2025高考英語大二輪專題四語法填空第四講無提示詞之連詞——析成分，記用法，判定句子連詞依據句際關系來考查并列句和三大從句，是高考語法填空的重點和難點，也是考生的易錯點。分析句子成分，牢記從句用法是解題的關鍵。【思維導圖】——連詞解題2大宏觀思維方向并列連詞【典例】限時3分鐘，體會并列連詞的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhethertobiteasmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue(舌頭).2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelopandtoseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.3.(2022·全國乙卷)The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(發布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperationandculturalexchanges.4.(2021·全國甲卷)Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.5.(2021·浙江6月卷)AlthoughMarylovedflowers,neithershenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.6.(2020·浙江1月卷)It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthierandmoreproductiveforlonger.【圖解技巧】【解題規則】1.表示并列或遞進關系的有：and,both...and...(兩者都),notonly...but(also)...(不但……而且……)等。2.表示選擇關系的有：or,either...or...(或者……或者……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……)等。3.表示轉折或對比關系的有：but，yet，while(而，然而)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等。4.表示因果關系的有：so,for等。從句引導詞在語法填空中，從句引導詞的考查涉及三大從句，即定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句。了解三大從句引導詞的意義和用法是解題的關鍵?！舅季S導圖】【典例】限時4分鐘，體會定語從句引導詞的用法。1.(2023·全國甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco－existencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins，borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage－oldfables.2.(2023·全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewhich/thatwelcomesthefast－paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st－centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.3.(2022·全國甲卷)Onthe1，100－kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,wholosthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesthatlivewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.5.(2021·天津3月卷改編)AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstandswhereartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.6.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.7.(2023·濟南高三英語模擬)Itwasahuman’sturnonMarch16，whenadoctorintheChinesecityofSanyaputadeviceintothebrainofapatientnearly1，900milesawayinBeijing.【解題規則】1.關系代詞定語從句中缺主語或者賓語時，用關系代詞：(1)that/which(用來指物)注意：介詞之后或引導非限制性定語從句時，只用which。(2)who/whom/that(用來指人)注意：whom只能作賓語，介詞之后只用whom。(3)whose作定語，可修飾人或物，表先行詞和定語從句的主語之間的所屬關系。(4)as可指人或物(常用于句首)。2.關系副詞(1)引導詞在定語從句中作狀語，用關系副詞when，where，why。(2)牢記case，climate，scene，atmosphere，stage，situation，spot，position，point等名詞作先行詞，引導詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用關系副詞where引導定語從句。3.“介詞＋which/whom”結構定語從句中不缺主語或賓語時，常常用“介詞＋which(指物)/whom(指人)”代替關系副詞。其中介詞的選擇遵循以下原則：(1)看與先行詞的搭配；(2)看與從句謂語的搭配；(3)看句意?！镜淅肯迺r3分鐘，體會狀語從句引導詞的用法。1.(2020·浙江1月卷)IwasrunningsofastthatIbouncedoffthetrunkandlandedonmybackside.2.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.3.(全國Ⅱ卷)ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhenIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.4.(全國Ⅱ卷)Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentswereuntilIenteredhighschool.5.(全國Ⅲ卷)Overtime,as/whenthepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.6.(2023·揚州高三月考)Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemonthsbeforehecouldrecoverandreturntowork.【解題規則】1.句意法確定狀語從句的引導詞(1)while/when/as/since/before/after/until引導的時間狀語從句(2)if/unless/once引導的條件狀語從句(3)though/although/while/as/whatever/whoever/however引導的讓步狀語從句(4)where/wherever引導的地點狀語從句(5)because/since/as引導的原因狀語從句2.固定句式法確定狀語從句的引導詞(1)so/such...that...如此……以至于……(2)not...until...直到……才……(3)Itwas/wasn’t＋一段時間＋before...過了多少時間才/沒過多長時間就……(4)Itissometime(一段時間)＋since...自從……多長時間(5)whether...ornot...無論……還是……【典例】限時3分鐘，體會名詞性從句引導詞的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.ThisiswhytheyneedanEnglishtrainer.2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“Hesavedmyson’slife，”saidMrs.Brown.“Idon’tknowhowtothankhim.”3.(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb,forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakwhether/ifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree－quartersofthetime,theyagreed.4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout－of－this－worldscenes.5.(2021·北京卷改編)Thepoorwomanwasn’tabletogivehimanyinformationaboutwhereshelived.【解題規則】1.從句不缺任何成分且句子意義完整，考慮用that引導主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，此時that沒有詞義，也不作任何成分。2.從句不缺成分，有疑問，表“是否”時，用whether引導名詞性從句，if只可用于動詞后的賓語從句中。3.分析句子結構，缺少主語、賓語、表語時用連接代詞what，who，whom，which，whatever，whichever，whoever等。4.缺少狀語(結合句意判斷)時用連接副詞where(表地點)，when(表時間)，how(表方式或程度)，why(表原因)等。5.it作形式主語或形式賓語的名詞性從句要牢記。連詞題集中特訓Ⅰ.專項演練解題提示：認真分析句子結構，先判斷是否填連詞，再根據句意確定填哪個連詞。1.(2023·金麗衢十二校第二次聯考)InEnglish,thereisafamousphrase：“EyeoftheTiger”，whichmeansfiercenessandstrength.2.(2023·揚州高三模擬)ThereisevidencethatacupuncturebeganduringtheStoneAge,whenstonetoolscalledbianwereusedtopressareasofthebody.3.(2023·邯鄲高三上學期摸底考試)AsI’monly16,andhavenoyoungersiblings,Ihaveneverhadanyexperienceofworkingwithchildrenbefore.IhadnoideahowIcouldspendthosedays.4.(2023·泰州高三第二次調研)ThedayoftheSpringEquinoxiswhenthesunisdirectlyabovetheequator.5.(2023·寶雞高考模擬二)Intheearly20thcentury,HenryFord,thefounderoftheHenryFordMotorCompany,probablyneverimaginedwhathisproductionsystemwouldmeantotheworld.6.(2023·稽陽聯考)Artistsmighthavesunkintoastatewheretheyforgotthemselves,didn’tneedtothinkandlosttrackoftime,andinspirationswouldjust“flowout”especiallysinceIdon’tspeakPortuguese.7.(2023·綿陽一診)ThereisanoldcustominsouthernChinathatpeopledrinkteaonthedayofGrainRain.8.(2023·荊州高三第一次模擬)DuringtheHanera,thepopulartheoryoflanguagewasthatusingthecorrectnamesforthingswasessentialforpropergovernment.9.(2023·蘇州高三調研)Becausetheyaresorare,muchofwhatweknowaboutpandascomesfromstudyingthesezooanimals.10.(2023·哈師大附中高三模擬)Therearedoubtswhetherthenewdrugwillbeeffectiveintreatingthedisease.11.(2023·南通高三第二次調研)Theserelics，datingfromtheSpringandAutumnPeriodtotheQingDynasty，includedavarietyofitems，mostofwhichareplates，vasesandfigurines.12.(2023·重慶南開中學高三質檢)“Whetherit’sahugecommercialsuccessornot,thisfilmrepresentsagreatattemptintoexploringreality－themedChineseanimatedfilmproduction，”readsaWeibopost.13.(2023·昆明第一中學高三下期月考)While/Though/Althoughasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvivehere,theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest’sfoodchain.Theyfeedonatleast87species,includingfrogs.14.(2023·孝感高考模擬)Apartfromthat,thedecoratedresumesdolittlehelptofindajobbecausemostHRmanagerspaymoreattentiontoskills.15.(2023·長沙第二次模擬)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhich/thatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.16.(2023·泰州高三第一次調研)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.17.(2023·福州高三第二次質檢)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479 B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.18.(2023·溫州十校聯考)Theteachertriestocreateanatmospherewherehisstudentscancommunicateeffectively.19.(2023·石家莊高三質檢)SearchenginessearchtheInternetbasedonthekeywordsyoutypein,andchoosesuchwebpagesforyouascontainthewordsyouaskfor.20.(2023·南京高三第一次調研)Itwas1897whenaEuropeanchemistcalledDr.FelixHoffmanproducedaspirinfromthischemical.Ⅱ.模擬沖關解題提示：解題時，請尤其關注連詞填空題。(2023·南通高三第二次調研)WheneverSongJingvisitsamuseum,sheneverfailstocheckoutthesectiononancientbooks.Inadditiontoappreciatingthewisdomhiddeninthosehistoricalvolumes,shefocuseson1.____________theywerejoinedandpresented.Song2.____________(work)intherestorationdivisionforancientbooksattheNationalLibraryofChinainBeijingforeightyears.Theseasonscomeandgooutsideherworkshop,buttimeisrelativeforSongandherfellowrestorers.Theirworkiscalculatednotthrough“years”3.____________“lifetimes”.Theflowoftimemaybehardlyfeltexceptthroughtheyellowingpagesandthegrayingofhair.Theprimaryobjectiveofancientbookrestorationis4.____________(extend)thelifeperiodofthedocument.The5.____________(high)thesimilaritybetweentheoriginalandtherestorationmaterials,themoreconsistenttheirrateofagingwillbe,andthusthebettertheancientbookscan6.____________(preserve).Asachild,Songwasfascinatedby7._______________(documentary)abouttheworld’sculturalrelicsandbecamedeeplyinterestedinantiquerestoration.Shespenthoursresearchingculturalrelics,8.____________(frequent)localmuseumsandreadingrelatedbooks.Itusuallytakesatleasttwotothreeyearsfromlearningandfollowingamaster9.____________onecanindependentlyleadarestorationproject.“AncientChinesecivilizationhasleftbehindavastnumberofbooks,manyof10.____________requirerestoration，”Songsays.“Hopefully,Icaninspiremoreyoungpeopletofindtheirlifelongpassioninthefieldofculturalheritagepreservation.”【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報道。介紹了宋靜為什么從事文物修復，以及它的意義所在。1.how[考查名詞性從句。句意：除了欣賞隱藏在這些歷史卷中的智慧，她還關注它們是如何被連接和呈現的。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，從句中句意完整，所以應該用連接副詞引導，根據句意應該用how引導。故填how。]2.hasbeenworking/hasworked[考查時態和主謂一致。句意：宋在北京中國國家圖書館古籍修復部工作了8年。分析句子結構可知，本句缺少謂語動詞，所以work作本句謂語，根據時間狀語foreightyears，因不知是否還在繼續工作，所以既可以用現在完成時，也可以用現在完成進行時。故填hasbeenworking或者hasworked。]3.but[考查并列連詞。句意：他們的工作不是用“年”而是用“一生”來計算的。分析句子結構可知，根據前文的“years”和后文的“lifetimes”可知兩者是轉折關系，應用but連接。故填but。]4.toextend[考查非謂語動詞。句意：古籍修復的首要目標是延長文獻的生命周期。分析句子結構可知，本句已有謂語動詞is，所以extend應該用非謂語形式，根據句意，此處是表目的，應該用不定式作表語。故填toextend。]5.higher[考查比較等級。句意：原始材料與修復材料的相似性越高，其老化速率越一致，古籍的保存也就越好。分析句子結構可知，此處考查固定句型：“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”意為“越……就越……”。故填higher。]6.bepreserved[考查語態。句意同上題。分析句子結構可知，本句缺少謂語動詞，所以preserve作本句謂語動詞，主語是books，兩者間是被動關系，應該用被動語態，空前是情態動詞，所以空后應填動詞原形。故填bepreserved。]7.documentaries[考查名詞的數。句意：小時候，宋靜就被關于世界文物的紀錄片迷住了，并對古董修復產生了濃厚的興趣。分析句子結構可知，空前后都是介詞，所以空處應填名詞，documentary為名詞，意為“紀錄片”，是可數名詞，根據句意可知，此處應填復數形式。故填documentaries。]8.frequenting[考查非謂語動詞。句意：她花了很多時間研究文物，經常逛當地博物館，閱讀相關書籍。分析句子結構可知，本句是排比，考查固定搭配：spendtime(in)doingsth，空處和researching一起作賓語，所以空處應填動名詞形式。故填frequenting。]9.before[考查狀語從句。句意：從學習和跟隨大師到能夠獨立領導修復項目，通常需要至少兩到三年的時間。分析句子結構可知，此處考查固定句型：“Ittakes＋一段時間＋before引導的時間狀語從句”意為“過了多久才……”。故填before。]10.which[考查定語從句。句意：“中國古代文明留下了大量的書籍，其中許多需要修復，”宋說。分析句子結構可知，空處引導的是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是books，在從句中作賓語，用which引導。故填which。](2023·廣州統考一模)TheGrandCanalisthelongestand1.____________(old)canalintheworld.ItformsavastinlandwaterwaysysteminChina,runningfromthecapitalBeijinginthenorth2.____________ZhejiangProvinceinthesouth.3.____________(construct)insectionsfromthe5thcenturyBCEandcompletedandmaintainedbyseveral4.____________(dynasty),itformedthebackboneofChina’sinlandcommunicationssystem,whichenabledthesupplyofrice5.____________(feed)thepopulation.TheGrandCanalreachedanewpeakinthe13thcentury,providinganinlandshippingnetworkconsistingofmorethan2，000kmofartificialwaterways,6.____________linkedfiveofthemostimportantriverbasinsinChina,includingtheHuangheRiverandtheChangjiangRiver.Still7.____________majormeansofinternalcommunicationtoday,it8.____________(play)animportantroleinensuringtheprosperity(繁榮)andstabilityofChinaovertheages.TheGrandCanalbearswitnesstoaremarkableandearlydevelopmentofhydraulicengineering(水利工程).Itisanessentialtechnologicalachievement9.____________(date)frombeforetheIndustrialRevolution.Itisaperfectexampleofdealingwithdifficultnaturalconditions,asisreflectedinthemanyconstructionsthatare10.____________(full)adaptedtothediversityandcomplexityofcircumstances.ItbestdemonstratesthetechnicalcapabilitiesofEasterncivilizations.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要介紹了京杭大運河。1.oldest[考查比較等級。句意：大運河是世界上最長和最古老的運河。分析句子可知，空處和longest并列，也用最高級，譯為“大運河是世界上最長和最古老的運河”，故填oldest。]2.to[考查介詞。句意：它在中國形成了一個龐大的內河航道系統，北起首都北京，南至浙江省。分析句子可知，前文runningfrom...和to搭配，譯為“從首都北京到浙江省”，故填to。]3.Constructed[考查非謂語動詞。句意：它從公元前5世紀開始分段建造，由幾個朝代完成和維護，形成了中國內陸交通系統的支柱，使大米的供應能夠養活人口。分析句子可知，空處的邏輯主語為句子主語it，指代前面的大運河，提示詞為“建造”，大運河被建造，用過去分詞Constructed。故填Constructed。]4.dynasties[考查名詞的數。分析句子可知，dynasty為可數名詞，因前面有several“一些”，所以dynasty用復數，故填dynasties。]5.tofeed[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，根據固定搭配enablesb/sthtodo，且feed后面有賓語thepopulation，所以用主動，故填tofeed。]6.which[考查定語從句。句意：大運河在13世紀達到了一個新的高峰，提供了一個由2000多公里人工水道組成的內河航運網絡，連接了中國五個最重要的流域，包括黃河和長江。分析句子可知，空格在從句中作主語，放在逗號后面，為定語從句的關系代詞，指代前面的network，故填which。]7.a[考查冠詞。句意：今天，它仍然是國內交流的主要手段，在確保中國歷代繁榮和穩定方面發揮了重要作用。分析句子可知，means為單復數同形的名詞，表示泛指，major首字母的發音為輔音音素，冠詞為a。故填a。]8.hasplayed[考查時態和主謂一致。根據句中時間狀語“overtheages”可知，該空用現在完成時，且主語it為單數，故填hasplayed。]9.dating[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，datefrom“追溯到”，非謂語作定語，意為“追溯到工業革命之前的成就”，用主動，故填dating。]10.fully[考查詞性轉換。句意：這是處理困難自然條件的完美例子，這反映在許多完全適應環境多樣性和復雜性的建筑中。分析句子可知，副詞fully作狀語。故填fully。]第一講有提示詞之動詞類——立足三大類型，破解千變動詞動詞提示類設空是歷年高考的必考點，也是難點之一。因此備考時對動詞提示類的訓練仍是重中之重。【思維導圖】——動詞提示類宏觀思維3大方向第一節立足3大著眼點，全面出擊謂語動詞題【思維導圖】——謂語動詞題3大思維方向動詞時態——4法破解謂語動詞時態【典例】限時5分鐘，體會動詞時態的用法。1.(2023·全國乙卷)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,means(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.2.(2022·全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears，Caohas__walked(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents，andin2016，hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro，Africa’shighestmountain.3.(2022·全國乙卷)Tocelebratethefestival，anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSocietyaddressed(address)theopeningceremony.4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henrywas__fixing(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.5.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist，theysmiledandpointed(point)downtheriver.6.(2020·浙江7月卷)Byabout6000BC，peoplehad__discovered(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.7.(2023·江西省名校聯合測評)Chinahas__promoted(promote)itsownapproachtoclimategovernancethathighlightsgreenrecoverysofar.8.(2023·衢州一中高三一模)Hopinghewouldnotbeseen,Bobrushedin，picked(pick)uphisbookandrushedout.9.(2023·沈陽高三監測)Iwas__driving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.【圖解技巧】【解題規則】1.時間標志法認清常考時態的標志性時間狀語(1)現在完成時：since，recently，lately，already，yet，inthelast/pastfewyears，sofar/uptonow，for＋時間段，eversince等。(2)過去完成時：by＋過去時間點，如bythen，bytheendoflastyear等。(3)一般過去時：yesterday,lastyear,in2022,twodaysago,一段時間＋later等。2.語境暗示法從近幾年高考來看，時態主要是通過語境暗示解題。通過正確理解語境，尤其是上下文的時態對照，是解決時態問題的一條行之有效的方法。3.并列謂語法同一個主語的兩個或兩個以上的并列謂語，謂語動詞時態要一致。常見的并列連詞有and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等。4.固定句式法掌握常用句式也是解決時態問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時要積累并熟記一些常用句式。(1)was/weredoingsthwhen＋一般過去時(2)had(just)donesthwhen＋一般過去時(3)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethat＋過去完成時動詞語態——主謂邏輯關系定語態【典例】限時3分鐘，體會動詞語態的用法。1.(2023·全國甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbe__employed(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2.(2022·浙江1月卷)Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike—frequentlybyplane—is__viewed/has__been__viewed(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.3.(2021·全國甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.Itwas__built(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復).4.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewouldbe__chosen(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.5.(2023·河南省名校聯考)Themedalsare__called(call)“Tongxin”，meaning“togetherasone”，andfeaturefiveconcentric(同心的)ringsrepresentingthetraditionalChinesethoughtofharmonybetweenheaven,earthandhumanbeings.【圖解技巧】【解題規則】1.被動語態的基本結構(bedone)(1)一般現在時：am/is/are＋done(2)一般過去時：was/were＋done(3)一般將來時：willbe＋done(4)現在進行時：am/is/are＋being＋done(5)過去進行時：was/were＋being＋done(6)現在完成時：have/has＋been＋done(7)過去完成時：had＋been＋done2.情態動詞的被動語態：情態動詞＋bedone主謂一致——主謂一致解題3原則【典例】限時5分鐘，體會主謂一致的用法。1.(2023·全國乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,Iwas__amazed(amaze)bytheco－existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產)whileconstantlygrowing.2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwere(be)previouslyunprotected.3.(2022·北京卷)Theuseofthoseplasticshas__increased(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.4.(2022·浙江1月卷)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—have__promised(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.5.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I’dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwrotetowas(be)AlaskaAirlines.6.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarries(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearthcomingbacktolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.7.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthave__reported(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements.8.(2023·武漢七校高三聯考)However,thereisroomforconstantimprovement,assomepartsoftheC919are__imported(import)fromtheWest.9.(2023·長郡中學高三模擬)Wearcomfortableshoes,andmostofall,enjoythebeautyofnaturethatsurrounds(surround)youinthisamazingChinesemountain!【圖解技巧】【解題規則】1.語法一致原則(1)可數名詞單數或不可數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數，可數名詞復數作主語，謂語動詞用復數。(2)就遠原則：主語后跟有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，inadditionto，like,but，except，ratherthan，including等引導的短語時，要考慮謂語動詞的數與前面的主語保持一致。(3)在定語從句中，關系代詞that，who，which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與主句中先行詞的數一致。2.就近一致原則(1)分析句子結構，發現提示詞作謂語，看到主語由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...，not...but...等連接時，要考慮就近原則確定謂語動詞的單復數。(2)分析句子結構，發現提示詞作謂語，看到there,here引起的主語不止一個時，謂語動詞的數通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。3.意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(不可分割的整體)時，謂語動詞用單數。(2)動名詞、動詞不定式、名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數。

第二節運用5大妙法，巧妙判定非謂語動詞非謂語動詞看似是比較難以掌握的語法，但是只要抓住了三種非謂語動詞的本質用法，很多問題便會迎刃而解?！舅季S導圖】——非謂語動詞題3大思維方向關鍵標志詞法——瞄準4類詞，快速判斷非謂語形式【典例】限時5分鐘，體會非謂語形式的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhetherto__bite(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2.(2022·浙江1月卷)ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%，andsheplansto__continue(continue)thepractice.3.(2021·全國甲卷)Afterspending(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!4.(2021·全國乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andaccommodationsaimto__have(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.5.(全國Ⅱ卷)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.6.(2023·珠海模擬二)Atonepoint,someoneofferedto__trade(trade)meanalcoholicbeverage(飲料)andagoldenfeatheredheaddressformycamera.7.(2022·孝感模擬)Somesayitisnecessaryforgraduatestospendmoneyinproducing(produce)embellishedresumesandbuyingsuitableclothes.8.(2021·江西六校聯考)Theguidedogbeingdeniedboarding(board)isjustthetipoftheiceberg,comparedtothevariousdifficultiesfacedbythecountry’svisuallyimpairedpopulationeverydaywhentheyleavetheirhome.9.(2023·西安中學第六次模擬)Iwon’tcallmyselfthemostaccomplishedpersonwhenitcomestoholding(hold)chopsticks.10.(2023·邯鄲一模)Theeventalsoinspiredherto__found(found)FairFight,asawaytohelpprotecttherighttovotenotjustinGeorgia,butinallstates.【圖解技巧】【解題規則】1.只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞(短語)enjoy，consider，escape，include，avoid，miss，risk，appreciate，admit，mind，imagine，delay，allow，permit，finish，suggest，deny，practise，excuse，beworth，insiston，keepon，succeedin，giveup，cannothelp等2.只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞hope/wish/expect，agree/promise，demand/ask，refuse，manage，learn，decide/determine，pretend，choose/select，plan，offer，intend，apply，fail，afford，prepare，desire，happen，aim，wait，threaten等3.只能跟不定式作賓語補足語的動詞tell，order，allow，permit，enable，persuade，force，warn，encourage，inspire，expect等。4.介詞后作賓語要用動名詞，特別注意介詞to后也要用動名詞。(1)介詞后常跟動詞－ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，且前面有實義動詞do時，不定式就要省略to。(2)關注介詞to的固定短語·lookforwardto...期待，盼望……·objectto...反對……·bedevotedto...致力于……·beopposedto...反對……·adapt/adjustto...適應……·leadto...導致……邏輯關系法——利用邏輯關系，迅速判定分詞形式【典例】限時5分鐘，體會分詞的用法。1.(2022·全國甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheld(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth－floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2－metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthefalling(fall)child.3.(2022·全國甲卷)Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4，700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20,planning(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.4.(2022·北京卷)Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasinglysupported(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.5.(2023·梅州一模)Inrecentyears,“MadeinChina”hasincreasinglybeenrecognizedastherepresentationofChinesecultureoffered(offer)byhomegrownChinesebrands,orsimply“China－Chic”.6.(2023·日照4月校際聯考)LastOctober,theRussiangovernment,hoping(hope)toeasetensionsaheadofelectionsearlythisyear,announcedapricefreezeformilk,breadandotherfoodsthroughtheendofJanuary.7.(2023·成都一診)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.8.(2023·江西省名校高中聯合測評)Surveyed(survey)bytheNationalForestryAdministration,therearepossibly220millionhectaresofforestinChina.9.(2023·濟寧三模)Thenationaltreasuresarenolongercoldanddistantobjectshoused(house)inmuseumsbutlivelyandhumorousentertainerswhocansingandtalk.10.(2023·華中師大附中5月適應性考試)Zibo－stylebarbecue’sclassicthree－piecesetcontainsroastlamb，greenonions，andthinpancakes，which，combined(combine)，makeamouth－wateringcombo(組合餐).【圖解技巧】【解題規則】1.現在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區別＝Themobilephonewhichislyingonthedeskbelongstome.(themobilephone和lie為主謂關系，即主動關系，故用現在分詞)＝Themobilephonewhichislaidonthedeskbelongstome.(themobilephone和lay為動賓關系，即被動關系，故用過去分詞)2.現在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區別在句首的分詞相當于時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句；在句末的分詞常作伴隨狀語、方式狀語、結果狀語、不能改成從句。＝Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.(theearth和see為動賓關系，故用過去分詞)＝Whenweseetheearthfromspace,we’llfinditblue.(we和see為主謂關系，故用現在分詞)3.現在分詞和過去分詞作賓語補足語的區別在make，have，see，observe，notice，watch，hear等動詞后可用現在分詞和過去分詞作賓語補足語。(賓語somebody和sing為主謂關系，故用現在分詞)(賓語thissong和sing為動賓關系，故用過去分詞)專項突破法——掌握基本用法，專項攻克不定式從最近幾年高考來看，對非謂語動詞中的不定式考查較多，因此要熟記不定式的用法，專項突破不定式?！镜淅肯迺r3分鐘，體會不定式的用法。1.(2022·全國甲卷)Avisually－challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststepto__journey(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthorityto__increase(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.3.(2022·全國乙卷)To__strengthen(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.4.(2020·天津7月卷改編)Vinnieconfirmedherabilityto__make(make)afull－lengthstatuebyhighlightingtheheavylaborshehaddonebefore.5.(全國Ⅰ卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s，andareexpensiveto__perform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.6.(2023·九師聯盟3月檢測)Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation,onlyto__find(find)theearlytrainhadgone.【解題規則】1.不定式作狀語(1)用作目的狀語用不定式；(2)onlytodosth表示出乎意料的結果；(3)某些形容詞或過去分詞作表語時，后接不定式作狀語。常見形容詞有：happy，delighted，pleased，proud，anxious，disappointed，lucky，fortunate等；(4)牢記“主語＋系動詞＋表語(形容詞easy，difficult，comfortable等)＋todo”句式，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。2.不定式作定語(1)看到由序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語。(2)看到由theonly，thelast，thenext等修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語。(3)看到被修飾的名詞(代詞)是ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，potential，reason，right，something，anything，time，way，wish等詞時，常用不定式作定語。歸類突破法——根據分類對比，判斷非謂語的形式【典例】限時2分鐘，體會非謂語形式的用法。1.(2023·泉州質檢)Withthenewsnowseasonbeginning(begin)inChina，enthusiasticskiersandsnowboardershavebeeneagertogetbackontheslopes.2.(2023·常州調研)Hesatinmyroomforafewminuteswithhiseyesfixed(fix)ontheposteronthewall.3.(2023·武漢七校聯考)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographtaken(take).4.(2023·長沙高考模擬)Ashumans,wetendtobeeasilyinfluencedwhenitcomestolikingordislikingsomething,andwe’rehappytohaveourexistingopinionsconfirmed(confirm).【解題規則】1.with復合結構(1)“with＋賓語＋todo”表示動作還未發生，其中todo不定式主動表被動；(2)“with＋賓語＋doing”表示主動、動作正在進行；(3)“with＋賓語＋done”表示被動、動作已完成。2.have后加賓補的常見用法(1)havesb/sthdoing讓某人/某物一直做；(2)havesthdone讓某事被做；(3)havesbdosth讓某人做某事。注意：在“havesthtodo(有某事要做)”結構中，不定式作定語。新考向應對法——根據邏輯與時間關系，突破非謂語的時態語態分析2022年之前的高考試卷可知，非謂語動詞主要考查其一般式，但2023年新高考Ⅰ卷和全國乙卷中，分別考查了不定式一般式的被動語態和現在分詞的完成式。對于這一新考向要引起考生的格外關注?！镜淅肯迺r6分鐘，體會非謂語時態和語態的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthemto__be__lifted(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.2.(2023·全國乙卷)Having__visited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbytheco－existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產)whileconstantlygrowing.3.Thefluisbelievedto__be__caused(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.4.Hewasunwillingtotakepartintheparty,sohepretendedto__have__forgotten(forget)thedate.5.Theoldman，having__worked(work)abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.6.LittleJimshouldloveto__be__taken(take)tothetheatrethisevening.7.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecar