專題10議論文和說明文議論文議論文又叫說理文，是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表意見、提出主張的文體。議論文應該觀點明確、論據(jù)充分、語言精煉、論證合理、有嚴密的邏輯性。議論文有三個要素：論點、論據(jù)和論證。(2016·四川)某中學生英文報正舉辦＂TheSeasonILikeBest＂的征文活動，請用英文寫一篇短文投稿，內容應包括： 1.你最喜歡的季節(jié)； 2.你喜歡該季節(jié)的兩條理由(如：氣候、景色、活動、感受……)。注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.題目已為你寫好； 3.行文連貫，語篇完整； 4.文中不得透露個人真實信息。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路點撥】議論文(1)——正反觀點型1．開頭：提出問題；2．主體：陳述不同的觀點及其理由；3．結尾：說明自己的觀點。議論文(2)——利弊對比型這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度(利或弊)出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度(或對事物前景提出預測)。1．說明事物現(xiàn)狀；2．事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(或一方面)；3．你對現(xiàn)狀(或前景)的看法。議論文(3)——解決問題型第一段：引出現(xiàn)象，并指出這種現(xiàn)象的后果第二段：提出解決的辦法第三段：總結這樣做的好處【寫作模板】模板一不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat__作文題目_____.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_觀點一________.Intheirviewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,___原因一_______.Furthermore,inthesecondplace,___原因二_____.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat___觀點一_____.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat___觀點二_______.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand，___原因一_______.Ontheotherhand,____原因二_____.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat___觀點二______.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat__觀點一或二______.Itisnotonlybecause________,butalsobecause_________.Themore_______,themore________.模板二利弊型議論文Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)___作文題目______.Infact,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesin__題目議題_____.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,___優(yōu)點一______.Andsecondly___優(yōu)點二_____.JustAsapopularsayinggoes,"everycoinhastwosides",__討論議題______isnoexception,andinanotherword,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,___缺點一______.Inaddition,____缺點二______.Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof__討論議題____intofullplay,andreducethedisadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe____討論議題___.模板三答辯型議論文Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)__作文題目_______.Itisreallyanimportantconcerntoeveryoneofus.Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.Asweknowthattherearemanystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,__途徑一______.Inaddition,anotherwaycontributingtosuccessofthesolvingproblemis___途徑二_____.Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof___作文題目______,weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.ButasfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay,____方法_____.模板四諺語警句型議論文Itiswellknowtousthattheproverb:"___諺語_______"hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyinourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans____諺語的含義_______.Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesofexamplesasfollows.(alsotheoretically)Acaseinpointis___例子一______.Therefore,itisgoeswithoutsayingthatitisofgreatofimportancetopracticetheproverb____諺語_____.WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:____諺語_____.Themoreweareawareofthesignificanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.【萬能句式】1）開頭句：Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...不言而喻Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat...可以肯定地說Astheproverbsays,...正如諺語所說Ithastobenoticedthat...It'sgenerallyrecognisedthat...人們普遍認為It'slikelythat...很可能It'shardly...that......并不...It'shardlytoomuchtosaythat...毫不夸張地說2）銜接句：Acaseinpointis...一個典型的例子是...Asisoftenthecase,...情況經(jīng)常是...Asstatedinthepreviousparagraph,...如前段所述，...Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore,weshouldtakemoredetailsintoconsideration.Butit'spitythat...Inspiteofthefactthat...Further,weholdtheopinionthat...此外，我們認為...However,thedifficultyliesin...Whatcallsforspecialattentionisthat...Similarly,weshouldpayattentiontothisfromtheverybeginning.3）引出觀點句：Thereareseveralreasonsfor...,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor...,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Thereasonsareasfollows.4）結尾句：Iwillconcludebysayingthat...最后我要說Icanreachaconclusionthat...Therefore,wehavethereasontobelievethat...我們有理由相信Allthingsconsidered,itmaybesafelysaidthat...可以有把握地說Therefore,inmyopinion,it'smoreadvisibleforustodo...更可取的是Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat...Thefigures/statisticsleadustotheconclusionthat...Itcanbeconcludedfromthediscussionthat...Frommypointofview,itwouldbebetterif...Toacertain/someextent,...5）靈活句式：sb.cannotemphasizetheimportanceif...toomuchThereisnoneedforsb.todosth.Onnoaccountcanwedosth.Whatwillhappentosb.if...?Forthepast+一段時間，sb.have(donesth./beendoingsth.)Itpaystodosth.做...是值得的sth.iscloselyrelatedto......與...息息相關doone'sutmosttodo=sparenoefforttodosth.haveagreatinfluenceonsb.NothingcanpreventusfromdoingUpondoingsth,...一...就...Hardlyhadsb.donesth.whensb.didNosoonerhadsb.donesth.thansb.didOnlythencould...直到那時Nothingismore...thantodosth.Thereisnodenyingthat...Thereisnodoubtthat...Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...Asisknowntous,...Itisnowonderthat...Nowonderthat...So+adj.besb./sth.that...如此...以至于...adj.assb./sth.be,...雖然...但是...The+比較級,the+比較級It'stime+主語+動詞過去式It'stimeforsth.It'stimeforsb.todosth.（24-25高三上·江蘇南通·開學考試）現(xiàn)在人工智能越來越影響我們日常生活中的方方面面。請圍繞這一話題寫一篇文章。應包含以下要點：1.人工智能帶來的便利，例如在交通、家電和通信方面。2.它可能引發(fā)的潛在問題或挑戰(zhàn)，如工作崗位被取代和隱私擔憂。3.您對于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其負面影響的觀點。4.80詞左右。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________說明文說明文是以說明為主要表達方式的一種文體，主要用于介紹事物、說明事理等。高考中，說明文常見的話題有：產(chǎn)品介紹、地點描述、方位描寫、變化分析、購物指南和操作說明等。真題一【2018·全國I】假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國朋友家做客，發(fā)郵件向你詢問有關習俗。請你回復郵件，內容包括：1．到達時間；2．合適的禮物；3．餐桌禮儀。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。真題二【2018年新課標全國卷III】假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Peter來信詢問你校學生體育運動情況。請給他回信，內容包括：1.學校的體育場館；2.主要的運動項目；3.你喜歡的項目。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右：2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。寫說明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介紹要說明的對象及說明的目的；第二段說明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步驟；第三段進行總結概括。時態(tài)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。模板01介紹事物型說明文模板Topic①________isamosteffective_______to_______.②Formostpeople,it’salmostimpossibleto______.③________isreally_________.④Withthefunctionsof_______,itenablesusto_______.⑤Itcaneven______.⑥Justimagine,allthiscanbedonewith_______.⑦Aconvenienttoolcancertainlymake_______,butitdoesn’talwayshelp_______.⑧Toomuch_________.⑨Toomany________.⑩Relyingtoomuchon_______makes________.①點明要介紹的事物的必要性②介紹該事物對多數(shù)人的重要意義③該事物優(yōu)勢或顯著特點④該事物的作用⑤進一步說明該事物的作用⑥說明該事物的重要性⑦承上啟下，介紹事物的另一方面⑧該事物的負面影響一⑨該事物的負面影響二⑩總結說明過分使用該物品給我們帶來的負面影響。模板02說明原因型說明文模板Nowadays,therearemoreandmore

insomebigcities.Itisestimatedthat

____________________.（用具體數(shù)據(jù)說明某現(xiàn)象）Whyhavetherebeensomany

?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstreasonisthat

__________________.（原因一）Besides,

__________________.（原因二）Thethirdreasonis

__________________.（原因三）Tosumup,themaincauseof

isdueto__________________

.（指出主要原因）Itishightimethatsomethingshouldbedone.Foronething,

__________________.（解決建議一）Foranotherthing,

.Allthesemeasureswillcertainly

__________________.（解決建議二）模板03描述事物型說明文模板WhatIhaveknownabout

isthat

_________________.（具體描述某事物）Firstly,

__________________.（描述要點一）__________________.（具體闡述要點一）Secondly,

__________________.（描述要點二）（具體闡述要點二）__________________.Asacollegestudent,

__________________.（結合自身描述要點三）Allinall,

__________________.（做出總結）Therefore,weshould

__________________.（提出建議）模板04問題解決型說明文模板Inrecentdays,therehasbeenaproblem

,whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.（說明問題及其現(xiàn)狀）First,

__________________.Second,

__________________.（進一步闡釋現(xiàn)狀）Weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Foronething,________.Foranotherthing,________.Finally,________.（列舉解決該問題的方法）Personally,Ibelievethat________/Consequently,I’mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause________.（結尾段，指出＂我＂的信心及理由）模板05地點介紹型說明文模板地理位置:___，thelargest___inourcountry,lies___,with___onthenorthand___surroundingitssouthwest.Tothewestofthe___.面積人口資源:___hasanareaofabout___squarekilo-metersandapopulationofover___.It'srichinnatural

resources,forexample,bananas,rice,teaandsoon,arefamousbothathomeandabroad.Thesceneryissobeautifulandtheclimateissopleasantthattravelersallovertheworldgoinacontinuousstream

foravisit.必備句型今昔變化對比Myhometownusedtobeabeautifulplace,withthigtreesandgreengrasseverywhere.ItisthebestplacethatIhaveevervisited.Inthepast,childrencouldn'tgotoschoolbecauseofpoverty(貧窮).4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastten(few)years.5.Ourhometownhastakenonanewlook.6.Ourvillageisnotwhatitusedtobe.7.Thicktreesandgreengrasscanbeseeneverywhere.8.NowtheChinesefamilyhaschangedagreatdeal.9.ItisknowntousallthatthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasgreatlyimproved.10.Nowadays,tallbuildingshavetakentheplaceofoldsheds.11.Nowourschooliscoveredwithgreengrassandfreshflowers,whichmakesthewholeschoolagoodplacetostudyin.地域地貌Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistoryandmuchpopulation.2.Zhengzhou,thecapitalofHenanProvince,liesinthemiddleofChina.3.Ithasanareaof160,000squarekilometerswithapopulationofover90million.4.Itisrichinnaturalresourcessuchascoalandgold.5.Theweatherisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.方位指路、圖表說明1.Ourschoolislocatedatthefootofagreenhill.2.Inthefrontoftheschoolisabeautifulgardenwithalibraryonitsleftandalaboratoryonitsright.3.Behindthegardenistheclassroombuilding.4.Atthebackoftheschoolarethestudents'dormitoryandthedining-hall,infrontofwhichliesthelargesportsfield.5.Theteacher'sdormitorystandsbetweenAandB.6.ItisnotverydifficulttofindyourwayfromtheFriendshipHoteltothestation.7.Whenyougetoutofthehotel,turnleftandwalkdownthestreetuntilyouseethetrafficlights.8.Turnrightatthethirdcrossing/turning,andyouwillseeapostofficeatthecorner.Themuseumisnext/oppositetoit.9.Gostraightaheaduntilyougettotheendofthestreet,10.Pleasegetacrossthebridgeandgoeastward.11.No.25Buswilltakeyourightthere.12.Itwilltakeyouabout10minutestogetthere.13.It'sabout10minutes'walk/ridefromhere.14.Ascanbeseenfromthechart,...15.Fromthechart/picture/tablewecansee...thattheworldpopulationisincreasingrapidly.介紹節(jié)日精彩句型:1.

Last

Sunday

we

celebrated...

with....

in

the

school

hall,

during

which

we

had

a

wonderful

time.

2.

Yesterday

we

organized

a

welcome

party

for

the

new

exchange

students.

3.

We

invited...

to

attend

the

party

with

us,

which

was

held

in...

4.

We

spent

a

happy

afternoon/night

with...and...

5.

We

had

a

great

time

together

and

we

didn't

go

back

home

until...

6.

We

felt

happy

to

have

done

something

for

the

old

and

we

made

it

a

rule

to...

7.

This

is

the

first

time

that

I

have

enjoyed

a

Mid-Autumn

Festival

with

my

classmates.

8.

How

interesting

the..

Festival

is!介紹運動音樂精彩句型：1.Atyourrequest,I'dliketotellyousomethingaboutmyfavourite...2.I'mwritingtoreplytothequestionsyoumentionedinyourlastletter.3.Whatimpressedmemostis...4.He/Sheisregarded/consideredasoneofthemost...5.OneofthereasonsIlike...isthat...6.Toachievemydreamofbecoming...,Ipractise...asmuchaspossibleandsometimesI..7.Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourfavorite...andIhope...8.Ibelievemydreamofbecoming...willcometrueaslongasI...9.Ofallthesports,Ilikebasketball/football....bestbecauseIwanttobe...whenIgrowup.10.I'mgladtohearfromyouandI'mwritingtotellyoumyfavoritesport.11.Ilike...bestandIhaveadreamofbecomingaprofessional....inthenearfuture.12.Becomingthechampionof...attheOlympicshaslongbeenmydream.13.What'syourfavoritesport?Pleasewritetoshareitwithme.14.IbelieveIcanmakemydreamcometrueaslongasIcontinuepracticinghard.15.IthinkIcanachievemydreamofbecoming...inthefuture.16.IwanttobecomeatowinhonorforourcountryattheOlympicGames.17.Tomakemydreamcometrue,Iwillpracticehardandnevergiveup.介紹書籍雜志精彩句型：1.

Thereare

thousands

of

kinds

of

newspapers/magazines

in

the

world,

among

which

Ilike...most.

2.

It

is

a

daily/weekly/monthly...newspaper

/magazine,

whose

purpose/aim

is

to...

3.

As

the

saying

goes,

To

opena

book

is

always

beneficial."

4.

I'd

like

to

recommend

it

to

those

who

have

difficulty/trouble

in...

5.

It

is

a(n)

international

newspaper,

which

has

an

average

daily

circulation

of..

6.

It

is

one

of

the

best-selling

magazines,

covering

fitness,

nutrition

travel,

technology,

fashion

and

finance.

7.

With

the

rapid

development

of

the

Internet,

an

increasing

number

of

publishers

begin

to

launch

online

magazines,

also

called

e-zines,

to

fit

the

times.

8.

1

have

been

reading

this

newspaper/

magazine

ever

sine...

I

think

it

isofgreathelptome.旅游指導精彩句型：1.Welcometoourscenicspotandwe'dlikeyoutopayattentiontosomesafetyregulations.2.Tomakeourtouristspotmorepopular,we'vedecidedto...3.Childrenarenotallowedtoenter/use....unlesstheyareaccompaniedbyadults.4.Besides,thosewhosufferfromheartdiseasearealsoforbiddento...5.Doremembertheopeningtimeisfrom8amto6pm.6.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions,pleasecallusat..7.Webelieveourscenicspotwillleaveadeepimpressiononyou.8.Wehopethatyouwillhaveagoodtime/enjoyyourself/getgreatpleasurehere!（24-25高三上·江蘇南通·開學考試）現(xiàn)在人工智能越來越影響我們日常生活中的方方面面。請圍繞這一話題寫一篇文章。應包含以下要點：1.人工智能帶來的便利，例如在交通、家電和通信方面。2.它可能引發(fā)的潛在問題或挑戰(zhàn)，如工作崗位被取代和隱私擔憂。3.您對于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其負面影響的觀點。4.80詞左右。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing1（24-25高三上·安徽·開學考試）假如你是李華，你班上周就“學生是否有必要購買品牌服飾”的話題展開了激烈的討論。請你根據(jù)以下提示，用英語寫一篇短文介紹討論結果并發(fā)表個人觀點。1.支持的觀點；2.反對的觀點；3.你的觀點。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.首句已給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)；3.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。Lastweek,ourclassheldaheateddiscussiononwhetherstudentsshouldbuybrandedclothing.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing2（2024·四川成都·模擬預測）目前越來越多的人使用移動支付(mobilepayment)，移動支付改變了人們的生活。請根據(jù)以下要點寫一篇短文：1.移動支付的優(yōu)缺點；2.你的看法。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：微信WeChat

支付寶Alipay

二維碼QRcode____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing31．（23-24高一下·四川·期末）眾所周知，環(huán)境與我們每個人息息相關。而隨著社會的發(fā)展，環(huán)境污染卻越來越嚴重。請根據(jù)下面的內容提示，以“Howtoprotecttheenvironment”為題，用英文寫一篇80詞左右的短文。

1.現(xiàn)狀：污染越來越嚴重，甚至導致全球變暖。2.治理措施：(1)提高人們的環(huán)保意識(awareness)；(2)制定環(huán)保法律，違者嚴懲(punish)；(3)植樹造林，凈化環(huán)境等。注意：1.內容應包括以上要點，可以適當發(fā)揮，增加細節(jié)，以使文章連貫；2.書寫規(guī)范，卷面整潔。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing4（2024·廣西河池·模擬預測）假定你是校英文報的編輯李華，負責策劃你們報紙新開設的一個欄目“OpinionsofTeenagers”。請你寫一篇欄目介紹，刊登在校英文報上，內容包括：1.開設的初衷；2.欄目的內容；3.歡迎投稿。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________