課時(shí)練1閱讀理解提速練eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解A(2018·云南高三調(diào)研)ForthegrowingnumberofChineseheadingwesttoworkandstudy,there’splentytheyfindsurprising.UponarrivalintheWest,manyChinesefindtheyhavetofirstlyputonthebrakes.LiFeng,raisedinnorthernChinaandnowbasedinEngland,agrees.“TheonlythingChinesepeoplewouldbeshockedbyinBritainishowlongittakestodothings，”hesays.“Forinstance,inChinaifyouwanttoopenabankaccount,youdon’twaitandyoujustdoitatthecounter.”O(jiān)ut-of-hoursandweekendworkisstandardinChina,butinBritain,theweekendisforfamilyandfriends.ChenLei,wholefthishomeland12yearsagoandisnowalawyerinBelgiumsaysofficepoliticsaresimplerinEurope,partlybecausethehierarchy(等級(jí)制度)islessrigidthaninChina,wherethebossreallyisthebossandsocialclassintheofficeisveryobviousandimportant.Asaresult,staffinaChinesecompanythinkverycarefullyabouthowtopresenttheirviewsandideas.EmployeesintheWestcansharetheiropinionsmorefreely.InChinayoushouldhavethewisdomtosaysomethinginanappropriateway.ButinEuropeyoucanjustsaywhatyouwant.ThenewestChinesearrivalshaveaverydifferentviewtopreviousgenerations,accordingtoSharonJin,whomovedtotheU．S.20yearsagoandisnowanAmericancitizen.“Almost100%ofpeopleofmygenerationwhocametotheStateswanttogetagreencard，”shesays.“ButtodayyoungerChineseplantoworkfor10yearshereandthenreturntoChinatobuyahouseorlookaftertheirparents.”Whilearecordnumberof523，700studentsleftChinatostudyelsewherein2015,roughly70%－80%ofstudentsabroadhavebeenreturninginrecentyearsbecauseoftheattractivejobmarketathome,accordingtotheChineseMinistryofEducation(CME)．【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】以前，中國(guó)人去國(guó)外都想獲得綠卡，而現(xiàn)在他們計(jì)劃在國(guó)外工作十年以后，再回來(lái)買(mǎi)房或照顧父母。1．WhatdomanyChinesefindsurprisingwhileinBritain?A．ThattheydrivefasterthanthedriversinBritain.B．Thattheycanopenabankaccountatanytime.C．ThatworkingextrahoursinBritainisverycommon.D．ThatworkingpaceinBritainislessfastthanathome.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“UponarrivalintheWest,manyChinesefindtheyhavetofirstlyputonthebrakes.”以及下面的例子可知，putonthebrakes本意為“剎車(chē)”，用在這里表示“放慢速度”，故選D。2．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that________．A．ChenLeihasbeenalawyerinBelgiumfor12yearsB．employeesintheWestshowlessrespectfortheirbossC．ChineseemployeesarecautiouswhenpresentingideasD．peopleinEuropeexpressthemselvesinamodestwayC解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“InChinayoushouldhavethewisdomtosaysomethinginanappropriateway.”可知，在中國(guó)員工發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)要謹(jǐn)慎。3．AccordingtoCME，moststudentsreturntoChinabecause________．A．it’shardforthemtogetagreencardB．it’seasyforthemtobuyahouseathomeC．theywillhavetolookaftertheirparentsD．therearemorejobopportunitiesinChinaD解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“roughly70%－80%ofstudentsabroadhavebeenreturninginrecentyearsbecauseoftheattractivejobmarketathome”可知，大多數(shù)學(xué)生選擇回國(guó)發(fā)展是因?yàn)閲?guó)內(nèi)有更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。4．Howdoesthewriterorganizethetext?A．Byinterviewingstudentsabroad.B．Bycomparingthedifferences.C．Bydiscussingsomefacts.D．Bylistingsomefigures.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)每個(gè)段落對(duì)比的一些差異可知，應(yīng)選B。B(2018·江西百校聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考)ThebestfamilyvacationthatIeverhadwasgoingonaroadtriptoMyrtleBeach.Thetripwasfor2weeksduringtheMarchbreakfromschool.Thistripwasprobablyabout20yearsagosoitwasbeforethetimeofthingslikeportablevideogamesandbeingabletowatchmoviesinthebackseat.SotopassthemanyhoursoftravelmybrotherandIhadtoentertainourselvesandeachother.Mymumwouldsetthebackseatupsothatitwasourownlittleplayroom.Shewouldpackeverythingupsothatwehadabiglevelareatoplayin.Wewouldplaycardsandboardgames.Whenitgottothepointwherewe__were__at__each__other’s__throatswewouldbesentbacktoourownsideoftheseatandwouldbeforcedtoeithernaporreadbyourselvesuntilwecouldbefriendlytoeachotheragain.Icanrememberusplayingforquitesometimewhenweturnedthebackseatintoaspaceshipandtraveledaroundtheearth.Anothertimeweturneditintoakitchenandhadabakeoff(食品烘烤賽)．ButthethingthatIrememberthemostandthatgaveusmanyhoursofenjoymentwasusingeachother’sfacesassillyPlasticine(普萊斯蒂辛橡皮泥)andmakingfunnyfaces.Wewouldseehowfarwecouldstretcheachother’smouthsopen,seehowthinwecouldmaketheother’seyebypullingonit.Wewouldkeepgoinguntiloneofusbeggedformercybecausewehadtogiveourfacesarest.SowhileIcanrememberushavingagreattimeonthebeach,laughingalottryingtoputthetentupintherain,whatIrememberthemostofthattripandwhatalwaysmakesmesmilethemostisrememberingthepainthatoutfaceswouldbeinafterthetrip.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為記敘文。作者回憶了小時(shí)候在沒(méi)有電子游戲、不能在坐車(chē)時(shí)看電影的旅途中打發(fā)時(shí)間的方式。5．WhatdidtheauthordowhentravelingtoMyrtleBeach?A．Watchmovies.B．Playvideogames.C．Havefunwithhisbrother.D．Packthingsuptoamusehimself.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“topassthemanyhoursoftravelmybrotherandIhadtoentertainourselvesandeachother”可知答案。6．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“wewereateachother’sthroats”？A．Wewerefightingwitheachother.B．Weusedupourskills.C．Wewerequiteoutofbreath.D．Wewereabouttofallasleep.A解析：句意理解題。下文的“...untilwecouldbefriendlytoeachotheragain”說(shuō)明畫(huà)線部分的意思應(yīng)為“互相打斗，激烈爭(zhēng)吵”。7．Whatimpressedtheauthormostduringthetrip?A．Playingcardsandboardgames.B．Pullingeachother’sfacesandeyes.C．Havingacookingcompetition.D．PlayingwithsillyPlasticine.B解析：推理判斷題。由第四段中的“ButthethingthatIrememberthemost...hoursofenjoymentwasusingeachother’sfaces...bypullingonit.”可知，旅途中作者印象最深的是和弟弟彼此拉對(duì)方的臉或者眼來(lái)做鬼臉。8．Whichofthefollowingtitleswouldbestsuitthepassage?A．AnUnforgettableFamilyTravelB．WhatIstheMostMeaningfulJourneyC．TheGoodOldDaysNevertoBeForgottenD．HowtoKillTimeWhileTravelinginthePastD解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容看，本文主要談?wù)摰氖窃跊](méi)有便攜式游戲機(jī)、不能在后座看電影的情況下，作者一家去旅游時(shí)，作者在途中消遣的方式，故D項(xiàng)作本文標(biāo)題最佳。C(2018·衡水中學(xué)高三大聯(lián)考)BobDylan,bornonMay24,1941,isanAmericansongwriter,singer,artistandwriter.Hehasbeeninfluentialinpopularmusicandcultureformorethanfivedecades.Muchofhismostcelebratedworkdatesfromthe1960s,whenhissongsshowedsocialunrest.EarlysongssuchasBlowin’intheWindandTheTimesTheyArea-Changin’promotedtheAmericancivilrightsandanti-warmovements.Dylan’ssongsincludeawiderangeofpolitical,socialandliteraryinfluences.Theychallengedexistingpopmusicconventionsandappealedtothegrowingcounterculture.Hisrecordingcareer,spanningmorethan50years,hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,fromfolk,blues,andcountrytorock’n’roll,andtoEnglish,Scottish,andIrishfolkmusic,evenjazzandtheGreatAmericanSongbook.Hehastouredsteadilysincethelate1980sonwhathasbeencalledtheNeverEndingTour.Hisaccomplishmentsasarecordingartistandperformerhavebeencentraltohiscareer,butsongwritingisconsideredhisgreatestcontribution.Asamusician,Dylanhassoldmorethan100millionrecords,makinghimoneofthebestsellingartistsofalltime.HehasalsoreceivednumerousawardsincludingelevenGrammyAwards,aGoldenGlobeAward,andanAcademyAward.ThePulitzerPrizejuryin2008awardedhimaspecialcitation(引言)forhisinfluenceonpopularmusicandAmericanculture,markedbylyricalcompositionsofextraordinarypoeticpower.InMay2012,DylanreceivedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomfromPresidentBarackObama.In2016,DylanreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”．【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】鮑勃·迪倫因?yàn)椤霸诿绹?guó)歌曲傳統(tǒng)形式之上開(kāi)創(chuàng)了以詩(shī)歌傳情達(dá)意的新表現(xiàn)手法”而獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。文章介紹了他的作品以及他對(duì)流行音樂(lè)和美國(guó)文化的影響。9．WhichwordbestdescribesDylan’smusicaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Various. B．Talented.C．Personal. D．Popular.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的第一句以及下文中的“...hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,fromfolk,blues,andcountrytorock’n’roll,andtoEnglish,Scottish,andIrishfolkmusic,evenjazzandtheGreatAmericanSongbook.”可知，他的音樂(lè)作品涉及政治、社會(huì)和文學(xué)；他探索了美國(guó)歌曲的傳統(tǒng)，從民謠、藍(lán)調(diào)、鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)、搖滾到英格蘭、蘇格蘭和愛(ài)爾蘭民間音樂(lè)，甚至還有爵士樂(lè)和《美國(guó)流行金曲簿》。由此可知，他的作品風(fēng)格多種多樣。故選A項(xiàng)。10．WhatisDylanbetterrecognizedas?A．Aperformer. B．Asinger.C．Anartist. D．Asongwriter.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的最后一句可知，雖然歌手和演員一直是他的主要職業(yè)，但是他最偉大的貢獻(xiàn)卻是歌曲創(chuàng)作。故選D項(xiàng)。11．WhatmadeDylangettheNobelPrize?A．Hispoemsaboutmusic.B．HisAmericansongtradition.C．Hislanguagestyleofthesongs.D．HisinfluenceonAmericaculture.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句可知，他是因?yàn)椤霸诿绹?guó)歌曲傳統(tǒng)形式之上開(kāi)創(chuàng)了以詩(shī)歌傳情達(dá)意的新表現(xiàn)手法”而獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)。D(2018·貴陽(yáng)三校聯(lián)考)Sweden’sbloodserviceisenlistingnewtechnologytohelppushbackagainstbloodshortages.Onenewplan，wheredonorsaresentautomatictextmessagestellingthemwhentheirbloodhasactuallybeenused，hascaughtthepubliceye.Peoplewhodonateinitiallyreceivea“thankyou”textwhentheygiveblood，buttheygetanothermessagewhentheirbloodmakesitintosomebodyelse’sveins.Theservicesaysthemessagesgivedonorsmorepositivefeedbackabouthowthey’vehelpedtheirfellowcitizens—whichencouragesthemtodonateagain.“It’sagreatfeelingtoknowyoumadesuchabigdifferenceandmaybeevensavedsomeoneelse’slife，”saysMs.BlomWiberg.“WegetalotofvisibilityinsocialmediaandtraditionalmediathankstotheSMS.Butaboveallwebelieveitmakesourdonorscomebacktous，anddonateagain.”DuringNationalBloodDonationWeekstreetsignsandshopfrontsaroundthecountryarehavingtheletters“O”and“A”quietlyremoved，representingthemissingbloodtypes.“Wesimplycan’tignorethefactthattherehasbeenaseverereductioninthenumberofnewdonorscomingforward—atrendseenacrosstheworld，”JonLathamsaid.“Whilewecanmeettheneedsofpatientsnow，it’simportantthatwestrengthenthedonorbaseforthefuture.”InStockholm，residentscangotothelocalbloodservice’swebsiteandseealivechartofhowmuchbloodisleft.“Thesameinfoaswehaveinternallyisshownexternally，”saysMs.BlomWiberg.Thethinkingisthatwhenstocksrunlow，peoplewillrespondiftheyknowthereisaproblem.Otherinitiativesrolledoutinsomeareasincludelettingdonorssignacontractagreeingthatauthoritiesareallowedtoaggressivelybotherthembytextmessage，F(xiàn)acebook，andemailuntiltheydonateblood.Themessagesincludelight-heartedthreats，suchas：“Wewon’tgiveupuntilyoubleed.”【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】瑞典的獻(xiàn)血者們現(xiàn)在可以通過(guò)接收短信的方式來(lái)知曉他們所獻(xiàn)的血的具體使用情況。12．Thetextmessagesblooddonorsreceiveareabout________．A．whohasusedtheirbloodintheoperatingroomB．howimportanttheirbloodistoapatientC．whentheirbloodactuallysavedalifeD．wherebloodisalsoingreatdemandC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“buttheygetanothermessagewhentheirbloodmakesitintosomebodyelse’sveins”可知答案。13．AccordingtoJon，thereisatrendthat________．A．morecountriesarestrengtheningtheirdonorbaseB．thepatients’needforbloodcan’tbesatisfiedC．bloodtypesofOandAareurgentlyneededD．fewerpeopledonatebloodaroundtheworldD解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“...therehasbeenaseverereductioninthenumberofnewdonorscomingforward—atrendseenacrosstheworld”可知，在全世界范圍內(nèi)，有一種趨勢(shì)就是獻(xiàn)血者越來(lái)越少。14．Toensurestablebloodsupplies，Stockholm________．A．a(chǎn)sksresidentstosignalifelongcontractofdonatingbloodB．a(chǎn)llowseveryonetochecktheamountofbloodinstoreC．passesalawonappealingtopeopletodonatebloodD．forcespeopletodonatebloodwithtextmessagesB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“InStockholm，residentscangotothelocalbloodservice’swebsiteandseealivechartofhowmuchbloodisleft.”可知，在斯德哥爾摩，居民可以登錄當(dāng)?shù)孬I(xiàn)血機(jī)構(gòu)的網(wǎng)站查詢(xún)現(xiàn)在還有多少存血。15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Swedenisfacingalackofbloodforpatientsatpresent.B．Swedenusessocialmediatoinspirepeopletodonatebloodagain.C．Swedishpeoplecanmeasurethebloodsugarlevelatahospitalfreely.D．Swedishblooddonorsgettextmessagesasfeedbackandencouragement.D解析：主旨大意題。本文主要介紹的是瑞典的血液服務(wù)部門(mén)給獻(xiàn)血者發(fā)短信，讓他們知道自己所獻(xiàn)的血的具體使用情況，這不僅是一種信息反饋，也是對(duì)人們積極獻(xiàn)血的一種激勵(lì)。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七選五(2018·東北三省四市模擬)Imaginethatyou’reanactororactressperforminginaplayforthefirsttime.You’velearnedallyourlinesandyouknowwheretowalkonstage.Waitingbehindtheclosedcurtain,youcanheartheaudiencewhispering.Thenyourbigmomentarrives!Thecurtaingoesup,andthecrowdfallssilent.Allyoucanseeisthespotlightshiningdownonyou.1.________Theinsideofyourmouthisdry,andyourhandsarewet.Ifyou’veexperiencedamomentlikethis,youknowalltoowellwhatitmeanstohavestagefright.It’soneofthemostcommontypesoffear.2.________Youcanexperiencethiskindoffearwhenplayingsports,givingatalk,orevenspeakinginclass.3．________Theexperiencediffersfrompersontoperson,butthesamechemicalprocessoccursoneachofus.Inreactiontoanxiety,ourbodiesproduceachemicalthatpreparesustoeitherfightorrunawayquickly.Scientistsrefertothisasourbodies’“fightforfright”reaction.Asaresult,wefeelthegreatenergythatmakesourhandssweat,ourheartsraceandkneesshake.4．________Practicingyourperformanceandfollowingsomesimpletipscanhelpyoucalmdownandmanagethefeelingscausedbyanxiety.Firstly,dresscomfortablyandappropriately.Secondly,beforetheperformance,takedeepbreathsandstretchtohelprelaxyourbody.Thirdly,stayawayfromdrinksthatcontaincaffeine(咖啡因).5.________Instead，tryabanana!Somedoctorsbelievethateatingabananacanhelpcalmyourheartandtherestofyourbody.Finally,whenyoulookintoacrowd,trytofocusonparticularpeopleratherthanthewholegroup.Thesetipshavehelpedmanypeoplelearntodealwiththeirfears.A．Theymightmakeyourheartraceevenfaster.B．Maybeyoudon’thavetobeonstagetogetstagefright.C．Stagefrightisreallypartofthebody’sreactiontostress.D．Withpractice,wecanlearnhowtorelaxwhileplayingsports.E．Thenyoutrytospeakyourlines,butnothingseemstocomeout.F．There’satimewhenstagefrightpreventsyoufromsteppingonstage.G．However,thegoodnewsaboutstagefrightisthattherearewaystodealwithit.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了人們經(jīng)常會(huì)經(jīng)歷的舞臺(tái)恐懼及應(yīng)對(duì)舞臺(tái)恐懼的幾種方法。1．E解析：上文提到了站在舞臺(tái)上的所聽(tīng)所見(jiàn)，下文提到了舞臺(tái)恐懼的表現(xiàn)，所以中間連接句也應(yīng)是在舞臺(tái)上的表現(xiàn)，所以選E項(xiàng)。2．B解析：下文提到在參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、演講甚至在課堂上發(fā)言都可能會(huì)經(jīng)歷這種恐懼，所以空處應(yīng)講的是有時(shí)這種恐懼不一定只出現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái)上，所以選B項(xiàng)。3．C解析：本段講的是舞臺(tái)恐懼產(chǎn)生的過(guò)程及身體對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)，所以空處應(yīng)該解釋舞臺(tái)恐懼與身體反應(yīng)的聯(lián)系，所以選C項(xiàng)。4．G解析：下文講的是應(yīng)對(duì)舞臺(tái)恐懼的方法，所以空處應(yīng)統(tǒng)領(lǐng)本段內(nèi)容，所以選G項(xiàng)。5．A解析：上文提到要遠(yuǎn)離含有咖啡因的飲料，下文應(yīng)該陳述原因，所以選A項(xiàng)。課時(shí)練2知識(shí)運(yùn)用板塊練eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)完形填空(2018·濟(jì)南模擬)Ispentlastsummervolunteeringatahospital.Itwasagiftto__1__somanyamazingpeopleandI’dliketoshareoneofthesemoments.Oneday,Iwascalledtoaroomwherea(n)__2__womanwasstaying.UsuallyIhelpedwith__3__whowerereadytoleave.Instead,she__4__togotothegiftshop.Igota__5__，helpedherintoit,andheadeddowntotheentrance.Whenwegotthere,itwasn’topenyet.Aftera30-minute__6__，weenteredthegiftshop.AsIpushedheraround,Icouldseethe__7__inherfaceasshelookedateverything,happytobeoutofherroom.She__8__somewindowdecorations,andthensawchocolates.Sheaskedmetopushherinthat__9__，andthenIhelpedher__10__allthedifferentchocolatearrangements.__11__shedecidedonthreedifferentboxes.Shetoldmetowritethenumbers1，2and3ontheboxes.She__12__thatthenursesweretakingsuchgoodcareofher,soshe__13__chocolatesforeachofthethreeshiftsofnurses.Aswegavethecurrentshiftofnursestheirboxofchocolates,they__14__offeredsometomebeforetakingsomethemselves.Therewere__15__allaround.Witnessingtheoldlady’s__16____andgettingtheopportunitytospendtimewithsomeonewhogotsomuchjoyfromlifewerea__17__initself.Ihavesomanymorestories,andeachpersonmadeanimpactonmylife.I’ve__18__thathealthhasawayofbringingpeopletogether.__19__isablessing,andbeinginaplacewherehealthisso__20__andappreciatedisunlikeanythingelse.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在醫(yī)院做義工的經(jīng)歷，老人的善良和快樂(lè)讓作者領(lǐng)悟到健康是福的道理。1．A.introduce B．meetC．a(chǎn)ttract D．describeB解析：上文提到作者在醫(yī)院做義工，下文提到分享故事，由此可知，此處指“見(jiàn)到”許多了不起的人。故選B項(xiàng)。2．A.elderly B．strangeC．important D．famousA解析：從下文的“oldlady’s”可知，此處指“上了年紀(jì)的”。故選A項(xiàng)。3．A.nurses B．kidsC．patients D．parentsC解析：從語(yǔ)境可知，此處指作者作為醫(yī)院的義工，通常幫助那些準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)的“病人”。故選C項(xiàng)。4．A.pretended B．wantedC．failed D．promisedB解析：上文提到作者通常幫助那些準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)的病人。結(jié)合Instead“反而”可知，此處老人并不是準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)，而是想去禮品店。故選B項(xiàng)。5．A.car B．shoppingcartC．wheelchair D．bikeC解析：從下文的“AsIpushedheraround”可知，此處指“輪椅”。故選C項(xiàng)。6．A.ride B．walkC．drive D．waitD解析：前一句提到“當(dāng)我們到達(dá)禮品店時(shí)，商店還沒(méi)有開(kāi)門(mén)”，可以推斷此處指30分鐘的“等待”。故選D項(xiàng)。7．A.relief B．a(chǎn)nxietyC．joy D．puzzleC解析：從空后的“happytobeoutofherroom”可知，此處指“高興”。故選C項(xiàng)。8．A.chose B．madeC．used D．receivedA解析：上文提到“shelookedateverything”，接下來(lái)應(yīng)是“選擇”。故選A項(xiàng)。9．A.manner B．caseC．direction D．pointC解析：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指老人要求作者推著她朝巧克力的方向走去。故選C項(xiàng)。10．A.preparefor B．makeupC．figureout D．lookthroughD解析：根據(jù)空后的“allthedifferentchocolatearrangements”可以推出，此處指作者幫老人“瀏覽”了所有不同的巧克力的布置。故選D項(xiàng)。11．A.Suddenly B．EventuallyC．Fortunately D．ActuallyB解析：在作者幫老人瀏覽完后，“最終”老人做出了決定。故選B項(xiàng)。12．A.explained B．declaredC．expected D．imaginedA解析：上文提到老人購(gòu)買(mǎi)了三種不同盒子的巧克力并讓作者在上面寫(xiě)上數(shù)字。接下來(lái)是老人向作者解釋為何這樣做。故選A項(xiàng)。13．A.exchanged B．designedC．tasted D．boughtD解析：老人解釋說(shuō)護(hù)士們?nèi)绱司牡卣疹櫵?，所以她為輪班的護(hù)士“買(mǎi)”了巧克力。故選D項(xiàng)。14．A.infact B．a(chǎn)talossC．inturn D．a(chǎn)teaseC解析：當(dāng)作者他們給當(dāng)前值班護(hù)士巧克力時(shí)，值班護(hù)士轉(zhuǎn)而給了作者一些。故選C項(xiàng)。15．A.whispers B．smilesC．shouts D．cheersB解析：從下文的“whogotsomuchjoyfromlife”可知，此處指“微笑”。故選B項(xiàng)。16．A.kindness B．choiceC．decision D．lonelinessA解析：結(jié)合上文老人的行為不難看出，老人是一個(gè)善良的人。故選A項(xiàng)。17．A.lesson B．chanceC．gift D．factC解析：此處指作者的感慨：能和從生活中得到如此多快樂(lè)的人在一起本身就是一個(gè)“禮物”，和上文第一段中的“Itwasagiftto...people”相呼應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)。18．A.concluded B．imaginedC．predicted D．learnedD解析：此處指作者從做義工的經(jīng)歷中“學(xué)習(xí)”到，健康常常把人們聚集在一起。故選D項(xiàng)。19．A.Health B．LuckC．Virtue D．PraiseA解析：上文中作者提到健康，接下來(lái)說(shuō)，“健康”是福，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。20．A.tested B．valuedC．maintained D．promotedB解析：此處指待在健康被如此“重視”的地方和其他事情不同，空處與空后的“appreciated”并列。故選B項(xiàng)。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)語(yǔ)法填空AccordingtodatafrompopulationreportsandstatisticsmadebytheWorldBank,Japanesepeoplein20131.____________(live),onaverage,to83yearsold,andthecountryitselfranks2.____________thetopfivenationswiththelongestlifeexpectancy(預(yù)期壽命)．3．____________majorcontributortoJapan’shighlifeexpectancyandoverallhealthistheirdiet,asdeterminedbythecountry’sMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare.Accordingtoarecentstudy4.____________(publish)bytheBMJ,Japanesepeople5.____________keptonthetraditionalJapanesedietduringthe15-yearstudyhadamortalityrate(死亡率)15%lowerthanthosewhodidnot.Further,thosewho6.____________keepwerealso7.____________(little)likelytosufferfromsomediseases.Japan’sMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare8.____________(break)thetraditionalJapanesedietdownintheirversionofthefoodpyramid,calledthe“JapaneseFoodGuideSpinningTop”．ThoughtheJapanesedietgivesspecial9.____________(important)tohighintakesoffishandsoybeanproductsinsteadoffats,itis10.____________(general)abalanceofgrains,vegetables,fishandmeat,andmilkandfruits.However,theguidealsoincludessnacks,sweets,cakesandalcoholicdrinks,whichcanbeconsumedincontrol,ratherthancompletelyrejected.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告。日本位居預(yù)期壽命最長(zhǎng)的五個(gè)國(guó)家之首，飲食是日本人長(zhǎng)壽的主要原因，本文主要分析了日本傳統(tǒng)飲食的特點(diǎn)以及國(guó)家對(duì)國(guó)民飲食的指導(dǎo)。1．lived解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in2013”可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填lived。2．on/among解析：考查介詞。句意為：日本人2013年的平均壽命是83歲，位居預(yù)期壽命最長(zhǎng)的五個(gè)國(guó)家之首。onthetop意為“在頂部”；此句也可理解為：位居預(yù)期壽命最長(zhǎng)的五個(gè)國(guó)家當(dāng)中，用among。故填on/among。3．A解析：考查冠詞。空格處修飾名詞“contributor”，表示泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞；且major的讀音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭。故填A(yù)。注意首字母大寫(xiě)。4．published解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語(yǔ)“study”與“publish”之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用所給詞的過(guò)去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填published。5．who/that解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為“Japanesepeople”指人，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)。故填who/that。6．did解析：考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)上文中的“had”和“didnot”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)借助于助動(dòng)詞did。故填did。7．less解析：考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意及上文中的“l(fā)ower”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞little的比較形式。故填less。8．breaks解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本句主語(yǔ)是“Japan’sMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare”，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。本段敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，故時(shí)態(tài)主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填breaks。9．importance解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞“special”應(yīng)修飾名詞。故填important的名詞形式importance。10．generally解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，日本飲食通常也是谷類(lèi)、蔬菜類(lèi)、魚(yú)類(lèi)、肉類(lèi)以及牛奶和水果的一個(gè)平衡。generally意為“通常”，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。故填generally。課時(shí)練3語(yǔ)法寫(xiě)作增分練第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2018·江西贛中南五校高三第一次聯(lián)考)TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists，drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether61.____________(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.Thesebacteria62._____________(be)abletoresist63.____________(power)antibiotic(抗生素)drugs.Theresistanceissounusuallystrongthatallthe12bacteriahavebeengivenaspecialname“superbug”．TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthisweekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman64.____________(healthy)．Itsaidtheyhave65.____________abilitytoeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers.TheWHOsayssuperbugscanalsopassalonggeneticmaterial66.____________helpsotherbacteriabecomeresistanttodrugtreatment.Marie-PauleKienyistheAssistantDirector-GeneralattheWHO.Shesaid，“Antibioticresistanceisgrowingandwearefastrunningout67.____________treatmentoptions.”Sheurgedgovernmentstogivedrugcompaniesreasonstodevelopnewtreatments.“Ifweleaveittomarketforcesalone，thenewantibioticswemost68.____________(urgent)needarenotgoingtobedevelopedintime，”shesaid.Antibioticdrugscanlosetheireffectivenesswhenpeopletakemoreorlessthantheamount69.____________(require)bydoctors.Whenthishappens，infectionsthat70.____________(treat)atonetimeeasilybecomeresistant.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了世界衛(wèi)生組織呼吁開(kāi)發(fā)新的藥物，以應(yīng)對(duì)超級(jí)病菌對(duì)人類(lèi)健康的威脅。61．todevelop解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填todevelop。62．a(chǎn)re解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處表示客觀的陳述，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；結(jié)合空前的“Thesebacteria”可知，應(yīng)填are。63．powerful解析：考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞短語(yǔ)，故填形容詞powerful。64．health解析：考查名詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。humanhealth意為“人類(lèi)健康”，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。65．the解析：考查冠詞。ability被不定式短語(yǔ)“toeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers”所修飾，表示特指，故用定冠詞the修飾。66．that/which解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞geneticmaterial。67．of解析：考查介詞。固定搭配runoutof意為“用完”，故填介詞of。68．urgently解析：考查副詞。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或句子。故此處應(yīng)用副詞urgently修飾動(dòng)詞need。69．required解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，require和amount之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。70．weretreated解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“atonetime”可知，treat所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，且動(dòng)詞treat和infections是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第四部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修