外刊閱讀(3.26)Ofthemanypatientswhoneedanorganfromadonor,90%gowithout.About240mpeoplelivewithraregeneticdiseases,mostofwhichcannotbetreated.Eachyearpoordietscausemorethan10mearlydeaths.Sufferingonsuchanimmensescalecanappearhopeless.However,atechniquecalledCRISPRgeneeditingpromisestohelpdealwiththeseissuesandmanymore—andwiseregulationcanspuriton.CRISPRislikeaneditorthatcanrewriteDNAletterbyletterorgenebygene,toremoveharmfulmutationsoraddprotectiveones.clinicaltrialswillbeginthissummeronpigorganseditedfortransplantingintohumans.Lastyearthefirstnewtherapywentonthemarket.Itseeminglycuressickle-celldiseaseandbeta-thalassemia,twoblooddisordersthatafflictmillions.Ifongoingclinicaltrialssucceed,aone-offtherapycouldprovidelifelongprotectionagainstheartattacks.farmingwillbenefit,too:CRISPRcouldraiseyieldsorprotectcropsfromclimatechange.Consumerscouldsoongetwhitebreadwithfibre-likestarchortastiervarietiesofhealthybutunpopularfoods,suchasmustardgreens.ButaswereportinourTechnologyQuarterly,nowisacriticalmoment.SinceCRISPR’sdiscoveryin2012,ithasbegunsupplantingoldideasthatneverreachedtheirpotential.Genetherapy,adifferenttechniquethatusesvirusestoinsertgenesintopatients,cantreatmanyraregeneticdiseasesbutisandwillremaincostlytoprepare.Geneticallymodified(GM)crops,whichborrowgenesfromotherspecies,havefacedmisguidedoppositioninEuropeandelsewhere.CRISPRoffersanalternativetoboth.Butif,unlikethem,itistoliveuptoitspromise,itwillneedtoattractacontinuingflowofinvestment—which,inturn,meanschalkingupsomereal-lifesuccesses.Forthattohappen,scientistsmustshowthattheycangetCRISPRintomoretypesofcellsinthebodycheaplyandeasily.Thetechnologywouldalsobeboostedifitcouldserveasaplatformtocreatepersonalisedtherapiesforpeople’sindividualmutations.Thatwillrequirenewscience,butitwouldalsobecatalysedbyabettersystemofregulation.Regulationsthatgoverndrugsforrarediseaseswerenotdesignedforaneraofspecialistmedicinesandwillhinderpatientsfromreceivingnewtreatments.DevelopingdrugsforasmallgroupofpeoplehasalwaysbeendifficultandmanyCRISPRcompaniesarestruggling,despitegovernmenthelp.ButCRISPRisprogrammable,meaningthatthesamedrugcanbetweakedtotargetmanydifferentmutations.On-demand,small-batchdrugsforrarediseasescouldbemademorecheaplytodayifrequirementsonsafetytestingandmanufacturingstandardswereloosened.Formanydesperatelyillpeoplewhomaydiebeforeadrugisapproved,ifitisdevelopedatall,thatisaworthwhiletrade-off.InAmericatheFoodandDrugAdministrationhasalreadytakensomestepstowardsliberalisation.Agriculturealsobadlyneedsreform.Gene-editedfoodsfallunderGMregulationinmanyregions,includingtheEuropeanUnion,despitebeingquitedifferent:gene-editedplantshavehadtheirowngenestweakedratherthanincorporatinggenesfromotherspecies.Mindfulofthethreatofclimatechangetofoodsecurity,Britainispoisedtoimplementnewliberallawsgoverninggene-editedfoods;theEUshouldfollow.However,publictrustinregulatorsandscientistscouldbecomeaproblemwiththeconfirmationashealthsecretaryofRobertF.Kennedyjunior.HehasinvestedinCRISPRtherapies,butisalsoanti-GM.IfAmericaslowsdownorevengoesintoreverse,itwillbeablowtoprogress—andhumanity.語篇分析文章結構為:段落大意：1.

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1.WhatisthemainproblemfacingCRISPRgeneeditingaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasnoreal-lifesuccessessofar.B.Itistooexpensivetodevelopdrugs.C.Itneedstoattractcontinuousinvestmentbyachievingpracticalresults.D.Itcan'tbeusedtotreatraregeneticdiseaseseffectively.2.HowcanthedevelopmentofCRISPRbepromotedaccordingtothepassage?A.Bymakingitmoreexpensivebutmoreeffective.B.Byshowingitssuperiorityoverothertechniquesintheory.C.Byattractingmoregovernmentinvestmentwithoutconsideringsafety.D.Bygettingitintomoretypesofcellscheaplyandeasilyandcreatingpersonalizedtherapies.3.Whyareregulationsforrare-diseasedrugsaproblemforCRISPR?A.Becausetheyaretoostrictforsmall-batchdrugs.B.Becausetheyaredesignedforgeneralmedicines.C.Becausetheyencouragethedevelopmentofgenetherapyinstead.D.Becausetheyaretooloosetoensurethesafetyofnewdrugs.4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutgene-editedfoods?A.TheyareexactlythesameasGMfoods.B.TheyaremorepopularthanGMfoods.C.Theirregulationinmanyregionsneedstobereformed.D.Theyhavenopotentialthreattofoodsecurity.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.CRISPR:ADoubtfulTechnologyinMedicineandAgricultureB.CRISPR:APromisingTechnologyNeedingProperRegulationC.CRISPR:ATechnologyThatSolvesAllMedicalProblemsD.CRISPR:ATechnologyOnlyBeneficialtoAgriculture1.WhatisthemainproblemfacingCRISPRgeneeditingaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasnoreal-lifesuccessessofar.B.Itistooexpensivetodevelopdrugs.C.Itneedstoattractcontinuousinvestmentbyachievingpracticalresults.D.Itcan'tbeusedtotreatraregeneticdiseaseseffectively.答案：C。由第三段“Butif,unlikethem,itistoliveuptoitspromise,itwillneedtoattractacontinuingflowofinvestment—which,inturn,meanschalkingupsomereal-lifesuccesses”可知，CRISPR基因編輯面臨的主要問題是需要通過取得現實成功來吸引持續投資，C正確。A選項，文中已提及它有一些成果，如治療鐮狀細胞病等；B選項，文中說的是基因療法成本高，并非CRISPR開發藥物成本高；D選項，它可以治療一些罕見病。2.HowcanthedevelopmentofCRISPRbepromotedaccordingtothepassage?A.Bymakingitmoreexpensivebutmoreeffective.B.Byshowingitssuperiorityoverothertechniquesintheory.C.Byattractingmoregovernmentinvestmentwithoutconsideringsafety.D.Bygettingitintomoretypesofcellscheaplyandeasilyandcreatingpersonalizedtherapies.答案：D。根據第四段“scientistsmustshowthattheycangetCRISPRintomoretypesofcellsinthebodycheaplyandeasily.Thetechnologywouldalsobeboostedifitcouldserveasaplatformtocreatepersonalisedtherapiesforpeople’sindividualmutations”可知，D選項正確。A選項“更貴”與原文不符；B選項僅在理論上展示優勢無法推動其發展；C選項“不考慮安全”錯誤。3.Whyareregulationsforrare-diseasedrugsaproblemforCRISPR?A.Becausetheyaretoostrictforsmall-batchdrugs.B.Becausetheyaredesignedforgeneralmedicines.C.Becausetheyencouragethedevelopmentofgenetherapyinstead.D.Becausetheyaretooloosetoensurethesafetyofnewdrugs.答案：A。從第五段“Regulationsthatgoverndrugsforrarediseaseswerenotdesignedforaneraofspecialistmedicinesandwillhinderpatientsfromreceivingnewtreatments...ifrequirementsonsafetytestingandmanufacturingstandardswereloosened.Formanydesperatelyillpeople...thatisaworthwhiletrade-off”可知，罕見病藥物監管規定對小批量藥物要求過于嚴格，阻礙了CRISPR的發展，A正確。B選項不是針對普通藥物設計；C選項文中未提及鼓勵基因療法；D選項與原文“放寬要求”相悖，說明規定是嚴格的。4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutgene-editedfoods?A.TheyareexactlythesameasGMfoods.B.TheyaremorepopularthanGMfoods.C.Theirregulationinmanyregionsneedstobereformed.D.Theyhavenopotentialthreattofoodsecurity.答案：C。由第六段“Agriculturealsobadlyneedsreform.Gene-editedfoodsfallunderGMregulationinmanyregions,includingtheEuropeanUnion,despitebeingquitedifferent”可知，基因編輯食品在許多地區的監管需要改革，C正確。A選項基因編輯食品與轉基因食品不同；B選項文中未提及二者受歡迎程度對比；D選項，文中提到要考慮氣候變化對糧食安全的威脅，并非基因編輯食品無威脅。5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.CRISPR:ADoubtfulTechnologyinMedicineandAgricultureB.CRISPR:APromisingTechnologyNeedingProperRegulationC.CRISPR:ATechnologyThatSolvesAllMedicalProblemsD.CRISPR:ATechnologyOnlyBeneficialtoAgricult