大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)（年月考試改革適用）模

擬試卷31（共9套）

（共543題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)（年月考試改革適用）模

擬試卷第1套

一、作文（本題共I題，每題7.0分，共I分。）

1、Forthispart,youareallowed30minutesiowriteashortessayaboutaplacewhich

youlikemost.Youshouldstatethereasonsandwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan

180words.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Shanghai—aShinyOrientalPearlIfIwereaskedaboutmyfavoriteplace.

Shanghaiwoulddefinitelycometomymindfirst.Asaneconomichubandcultural

exchangecenter,Shanghaiboastsofapleasantenvironment,interestingpeopleand

intriguingscenicspots,allofwhichmakemereluctanttoleave.LocatedintheYangtze

RiverDeltainEastChina,Shanghaienjoysaratherenjoyableenvironment.Inahumid

climate,treesstandhighalongtheroads,andbrightflowersinfullbloomcoverthe

grassland.WheneverIgo,Icanalwaysfeastmyeyesonthecharmingscenery.Thanksto

asoundandstableeconomyandtheconvenienttransportation.Shanghaiattractsalarge

numberofpeoplefromhomeandabroad.Comingfromdifferentculturalbackgrounds,

peopleinthismetropolislendtohaveaninclusiveattitudetowardeachother.Also,there

arenumeroushistoricalplacesofinterestinShanghai,suchastheWorldExpoCenter,

theBund,YuGarden,tonamejustafew.InShanghai,onecanexperiencethehistory

fromancientChinatothemodernworld.Inconclusion.Shanghaiismyfavoriteplace

becauseofitsagreeableenvironment,interestingpeopleandplacesofinterest.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

二、聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話（本題共8題，每題7.0分，共8分。）

2、

A、HelikesParisalot.

B、Hedoesn'tknowFrench.

C、HeisgoodatFrench.

D、HeisaFrenchman.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

3、

A、ItwasheldinChina.

B、Itwasaboutsettingupafactory.

C、Ilhasgotanewboard.

D、Itwasunsuccessful.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

4、

A^Persuadehimtoquitsmoking.

B、Findanewjobforhim.

C^Askhimtobeindependent.

D^Tellhimhowtowork.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

5、

A、Sheislookingforabusstop.

B、Sheisheadingforaplace.

C>Shehatestakingawalk.

D、Sheknowsthewayherself.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

6、

A^Tobuyanewmap.

B、Toaskanotherperson.

C>Togowithher.

D、Tofindthelibraryhimself.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

7、

A、Hissister.

B、Hisfather.

C、Hismother.

D、Hisbrother.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

8、

A、Gettingreadyfortheexams.

B、Takingthefinalexams.

C、Seeingsomebodyelse.

D、Preparingforsomethingunknown.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

9、

A、SheislookingforLinda.

LindaisstayingwithM汰e.

C、Shedoesn'tknowwhereMikeis.

D、MikeiswaitingforLinda.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

三、聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話（本題共7題，每題7.0分，共7分0）

10、

A、Theysometimeslooksimilartoeachother.

Theylookliketwinsisters.

C、Theydon'tlooklikeeachother.

D、Theyhavethesameexpressions.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

II、

A、Thewomangetsbirthdaygiftsfromhersistereveryyear.

B>Thewomanoftenwritestohersister.

C^Thewomanreceivedaletteronherlastbirthday.

D、Thewomanreceivesbirthdaygiftsinnormaldays.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

12、

A、Thewomanisoneyearolderthanhersister.

B、Thewomansometimesfightswithhersister.

C、Thewomanalwaysmeetshersister'srequirements.

D、Thewomanmeetshersisteronceamonth.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

13、

A、Hegotthejobattheageof16.

B、Hedidsomecleaninginashop.

C、Heworkedfor10hoursaweek.

D、Heusedtoworkonv/eekends.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

14、

A、Bycar.

B、Bybike.

C、Bybus.

D、Onfoot.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

15、

A、Themanwasalwaysfeelingdepressed.

B、Themanhadlittlemoneyleftafterwork.

C^Themanspentmorethanheearned.

D、Themanearnedalotfromhisfirstjob.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

16、

A、Hehadtofinishschoolwork.

Hewastiredofchangingjobs.

C^Helivedfarawayfromthenewshop.

D、Hewasn'thappywiththepay.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

四、短文理解（本題共/0題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

17、

A、Theyarecrazypeople.

B、Theycan^helpthemselves.

C、Theyhavebadpersonality.

D、Theyarenotlovedbytheirfamily.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

18、

A>Interpersonalrelationships.

B、Strangecharacters.

C、Physicalproblems.

D、Genesandfaultybrainactivities.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

19、

A、Theythinkitisuseless.

Theycanhardlyaffordit.

C、Theydon'tthinktheyarcsick.

D、Theirfamilydoesn,tsupportit.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

20、

A、Sharetheirownexperienceswiththem.

B、Tellthemthatactuallytheyaren'till.

C、Givethemmoreencouragement.

D^Showthemhowtobehappierandhealthier.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

21、

A^Toimitatetheirworkingstyle.

B>Toberecognizedassuccessful.

C>Tobelesshardworking.

D^Tomakefriendswiththem.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

22、

A、Theysometimescomplainaboutthesystem.

B、Theytrytheirbesttosolveproblems.

C、Theyalwaysdomoreworkthanothers.

D、Theyneedlittlepreparationtofinishtheirwork.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

23、

A、Theywanttokeepthemassecrets.

B、Theyhavefewfriendsatwork.

C、Theywanttofocusonwork.

D、Theydon'twanttobetalkative.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

24、

A、Mostofthemkeepmorethanonepet.

B>Alotofthemspendalotontheirpets.

C、Morethanhalfofthemhavegotonedog.

D^Almosthalfofthemhavegotatleastonedog.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D「「

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

25、

A^Peopleoftendisagreeonmosttopics.

B、Peopletreatpelsbetterthantheirspouses.

C、Petsalwaysmakeamess.

D^Petsneedgreatcare.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

26、

A、Theyareloyaltopeople.

B、Theyarecuteandfurry.

C>Theyarequietandclean.

D、Theycanprotectpeople.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

五、短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě)（本題共10題，每題L0分，共70分。）

Businessesarestructuredindifferentwaystomeetdifferentneeds.The[Bl]

formofbusinessiscalledanindividualorsolebusiness.Thebusinessmanov/ns

allofthepropertyofthebusinessandis[B2]everything.Forlegalpurposes,

withthiskindofbusiness,theownerandthecompanyarethesame.Thismeansthe

businessmangetstokeepalloftheprofitsofthebusiness,butmustalso[B3].

Anotherkindofbusinessisthepartnership.Twoormorepeoplegointobusiness

together.An[B4]isusuallyneededtodecidehowmuchofthepartnershipeach

personcontrols.Onekindofpartnershipiscalledalimitedliability（責(zé)任）partnership.

Thesehavefullpartnersandlimitedpartners.Limitedpartnersmaynotshareasmuchin

theprofits,buttheyalsohavelessresponsibilityforthebusiness.Doctors,lawyersand

[B5]oftenformpartnershipstosharetheirrisksandprofits.Ahusbandand

wifecanformabusinesspartnershiptogether.Partnerships[B6]onlyforas

longastheownersremainalive.Thesameistrueofindividualbusiness.Butcorporations

are[B7]tohaveanunlimitedlifetime.Acorporationisthemostcomplexkind

ofbusinessorganization.Corporationscansellstockasawayto[B8].Stock

representssharesofownershipinacompany.Investorswhobuystockcan[B9]

theirsharesorkeepthemaslongasthecompanyisinbusiness.Acompanymight

usesomeofits[BIO]topaydividends（紅利）asarewardtoshareholders.Orthe

companymightreinvestthemoneybackintodiebusiness.

27、[Bl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：simplest

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

28、[B2I

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：responsiblefor

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

29、[B3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：payanydebts

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

30、[B4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：agreement

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

31、[B5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：accountants

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

32、[B6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：exist

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

33、[B7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：designed

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

34、[B81

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：raisemoney

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

35、[B9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：trade

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

36、[B10]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：earnings

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

六、詞匯理解(本題共10題，每題7.0分，共10分。)

Forcenturies,boysweretopoftheclass.Butthesedays,that'snolongerthe[Cl]

.AnewstudybytheOECD,examinedhow15-year-oldboysandgirlsperformed

atreading,mathematicsandscience.Boysstillscoresomewhatbetteratmaths,andin

sciencethegendersare[C2]equal.Butwhenitcomestothestudentswho

really[C3],thedifferenceisobvious:boysare50%morelikelythangirlsto

fall[C4]ofbasicstandardsinallthreeareas.Whyaregirlsperformingbetterat

schoolthantheirmaleclassmates?First,girlsreadmorethanboys.Reading[C5]

isthebasisuponwhichallotherlearningisbuilt.Whenboysdon'tdowellal

reading,theirperformanceinotherschoolsubjects[C6]too.Second,girls

spendmoretimeonhomework.Researcherssuggestthatdoinghomework[C7]

byteachersislinkedtobetterperformanceinmaths,readingandscience.Boys,it

[C8],spendmoreoftheirfreetimeinthevirtualworld:theyare17%more

likelytoplayonlinegamesthangirlseveryday.TheyalsousetheInternetmore.Third,

peerpressureplaysa[C9].Alotofboysdecideearlyonthattheyarejusttoo

coolforschoolwhichmeansthey'remorelikelytobe[CIO]inclass.Teachers

markthemdownforthis.Inanonymous(匿名的)tests,boysperformbetter.Infact,the

gendergapinreadingdropsbyathirdwhenteachersdon'tknowthegenderofthepupil

theyaremarking.A)appearsB)caseC)distinguishesD)dramaticallyE)engaged

F)cxpcricnccG)lazyH)noisyI)proficicncyJ)rolcK)roughlyL)sctM)shortN)strugglc

O)suffers

37、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于定冠詞ihe之后，口本句的謂語(yǔ)為系動(dòng)詞is,故應(yīng)填入單數(shù)

名詞作表語(yǔ)。上文提到，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，男生都是班級(jí)里的尖子，而本句句首的

but表轉(zhuǎn)折，故本句所表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是與上文相反的情況，故空格處應(yīng)填入case,意

為“情況”。備選的名詞中，experience”經(jīng)驗(yàn),經(jīng)歷“、proficiency”能力，水平”和

role”作用，功能”均不符合文意，故排除。

38、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主要成分完整，空格前面為系動(dòng)詞are,后

面為形容詞equal,由此可推知，該處很有可能填入副詞。上文提到，男生在數(shù)學(xué)

上的分?jǐn)?shù)稍微高些，下文轉(zhuǎn)折后提到區(qū)別明顯，因此可推知，此處表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是男

女生在理科方面的分?jǐn)?shù)大致相等，故空格處應(yīng)填入roughly”大致上，粗略地”。備

選的副詞dramatically“顯著地”不符合文意，故排除。

39、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)成分，關(guān)系詞指

代的主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在，故應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形。上文提到，男生在數(shù)學(xué)上

的分?jǐn)?shù)稍微高些，而男女生在理科方面的分?jǐn)?shù)大致相等。本句句首的bul表轉(zhuǎn)折，

故本句所表達(dá)的含義應(yīng)該與上文相反，即說(shuō)到確實(shí)很努力的學(xué)生時(shí)，這種差別很明

顯，故空格處應(yīng)填入struggle'、努力，奮斗”。備選的動(dòng)詞set'、布置”不符合文意，故

排除。

40、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于fall和of之間，且。f后面跟的是名詞短語(yǔ)，故可推測(cè)此處

應(yīng)該是考查一個(gè)固定搭配。上文提到，說(shuō)到確實(shí)很努力的學(xué)生時(shí)，這種差別很明

顯。一般情況下，冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)冒號(hào)之前的部分進(jìn)行的解釋?zhuān)虼嗽摼浔磉_(dá)

的是男生在所有這三個(gè)領(lǐng)域達(dá)不到基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的可能性比女生高50%。故空格史應(yīng)

填入short?fallshortof意為“達(dá)不到；缺乏'L

41、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于系動(dòng)詞is之前，故應(yīng)填入名詞和reading共同構(gòu)成主語(yǔ),根

據(jù)下文可知，此處表達(dá)的是閱讀能力是所有其他學(xué)習(xí)建立的基礎(chǔ)，故空格處應(yīng)填入

proficiency”能力，水平”。備選的名詞中,experience”經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷”和role"作用，功

能”均不符合文意，故排除。

42、[C6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：0

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于主句中，主句中缺少謂語(yǔ)成分，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在且主語(yǔ)為不

可數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式作謂語(yǔ)。如果男生在閱讀方面不能取得

良好成績(jī)，那么他們?cè)谄渌麑W(xué)習(xí)科目中的表現(xiàn)也會(huì)變差，故空格處應(yīng)填入

suffers“遭受，受損害”。備選的動(dòng)詞中，叩pears“看上去好像，似乎”和dis—

tinguishes"區(qū)別，區(qū)分”均不符合文意，故排除。

43、[C7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；空格位于suggest后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句句子成分完整，由空格前

的主語(yǔ)doinghome-work和空格后的byteachers可知，空格應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，

同byteachers共同構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。上文提到，女生在家庭作業(yè)上花

費(fèi)的時(shí)間更多。研究人員表明完成老師布國(guó)的作業(yè)與在數(shù)學(xué)、閱讀和理科方面更好

的表現(xiàn)有關(guān)聯(lián)，故空格處應(yīng)填入set“布置”。備選的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞engaged”從事,

加入“不符合文意，故排除。

44、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處是插入語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是it,所以應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞第

三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式作謂語(yǔ)。上文提到，女生在家庭作業(yè)上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間更多。此處應(yīng)該

是相對(duì)于上文的轉(zhuǎn)折，即男生似乎在虛擬世界里花費(fèi)更多的空閑時(shí)間，玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游

戲、使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等，故空格處應(yīng)填入appears”看上去好像，似乎”。備選的動(dòng)詞

distinguishes'、區(qū)別，區(qū)分''不符合文意，故排除。

45、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，空格位于不定冠詞a之后，故應(yīng)

填入單數(shù)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。上文分別指出了在學(xué)校里女生比男生表現(xiàn)得更好的兩點(diǎn)原

因。本段闡述第三點(diǎn)：同齡人的壓力也發(fā)揮了作用，故空格處應(yīng)填入⑹e”作用，

功能備選的名詞experience”經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷”不符合文意，故排除。

46、[CIO]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于系動(dòng)詞be和介詞短語(yǔ)inclass之間，故應(yīng)填入形容詞。很多

男生很早就決定他們只是學(xué)校里的酷學(xué)生，這就意味著他們?cè)诎嗉?jí)里更可能吵鬧，

故空格處應(yīng)填入noisy"喧鬧的，有噪音的”。備選的形容詞lazy“懶惰的，怠惰的”

不符合文意，故排除。

七、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀(本題共10題，每題L0分，共70分。)

CreativeDestructionofHigherEducationA)Highereducationisoneofthegreat

successesofthewelfarecountry.Whatwasoncetheprivilegeofafewhasbecomea

middle-classentitlement,thanksmainlytogovernmentsupport.Some3.5million

Americansand5millionEuropeanswillgraduatethissummer.Inthemodemworld

universitiesaredevelopingrapidly:Chinahasaddednearly30millionplacesin20years.

YetthebusinesshaschangedlittlesinceAristotletaughtattheAthenianLyceum(雅典學(xué)

園)：youngstudentsstillgatherataspecifictimeandplacetolistentothewisdomof

scholars.B)Atpresent,arevolutionhasbegun,thankstothreeforces:risingcosts,

changingdemandandnewtechnology.Theresultwillbethecompletechangeofthe

university.Whilethepricesofcars,computersandmuchelsehavegreatlyfallen,

universitieshavebeenabletochargeevermoreforthesameservicebecausetheyare

protectedbypublicfundingandthehighvalueemployersplaceondegrees.Fortwo

decadesthecostofgoingtocollegeinAmericahasrisenby1.6percentagepointsmore

thaninflationeveryyear.C)Formoststudents,theuniversityremainsagreatdeal.The

totallifetimeincomefromobtainingacollegedegree,innet-present-value()terms,

canincreaseasmuchas$590,000.Butanincreasingnumberofstudentshavegonedeep

intodebt,especiallythe47%inAmericaand28%inBritainwhodonotcompletetheir

course.Asforthem,thedegreebynomeansvaluesforthatsumofmoney.Andthe

governmentbecomesmoreandmoreunwillingtofundtheuniversity.InAmerica

governmentfundingperstudentfellby27%between2007and2012,whileaverage

tuitionfees,adjustedforinflation,roseby20%.InBriiain,tuitionfeesclosetozerotwo

decadesagocanreach$15,000ayear.D)Thesecondfactorresultinginchangeisthe

labormarket.Inthestandardmodelofhighereducation,peoplegotouniversityintheir

20s.Adegreeisanentrytickettotheprofessionalclasses.Butautomationisbeginningto

havethesameeffectonwhite-collarjobsasithasonblue-collarones.Accordingtoa

studyfromOxfordUniversity,47%ofoccupationsarcatriskofbeingautomatedinthe

nexttewdecades.Asinnovationwipesoutsomejobsandchangesothers,peoplewill

needtotopuptheirhumancapitalallthroughtheirlives.E)Bythemselves,thesetwo

forceswouldbepushingchange.Athird-technology—ensuresit.Theinternet,which

hasturnedbusinessesfromnewspapersthroughmusiciobooksaleupsidedown,will

turnoverhighereducation.NowtheMOOC,or"MassiveOpenOnlineCourse",is

offeringstudentsthechancetolistentostarlecturersandgetadegreeforafractionofthe

costofattendingauniversity.MOOCsstartedin2008:however,theyhavesofarfailed

toliveuptotheirpromise.Largelybecausethereisnoformalsystemofaccreditation(認(rèn)

證)，drop-outrateshavebeenhigh.Butthisischangingasprivateinvestorsandexisting

universitiesaredrawnin.Oneprovider,Coursera,claimsover8millionregisteredusers.

1houghitscoursesarcfree,itreceiveditsfirst$Imillioninincomeslastyearafter

introducingtheoptiontopayafeeofbetween$30and$100tohavecourseresults

certified.Another,Udacity,hasteamedupwithAT&TandGeorgiaTechtoofferan

onlinemaster'sdegreeincomputing,atlessthanathirdofthecostofthetraditional

version.HarvardBusinessSchoolwillsoonofferanonline"pre-MBA"for$1,500.

StarbuckshasofferedtohelppayforitsstafftotakeonlinedegreeswithArizonaState

University.F)MOOCswilldestroydifferentuniversitiesindifferentways.Notallwill

suffer.OxfordandHarvardcouldbenefit.Peopleofgreatambitionwillalwayswantto

gotothebestuniversitiestomeeteachother,andthedigitaleconomytendstofavora

fewlargeinstitutionsinchargeofitsoperation.Thebignameswillbeabletoselltheir

MOOCsaroundtheworld.Butordinaryuniversitiesmaysufferthefateofmany

newspapers.Werethemarketforhighereducationtoperforminfutureasthatfor

newspapershasdoneoverthepastdecadeortwo,universities'incomeswouldfallby

morethanhalf,employmentintheindustrywoulddropbynearly30%andmorethan700

institutionswouldshuttheirdoors.Therestwouldneedtoadjustthemselvestosurvive.

G)Likeallrevolutions,theonetakingplaceinhighereducationwillhavevictims.Many

townsandcitiesrelyonuniversities.InsomewaysMOOCswillfurthermakethe

differencebothamongstudentsandamongteachers.Thetalentedstudentswillbemuch

morecomfortablethantheweakeroutsidethestructureduniversityenvironment.

Superstarlecturerswillearnafortune,totheangeroftheirlesscharmingcolleagues.

H)Politicianswillcomeunderpressuretohaltthisrevolution.Theyshouldrememberthat

statespendingshouldbenefitsocietyasawhole,notprotectprofessorsfromcompetition.

Thechangeofuniversitieswillbenefitmanymorepeoplethanithurts.Studentsinthe

richworldwillhaveaccesstohighereducationatlowercostandgreaterconvenience.

TheHexiblenatureofMOOCsappealstoolderpeoplewhoneedtraining.EdX,another

provider,saysthattheaverageageofitsonlinestudentsinAmericais31.Inthemodern

worldonlinecoursesalsoofferawayforcountrieslikeBraziltogoaheadWesternones

andsupplyhighereducationmuchmorecheaply.Andeducationhasnowbecomea

globalmarket:theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydiscoveredBattushig

Myanganbayar,aremarkablytalentedMongolianteenager,throughanonlineelectronics

course.I)Ratherthanmaintainingtheoldmodel,governmentsshouldmakethenewone

workbetter.Theycandosobysupportingcommonstandardsforaccreditation.InBrazil,

forinstance,studentscompletingcoursestakeagovernment-runexam.InmostWestern

countriesitwouldlikewisemakesensetohaveasingle,independentorganizationthat

certifiesexams.Changinganancientinstitutionwillnotbeeasy.Butitdoespromise

bettereducationfbrmanymorepeople.Rarelyhaveneedandopportunitysoneatlyconic

together.

47>Theintroductionofautomationaffectsthelabordemandandthenbringsaboutthe

revolutionofhighereducation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

48Theweakerstudentsandthelessattractiveteacherswillsufferfromtheinnovation

ofhighereducation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

49、MOOCsarcimprovinginthatprivateinvestorsandexistinguniversitiesarcengaged

inthem.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

50NAsfbrthosestudentswhodonotcompletetheircourse,theuniversitydegreeis

definitelynotworth$590,000.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

51、Despitearapidincreaseinthenumberofuniversitygraduates,highereducationhas

hadlittledifferencesinceitsbeginning.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A''

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

52^Governmentsaresupposedtosupportcommonstandardstocertifyonlinecoursesof

highereducation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

53、Inordertoavoidthefailure,ordinaryuniversitiesneedtoadaptthemselvestothe

digitaleconomy.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

54、Thankstoonlinecourses,studentsmayapproachhighereducationmuchmore

cheaplyandconveniently.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

55、Duetotheprotectionofpublicfundingandtheemployers'emphasisondegrees,

universitystudentsinAmericapayforarisingexpense.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

56>Mostlybecauseofthelackofformalrecognition,theratesofquittingonMOOCs

havebeenhigh.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

八、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共70題，每題1.0分，共10分。）

KentishTownRoadisaboringhighstreetinnorthLondon.Itcontainspoundshops,

hairdressersandsomeoldhardwarestores.UnlikeCamdenTowntothesouth,fullof

barsandtattoo（紋身）clubs,Hampsteadtothewest,withitspubsandclothingshops,little

seemstohavechangedonthestreetforthepastthreedecades.Oneexplanationisthat,in

commonwithotherpartsofLondon,KentishTownhaslotsofsocialhousing,aswellas

costlyVictorianterraces（排屋）.CamdenCouncil,thelocalauthority,isbuildingeven

moreinthetown.Thishelpscheapershopssurvive,suggestsTonyTraversoftheLondon

SchoolofEconomics:councilrentersarelesslikelytodriveandsorelymoreonlocal

outlets.Andthesheervolumeofcarandlorrytrafficonthebusyhighstreet,whichisa

mainroadintothecity,mightblockshoppersfromvisitingandfashionablebusinesses

fromsettingupinthearea.Populationstructureplaysapart,too.Fully72%ofthe

populationofKentishTowniswhite,includingagoodnumberofIrishresidents—higher

thantheproportioninLondonasawhole,at60%.Unlikethehighstreetsaround

PeckhamandBerixtoninsouthLondon,whichcaterforAfricanshopperswhomay

travelfartoreachthem,fewspecialistshopsdrawpeopletoKentishTown."We'renota

destinationhighstreet.'*sighsonelocaltrader.Strongoppositionofthelocalresidents

accountsforpartofthereason.Lotsofcivicgroupsareactiveinthearea,campaigning

againstnewlicensesandthelike,saysDanCarrieroftheCamdenNewJournal,a

newspaper.Alocalbusinessassociationisalsogoodatcomplaining.Partlybecauseof

this,abigsupermarkethasnotyetopenedonthehighstreet—thoughLidl,adiscounter,

willsetupshopthisyear.Soaringhousepricesintheareamightbeanotherbrakeonthe

change.Wealthyfamilybuyersmeanthatsomehousesoncesplitintoflatshavebeen

turnedbackintohomes,saysMr.Carrier.Theresultisfewershoppersonthehighstreet.

Wealthyresidentsaremorelikelytogettheirgroceriesonlineordrivetobiggerstores.

AndmostwillgoouttotheWestEndratherthanalocalrestaurant.

57、WhatdowelearnaboutKentishTownRoad?

A、Itisahighwayonlyforautomobiles.

B>Itisaboringbutfashionablewalkingstreet.

C>ItconnectsCamdenwithHampstead.

D^Itlooksalmostthesameasthirtyyearsago.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查肯特鎮(zhèn)路的基本情況。由定位段第三句可知，

與另外兩鎮(zhèn)不同，30年來(lái)肯特鎮(zhèn)路似乎并無(wú)改變，D)是對(duì)該句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，

故為答案。A)“它是一條僅允許機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)通行的大街”和B)“她是一條令人乏味但卻很

時(shí)尚的步行街”，在原文均未提及，故排除；C)“它連接了卡姆登鎮(zhèn)和漢普斯蒂

德“，顯然是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的過(guò)度推斷，該段第一句說(shuō)肯特鎮(zhèn)路在倫敦北部，第三句

說(shuō)卡姆登鎮(zhèn)在南部，漢普斯蒂德在西部，但并未交代三鎮(zhèn)是否相連，故排除。

58、WhichisthereasonforthesurvivalofcheapershopsonKentishTownRoad?

A、Socialhousingprovidesopportunitiesforcheapershops.

B、VictorianTerraceshelpthesurvivalofcheapershops.

C、Thetouristsmakeupthemainstreamconsumersoftheshops.

D、Cardriversconsumeintheshopswhentheroadisblocked.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由定位段可知，肯特鎮(zhèn)有兩種類(lèi)型的房屋：社會(huì)住房和

維多利亞式排屋。根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，第三句主語(yǔ)ihis應(yīng)該指代前文中的

socialhousing,而不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞terraces,因此有助于低價(jià)店鋪生存的是社會(huì)住

房，而不是維多利亞式排屋；第三句冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容，也進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明議會(huì)租戶(hù)不大可

能開(kāi)車(chē)去購(gòu)物，所以更多的還是依賴(lài)于當(dāng)?shù)厣啼仯@些都給低價(jià)店鋪提供了更多的

機(jī)會(huì)，故A)為答案。B)項(xiàng)意思恰恰與A)相反，故排除；C)“游客構(gòu)成了這些商店

的主流消費(fèi)者”，該段最后一句提到汽車(chē)總量和貨車(chē)流量可能遏制了顧客對(duì)商店的

光顧，C)表述與此不符，故排除；D)“當(dāng)?shù)缆窊矶碌臅r(shí)候，汽車(chē)司機(jī)會(huì)在這些店里

消費(fèi)”與原文不符，故排除。

59、By"We'renotadestinationhighstreef^Line4-5,Para.3),thelocaltradermeans

that.

A、touristsfindnowheretowanderaboutonKentishstreet

B、Kentishstreetisnotaplacecateringforvisitors

C>shopsonKentishstreetcannotattractbuyers

D、visitorsdonotcomeiobuythingsonKentishstreet

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B,J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。本題考查對(duì)該段最后一句話的理解。原文第三句說(shuō)，不

像倫敦南部的佩卡姆和布里斯頓附近的大街那樣，可以迎合那些遠(yuǎn)道而來(lái)的非洲顧

客，肯特鎮(zhèn)幾乎沒(méi)有吸引人來(lái)到這里的專(zhuān)門(mén)商店，說(shuō)明肯特鎮(zhèn)路沒(méi)有為迎合顧客而

設(shè)的商店，根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)義邏輯關(guān)系，B)“肯特街不是一個(gè)迎合觀光客的地方”與

“We'renotadestinationhighstreet”這句話的意思最接近，故為答案。A)“游客發(fā)現(xiàn)

肯特街沒(méi)什么地方可以逛”、C)“肯特街的店鋪不能吸引購(gòu)買(mǎi)者”和D)“觀光客來(lái)肯

特街不為買(mǎi)東西”在原文中均未提及，故均排除。

60、Inwhatwaydoesthelifeoflocalwealthyresidentsaffectthetown?

A^Theyrebuildthehousesandsetuplargershops.

B、Theirshoppinghabitcausesthedeclineofthelocalbusiness.

C、Theirmovingbackpromotestheprosperityofthestreet.

D、Theyconfinetheirconsumptiontothelocalshops.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。本題考查當(dāng)?shù)馗挥芯用竦纳顚?duì)肯特鎮(zhèn)的影響。原文第

五段第三句說(shuō)“大街上的顧客越來(lái)越少”，隨后第四、五句又解釋說(shuō)“富裕的居民更

可能網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物或是開(kāi)車(chē)去更大的商店。其中的大多數(shù)人會(huì)去倫敦西區(qū)，向不是當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

的餐廳”，可以推測(cè)肯特街生意蕭條的部分原因是受到了富裕家庭購(gòu)物習(xí)慣的影

響，故答案為B)。A)“他們重建了房屋，開(kāi)設(shè)了更大的商店”是對(duì)該段第二句的曲

解，原文是說(shuō)富裕家庭壬原來(lái)分隔成公寓的房子重建為大房子，不是開(kāi)設(shè)了更大的

商店，排除；C)“他們的回歸促進(jìn)了街道的繁榮”，與該段第三句“大街上顧客越來(lái)

越少''語(yǔ)義完全對(duì)立，排除；D)“他們將消費(fèi)限定在當(dāng)?shù)氐纳痰昀铩泵黠@與該段第

四、五句意思相反，排除。

61、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatKentishTown.

A、doesn'tdevelopfastbecauseitsroadsaretoonarrow

B、holdsalargernumberofwhitepopulationthanLondon

C、rejectsnewbusinessesandfulfilskindoflocalprotectionism

D、mayonedaybecomeacommunityforonlywealthyfamilies

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。本題考查肯特鎮(zhèn)的信息。根據(jù)第四段可知，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹?/p>

對(duì)頒發(fā)新許可證這類(lèi)事物，當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€(gè)商業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)也擅長(zhǎng)這種控訴。由此可知，肯特

鎮(zhèn)拒絕新企業(yè)入駐，實(shí)施地方保護(hù)主義，故C)為答案。A)“發(fā)展不快是因?yàn)榈缆诽?/p>

窄”，第二段主要說(shuō)社會(huì)住房促進(jìn)了廉價(jià)商店的存在，而擁堵的道路又阻礙了外來(lái)

購(gòu)物者的進(jìn)入，因而肯特鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展較慢，直接將發(fā)展慢歸因于道路窄過(guò)于武斷，故排

除；B)“白人數(shù)量比倫敦多”，根據(jù)第三段可知，肯特鎮(zhèn)白人占當(dāng)?shù)乜側(cè)丝诘?/p>

72%,比白人占倫敦總?cè)丝诘谋壤€要高，兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)的是人口比例，不是人口的

真實(shí)數(shù)量，故排除；D)“可能有一天會(huì)變成一個(gè)只有富裕家庭的社區(qū)”，第五段并未

提及，故排除。

Polygraphs,or"liedetectors”,areusedwidelyinAmerica,includingonsexoffenders,

butinBritainmanyremainskeptical.Polygraphsdonotdetectlies.Theymeasure

changesinphysiology,suchasbreathingrate,sweatingandbloodpressure.Tellingliesis

oftenstressfulandcanpromptjumpsinthereadings.Butotherthings—fear,

embarrassment,worriesaboutbeingwrongfullyaccused-candothesame.Enthusiasts

saythatpolygraphsaccuratelydetectlies80-90%ofthetime.TheBritishPsychological

Societycitesstudiesshowingsimilarfiguresbutcautionsthatproblemsintheresearch

meanthattherealrateisprobablymuchlower.And"falsepositive"rates(defininga

truthfulpersonaliar)canbeashighas47%.Boostersofthegovernment'sschemesay

thepointisthatusingpolygraphsencouragessexoffenderstorevealmoreinformation,

before,duringandafterthetest.Ina2010-2011pilotstudyoffenderswhotook

polygraphtestsmademorethantwiceasmany"clinicallysignificantexposures"-

informationthatcouldpromptchangesinthewaytheyarcmanaged—asthosethatdid

not.Manysaidtheywouldnothavedonesowithoutundergoingthetest.JaneWood,a

psychologistattheUniversityofKentwhoco-authoredthereportonthepilot,saysthat

someoffendersfoundthetestshelpfulaswaytoconvincetheirfamiliestheywerebeing

honestabouttheirbehaviour.Otherssaidthatthediscussionspromptedwhentheyfailed

thetesthelpedthembettertounderstandtheconditionsoftheirlicense.Polygraphtests

donotstandontheirown,arguesDonGrubin,aprofessorofpsychiatryatNewcastle

University:theyshouldbeoneofanumberoftoolsusedtoassessoffenders.Nonetheless

someremainuneasy.Thoseusingthetestsmaybecomecontented,worriesAnne

McAlindenofQueen'sUniversity,Belfast,andgivethemexcessiveweight.Inthe

government'sstudy,themoretestsoffenderstook,thefewerlieswerelabeled.That

mightindicatethattheybecamemoretruthful,oritmightsuggestthattheyweregetting

betteratgainingthetest.

62、Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutpolygraphsistrue?

A、TheyarewidelyusedandtrustedbyAmericansaswellastheBritish.

B、Theytestpsychologicalchanges,suchasfear,embarrassmentandworries.

C、Theyareprovedtobeabletodetectliesasaccuratelyhighas80-90%ofthetime.

D、Theymaynotbeasreliableasenthusiasts