconomicandtechnologyempowermentEqualaccesstoqualityeductionPartnershipsandcollaborationsQuickandeasyaccesstocommunication/knowledge/culture.Anti-discrimination(gender/racialdiscrimination)

Breakingboundariesisacomplexbutachievablegoal.Itrequiresjointeffortsineducation,policyreform,economicempowerment,socialinclusion,andpersonalcommitment.Byworkingtogetheracrossdifferentsectorsandlevelsofsociety,wecancreateamoreinclusiveworld.Whatphenomenondoesthepassagedescribe?2.Whateffectdoestechnologyhaveonculturalexchange?Payattentiontotheexpressionsinboldandhighlighttheonesyou’renotfamiliarwith.Whatphenomenondoesthepassagedescribe?2.Whateffectdoestechnologyhaveonculturalexchange?Itdescribesthephenomenonofthe“global

village”asrelatedtothepromotionof

technologicalandculturalexchange.Technologyenablesustoformcloseconnections

withpeopleofcompletelydifferentcultures

and

givesusquickandeasyaccesstoothercultures

andlifestyles.bring…together使……團結起來；集合channelsofcommunication

溝通渠道formcloseconnectionswith形成密切聯系windowontheworld了解世界的窗口bemoreinclusive更包容的cultureshock文化沖擊ajointeffort共同努力mutualbenefits互惠互利mergeinto

合并成為1.cultureshock2.formcloseconnectionswith3.ajointeffort4.mutualbenefits5.bring…together6.windowontheworld7.bemoreinclusive8.struckachordwithsb?tosayordosththatmakespeoplefeelsympathyorenthusiasmBreakingboundariesmakecommitmentmakeajointeffortvolunteerinateachingprojecttobreaktheboundaryineducationworkinMSFtobreaktheboundaryinmedicalcareBreakingboundariesmakepersonalcommitmentmakeajointeffortvolunteerinateachingprojecttobreaktheboundaryineducationworkinMSFtobreaktheboundaryinmedicalcareworkasajounalisttowritebooksandarticlestobreaktheideologicalboundariesmakepersonalcommitmentIIIListening&speakingListentotheconversationandchoosethemainidea.MoreandmoreforeignwordsandexpressionsareenteringtheEnglishlanguage,especiallythoseaboutfood.ChinesefoodispopularintheUK,andmanyChinesewordsandexpressionsareenteringEnglishdictionariesasaresult.Interculturalcommunicationisincre