Unit2HealthyLifestyleReadingandThinking——高二英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊教材習題【課文】HABITSFORAHEALTHYLIFESTYLEAsteenagersgrowup,theybecomemoreindependentandstartmakingtheirowndecisions.However,duringthisperiod,itcanbeeasyforsomeofthemtoformbadhabits.Thesebadhabits,ifleftunchecked,couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.Forexample,someofthemmaybecomeinvolvedintobaccooralcoholabuse,whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.Topreventharmfulhabitslikethesefromdominatingateenager’slifeisessential.Theymustlearntorecognisebadhabitsearlyandmakeappropriatechanges.Tochangebadhabitsisnevereasy,evenwithmanyattempts.ThereisafamoussayingbasedonthephilosophyofAristotle:“Wearewhatwerepeatedlydo.”Inmanyways,ourlifestyleisthesumofchoiceswehavemade.Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.Soonthatchoicebecomesautomaticandformsahabitthatismuchhardertochange.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchange,ifweunderstandhowhabitswork.Accordingtomodernpsychology,wemustfirstlearnaboutthe“habitcycle”,whichworkslikethis:?Firstly,thereisa“cue”,anaction,event,orsituationthatactsasasignaltodosomething.?Secondly,thereisa“routine”,theregularactionyoutakeinresponsetothecue.?Thirdly,thereisthe“reward”,thegoodthingorfeelingwegetfromtheroutine.Forexample,whenwefeelunhappy(cue),weeatlotsofunhealthysnacks(routine),whichmakesusfeelhappy(reward).Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethecycle,andthebadhabitofrelyingonunhealthysnacksisformed.Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.Wecandothisbycombiningtheinformationfromourhabitcycleswithourownpositiveideas.Forexample,wecouldtrytoreplaceanegativeroutinewithsomethingmorepositive.So,whenwefeelunhappyagain(cue),ratherthaneatsnacks,wecouldlistentosomeofourfavouritemusicinstead(routine),whichwillmakeusfeelrelaxed(reward).Asidefromchangingbadhabits,wecanalsousethehabitcycletocreategoodhabits.Forexample,whenwecometoanescalator(cue),ournormalroutineistorideit,butwecouldchangethisroutineintosomethingmorepositivebytakingthestairsinstead.Manyofustrytochangebadhabitsquickly,andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway,weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.Infact,themostsuccessfulwaytochangeisnotsuddenly,butoveraperiodoftime.AstheChinesephilosopherLaoziwrote,“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”Onestepseemssmall,butitisessential.Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsomedisciplineandrepeatedlytakemanysmallsteps.Afterall,itisnoteasytobreakbadhabits.Foryoungpeople,thereisplentyoftimetochangebadhabits.However,thereisno“magicpill”ordeletebuttonthatwillhelpyou;youhavetothinkaboutyourbadhabitsanddecideonsomechanges.Youhavethepowertobuildahappyandhealthylifefullofgoodhabits!【習題】(1)Readthetextandfindoutwhatmainideasareincludedinit.Tickthecorrectones.答案：A,B,D,E,F,G(2)Readthetextagainandanswerthequestions.1Howcanachoiceleadtoahabit?2Whatarethethreestagesofthehabitcycle?3Whatshouldwedotochangeabadhabit?4Howcanapersonusedisciplinetohelpchangeabadhabit?5Willyouusethehabitcycletobreakyourbadhabits?Whyorwhynot?參考答案：1.Achoicecanleadtoahabitifwemakethesamechoiceoverandoveragain.2.Thethreestagesofthehabitcyclearethecue,routine,andreward.3.Tochangeabadhabit,weshouldexamineourhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.4.Apersoncanusedisciplinetochangeabadhabitbytakingmanysmallstepstoreachthegoalofchange.5.Yes.IwillusethehabitcycletobreakmybadhabitofusingmyphonetoomuchbecauseIwanttospendmoretimereadingbooksandplayingsports.(3)Workingroups.Completethetasks.1.Thinkofonebadhabitandwritedownthecue,routine,andreward.Thencomeupwithanideaofhowtobreakthebadhabit.2.Doyouknowanyalternativewaystobetterhabits?Discusswithyourpartnerwhichwayyouthinkismosteffective.參考答案：1.Cue:Boredom/Waiting/BeinganxiousRoutine:BitingnailsReward:Stressrelief/DistractionBreakthehabit:Chewgum,getastressballorfidgetspinnertohold,wearglovesorstickersonyournails2.Alternativewaystobetterhabits:?Tellsomeoneelsewhatyouwanttochange.Peerpressurefromsomeoneelsewillhelp.?Fineyourself.Everytimeyoudothebadhabit,putasmall