推理判斷解題技巧

推理判斷題要求考生根據文章提供的線索和事實進行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實或某事發生的可

能性，將間接論據連貫起來，得出一個合理的結論。合理，就是論推理有事實根據，而不是讀者主觀臆斷

的。推理判斷題常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等詞提問。

提問中往往含有表示推測的情態動詞，如can，could，might,would等和其他表示可能性的副詞，如probably，

mostlikely等。

所謂推斷就是從已知的事情中推測未知的事情。這里所說的未知是指文章或作者沒有直接說明但已暗

示出來，或者根據作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性結論。所以推斷類題目盡管不能在文章中直接找到

答案，但我們可以在文章中找到可供推論的依據。還有一個重要的技巧就是排除法的適當運用。很多錯誤

選項的排除要靠我們對于文章事實和細節的準確把握。因此我們也要相應加強對于文章事實細節的訓練。

常見的技巧方法一般有如下幾類：

方法：在理解原文表面信息的基礎上，做出判斷和推理。得出其隱含意義和深層意思。考查對閱讀材料

全篇的邏輯關系的理解，對文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關系的理解能力。依據文章事實，得出得出符合邏

輯的結論。

陷阱：①文章直接言明的內容，這不是推斷出來的（凡是推斷題一定不選原文信息的同義表述）②注

意干擾項與文章內容有細微區別。（推理判斷一定要合情合理，有理有據，依據事實，切不可主觀臆斷）

③察言觀色，依據作者所陳述的細節、事實以及作者的措詞、態度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想

傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關知識進行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結論。

方法1邏輯推理法

邏輯推理法，即根據上下文及其相互間的關系，對文章片段或全文進行深層理解來解答題目。常以時

間關系、條件關系、因果關系、比較關系、轉折關系等作為推理根據，有時甚至還得聯系作者的意圖、態

度等弦外之音。主要考查學生對文章細節的理解和邏輯思維的推斷能力。

ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaround

yourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyour

friendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.

Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyou

canreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremaking

progress.

Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare______.

A.verynecessaryB.nothelpfulatall

C.veryboringD.notimportant

方法2觀點態度判定法

觀點態度判定法，就是從作者的措詞、語氣或對某個細節的把握來推斷作者在整篇文章中所表現出來

的態度，以及對事物的評價。主要考查學生對于作者陳述事件時所表達出的個人觀點態度的推斷能力。

WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibility

intostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-school

experiencesmoremeaningful.

Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdoingchores?

A.Hethinksit'sawasteoftime.

B.Hethinksit'stheparents'job.

C.Hecan'tunderstand.

D.Hethinksit'sgoodforstudents.

方法3目的意圖判定法

目的意圖判定法，就是根據文章內容推斷出作者的寫作意圖。主要考查學生對作者闡述的目的進行歸

納總結和分析的能力。

Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesare

floating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptin

hospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.

Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.

A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste

B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplastics

C.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution

D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste

方法4文章出處判定法

文章出處判定法，就是根據文章的語言、用詞、格式、內容等推斷出文章的出處，如雜志、報紙、網

絡等。主要考查學生對各種文章出處的特點和常識的掌握能力，以及對文章的體裁和題材的準確把握能力。

Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearned

moreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept(概念),you

foundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.

Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea...

Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresults...

Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it'stimetochangethat.Just

takethefirststep.

Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein______.

A.astorybookB.anewspaper

C.anadvertisementD.aguidebook

方法5讀者對象判定法

讀者對象判定法，就是根據文章內容推斷出文章是針對哪個群體閱讀的。主要考查學生的概括和推斷

能力。

Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying(網絡欺凌)?

Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknoworlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.

Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthe

police.Askanadultforhelp.Don'tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.

Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:

thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.

Thispassageismainlywrittenfor______.

A.teachersB.parentsC.childD.thepolice

方法6寫作目的判定法

目的意圖判定法，就是根據文章內容推斷出作者的寫作意圖。主要考查學生對作者闡述的目的進行歸

納總結和分析的能力。

Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesare

floating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptin

hospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.

Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.

A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste

B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplastics

C.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution

D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste

方法7論證方式判定法

論證方式判定法，就是對文章提出的觀點舉例子，列數字，作比較等方式去支撐文章中提出的觀點，

證明觀點的合理性。主要考查學生對題干的理解，及線索句的定位和理解能力。

TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,

Samsung(三星)CEOBKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyears

fromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit?sawashingmachineora

vacuumcleaner(吸塵器).

TheSamsungCEO’sspeechismentionedtoprove(證明)that____

A.SamsungproducedtheInternetofthingsinthepast.

B.TheInternetofthingswillcomeintoourdailylifesooner.

C.HespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings

D.SamsungproductsarepartoftheInternetofthings.

方法8篇章結構判定法

篇章結構判定法，就是對文章整體的結構，或者段落中某事件的結構進行分析總結，常以排序或結構

圖示等來考查。主要考查學生對整體文章內容的理解和概括能力。

Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.

Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’simportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingsto

do.Forexample,inChina,it’sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyorlively,

youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.

Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevencomplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.

Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysforeverybody.In

westerncountries,onepersonpayswhenheorsheisentertainingclients,butwhenfriendseattogether,they

usuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled“GoingDutch”.Also,whenWesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesome

moneyforthewaiter.Thisiscalled“leavingatip”.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheUS,peopleare

expectedtotipbetween15%and20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheserviceis.Goodwaiterscan

makealotofmoney!

Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyoutraveltoanothercountry,pleasefollowitscustoms,just

asthesayinggoes“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”

Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?

(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4)

A.①;②③;④B.①;②;③④C.①②;③;④D.①;②③④

（2023·廣東廣州·統考中考真題）

Comeon,Amy.YoumustTRYHARDER.Amytoldherselfsilently.Shewasinherclass’

Second-Day-of-SchoolGamewithherteammates,whomsheonlymetyesterday.Thiswasherfirstchanceto

makenewfriends,andshewasnervous.

SofarAmyhadn’tgivenanyusefulsuggestions—afterall,shewastotallynewtothistown.Luckily,noone

seemedtocareaboutit.Thisrelaxedheralot.

SincetheBlueTeamleftthepark,theyhadworkedoutthefirsttwoclues(線索)andhadbeentothepost

office.Nowtheywereinfrontofthecinema.

Henrywasreadingaloudthethirdclue:Gotoourtownfounder’slastrestingplace.

IknowTHISONE!Amythought,excited.

“Tothecemetery(墓地)”Cindysaid.

“No,wait!”Amysaid.“I’vereadaboutit.Thefounderwasburiednearthelibrary.”

“Wow.I’vewalkedbyeveryday,”Tylersaid.“Neverknewthat!”

“Goodjob!Thatwillsavevaluabletime,”CindysmiledatAmy.

“Westillneedtohurry,”Tylerreminded,pointingtotheYellowTeamcomingnear.

“Iknowashortcut!”Henrysuggested.“Followme!”Noonemoved.

“No,seriously,”Henrysaid.“YouknowI’malwaysrunninglate.Iknoweveryshortcutintown.”Theothers

finallyagreed.

Afewsharpturns,andtheywerethere!ThistimeAmyreadthecluealoud:Nowgototheplacewherethe

footballisrunningaround!

“Thefootballstadium!”Theycalledouttogetherandstartedtorun…

Nowthey’dgotthefinalclue:Lookwhereyou’vebeen,seewhereyouare.Useyourmapwiselyand

you’llbeastar!

Lookingcloselyatthemap,everyonethoughthard.

“Aha!Astar!”Cindysuddenlybrokethesilence.Shequicklytookoutapencil.

Astheywatchedherdrawinglinesonthemap,everyoneunderstood.

Theybeganrunningbacktowheretheystarted.Theywerecloserandcloser,andfinallycrossedthefinish

line-justonestepbehindtheRedTeam!

“So…close…”Tylermadeaface,andtheyalllaughedtogether.

“Nicejob,newgirl,”CindygaveAmyahigh-five.

“Thatwasreallyfun,”saidHenry.“Ihopewe’llbeonthesameteamsoon.”

“Me,too,”Amyagreed,smiling.

1．WhatdoesthebeginningofthestorytellusaboutAmy?

A．Shedidn’twanttoplaythegame.B．Shewasanewstudentinherclass.

C．ShewasamemberoftheRedTeam.D．Shedidn’tunderstandthegamerules.

2．WhydidtheteamletHenryleadthewayatlast?

A．Heranfastestintheteam.B．Theydidn’tknowtheway.

C．Theytrustedhisrichexperience.D．Hewasbestatplayingthegame.

3．Wherewasthefinishlineofthegame?

A．Inthepark.B．Nexttothepostoffice.

C．Infrontofthecinema.D．Outsidethelibrary.

4．WhydidAmysmileattheendofthestory?

A．Herteamcameinfirst.B．Shewasacceptedasafriend.

C．Shenolongerfeltnervous.D．Therewouldbeagamesoon.

（2023·河南·統考中考真題）

Plunk!Idroppedanotherpecan(山核桃)intomybasket.Thenagentleautumnwindblewsomemoreoffthe

tree.Irantopickthemup.Whew!Pecanpickingwashard.Mybasketwasonlyhalffull.

Iwasvisitingmygrandpa’sfarminKansas,andGrandpasentmeintothewoodstopickuppecansforusto

enjoylater.Iwasn’tabouttolethimdown.

Thensomethingcaughtmyeye:asquirrelpickedupapecan,climbedupatreeanddisappearedintoalarge

hole.Amomentlater,thesquirrelclimbeddowntothegroundtopickanotherpecan.Onceagain,hetookthe

pecanbacktohissecrethidingplaceinsidethehollow(洞)ofthetree.

Notsosecretanymore,Ithought.Iranovertothetreeandfoundthehollowwasfilledwithsweetpecans.

Theywererightthereforthetaking.Thiswasmychance.Handfulbyhandful,Itookallthepecansfromthe

hollow.Nowthebasketwasfull!

Iwassoproudofmyself.Icouldn’twaittoshowGrandpaallofthepecansI’dcollected.

“Look,Grandpa,”Ishouted,“lookatallofthepecansIfound!”

Grandpatookalookatmybasket.“Well,well,howdidyoufindsomany,Jimmy?”ItoldhimhowI’d

followedthesquirrelandtakenthepecansfromhishidingplace.Grandpacongratulatedmeonfindingout

somethingaboutthesquirrel’shabits.Thenhedidsomethingthatsurprisedme.Hehandedthebasketbacktome

andputhisarmgentlyaroundmyshoulders.

“Thatsquirrelworkedveryhardtocollecthiswinterfood,”hesaid.“Nowthatallofhispecansaregone,

don’tyouthinkthatlittlesquirrelwillbeveryhungrywhenitgetscold?”

“Ididn’tthinkaboutthat,”Isaid.

“Iknow,”Grandpasaid.“Butagoodmanshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeoneelse’shardwork,eventhe

squirrel’s.”

SuddenlyIfeltashollowasthatoldtree.Theimage(形象)ofthathungrysquirrelwouldn’tleavemymind.

TherewasonlyonethingIcoulddo.

…

根據材料內容選擇最佳答案。

1．Whydidthewritergotothewoodsatthebeginningofthestory?

A．Topickuppecans.B．Tocatchlittleanimals.

C．Tofeedthesquirrels.D．Tolookforhisgrandpa.

2．Thewriterwasproudofhimselfbecause________.

A．hewaspraisedbyhisgrandpa

B．hefoundouthisgrandpa’ssecret

C．hehelpedthesquirrelinthehollow

D．hefilledhisbasketwithsomanypecans

3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGrandpa?

A．Kindandwise.B．Caringandhumorous.

C．Shyandfriendly.D．Patientandhard-working.

4．Whatisthepossibleendingtothestory?

A．Thewritersentthepecanstohisneighbors.

B．Thewriterputallthepecansbackintothehole.

C．Thewriterhidthepecansinhisgrandpa’shouse.

D．Thewriterenjoyedallthepecanswithhisfamily.

5．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．AnunusualtreeB．Thestolenpecans

C．AsmartsquirrelD．Themagicbasket

（2023·江蘇連云港·統考中考真題）

SeiichiSano,an89-year-oldJapaneseman,ridesawaveatKataseNishihamaBeach,Thursday,March30,

2023.Hehasbeenrecognizedastheoldestmaletosurf（沖浪）bytheGuinnessWorldRecords.

Butmaybehewilljustkeepsurfing.“IthinkitwouldbeinterestingtotrytosurfuntilI’m100,”Sanosaid.

“IthinkItakebettercareofmyselfwhenIhavedreamslikethis.Evennow,ItakebettercareofmyselfthanIdid

before.”

Sanosaidhegottheideatotrysurfingfromaworkerathislocalbank.Theman’sskinwasalwaysdarkand

hedidnotlooklikeausualworker.Hissecrettokeephealthyandenergetic,hesaid,wassurfing.So,Sanofound

ateacher.

Sanogetsoutmostweekendsontheblack-sandbeach.“Idon’tconsidermyselfanoldman,”hesaidinhis

wetsuit,boardstandingnexttohim.“Ihaveneverthoughtofmyselfasanoldperson.IalwaysfeelthatIcanstill

moveforward.Icanstilldoit.Icanstillenjoyit.”

SeveralyoungstudentswhoalsoworkwithSano’ssurfteachertalkedaboutSano.

“Ithinkagedoesn’tmatterinsurfing,”a12-year-oldsurfersaid.

“Heissoamazing,”addedhisyoungerbrother.

“Tobehonest,Iwassurprisedbyhisage,”saidSano’ssurfingteacher.“Iwasworriedthathewouldgethurt.

Ididnotknowhowfithewas.”

Sanostillworks9-to-5athisjob.Surfinghelpsmakehimlessstressed.“Peopleoftensaythatsurfingislife

itself,”hesaid.“Ithinkitistrue.”

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recognized”inparagraph1probablymean?

A．Led.B．Given.C．Accepted.D．Collected.

2．Paragraph3mainlytellsus________.

A．whereSanolearnttosurfB．whySanotriedsurfing

C．howSanoplannedtosurfD．whenSanowentsurfing

3．FromthewordsoftheyoungstudentsandSano’ssurfteacher,wecaninfer________.

A．theyrespectSanoverymuchB．Sano’sageinfluenceshissurfing

C．they’reworriedaboutSano’sworkD．Sanoisoftenhurtwhenpractising

4．Accordingtothepassage,weknowSano________.

A．istoooldtostartsurfingB．getsboredwithsurfing

C．feelsstressedaftersurfingD．enjoysalotfromsurfing

（2023·山東濟南·統考中考真題）

Warmingtemperaturesandshorterwintersmightsoundliketheendofsnowdays.However,rising

temperaturesmayactuallycausesnowstormstodumpmoresnow,saysDavidRobinson.Heisaprofessorata

universityinNewJersey.Hestudiesclimate(氣候)change.

TemperaturechangeisoneofthegreatestinEarth’sclimatechangeoveralongperiodoftime.Itcanhappen

naturallyorbecauseofhumanactivities,suchasburninggasandcoal.Burningthesefuelsproducescarbon

dioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingto

warmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.

Buthowcouldwarmertemperaturesleadtomoresnow?Togetsnow,youneedmoisture(水汽)andfreezing

temperatures(0℃orless),saysRobinson.Withoutmoistureintheair,thereisnoprecipitation(rainorsnow).

Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetween

moistureandprecipitation.

“Thewarmertheairbecomes,themoremoistureitholds.So,ifit’swarmingandstillcoldenoughtosnow,

youcangetmoresnow,”Robinsonsays.

Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD．C．region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,accordingtotheNWS.

Duringthatsametimeperiod,averagewintertemperaturesinD．C．increased.In1996,theaveragewinter

temperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.

Weatherexpertssuggestthatrisingtemperaturesmaymakewintershorterandlesscold.Butfornow,the

snowisstillfalling.Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.Oncetemperatures

stayabovefreezing,snowstormsbecomerain.Untilthen,wemightcontinuetoseestrongstorms.

AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.Hesays,“Whenwelookback,years

fromnow,wemayseethatthiswasthebreakingpoint.”

1．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A．HowEarth’sclimatechanges.B．Whatcausesrisingtemperatures.

C．Whatproducescarbondioxide.D．Howpollutioninfluencesclimate.

2．Whatwillthewarmingtemperaturescauseaccordingtothetext?

A．Lesscoal.B．Drierweather.

C．Longerwinters.D．Strongersnowstorms.

3．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?

A．TointroduceD．C．

B．Toreportthebiggest10snowstorms.

C．TosupportRobinson’sideas.

D．Toshowtheincreaseoftemperatures.

4．WhatdoesRobinsonthinkofthefuturewarmingtemperatures?

A．Impossible.B．Serious.C．Meaningless.D．Amazing.

5．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A．Asciencemagazine.B．Astorybook.

C．Asciencefiction.D．Atravelguide.

（2023·山東濟南·統考中考真題）

Agardenismuchmorethanjustcreatingabeautifulenvironment.Itcanbeawaytosaveorevenmake

moneyand,morethanthat,itcanbeaplacewhereyoucanexpressyourself.Forme,it’sabitofallthesethings.I

knowitmaysoundstrangefora13-year-oldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwould

lovetomakeacareer(職業)outofit.

Ihavelearnedmanythingsthesepastfewyears.Ihavebeenreadingaboutanddoingsomegardening.So,

hereismytopadviceaboutgardening.First,youdonotneedtospendalotofmoneytohaveabeautifulgarden.

SomeofthegardensthatIthinkaretheprettiestarejustlinesofplants.Therearen’tmanygardendecorations(裝

飾)andpathways.It’sjustbeautifulplantswithfruitsandvegetables.Wecanalsofindmanyusefulthingsforfree,

frompiecesofoldwoodtooldpotsandpans.Or,wecanbuildthingsforfreefrommaterialsthatotherpeople

havethrownaway.

Ifyoujustrememberthatplantingwhatismorethanyouneedwilltakethestressawayoflosingsomeplants,

youwillsaveyourselfalotofworry,too.Besides,youneedtoaskyourselfwhichplantsproduceenoughfoodto

makethemworthgrowing.Iactuallysatdownanddidthemathsonthatonethisspring.Itamazedmewhatsome

plantswereworth.Atomato,forexample,canproduce￡50-￡150worthoffruit.Ittakesupalotofspacebutthat’s

alotofmoneycomingoutofa50-penceseed(種子)!SoifIhadknownearlierwhateachplantcouldsaveus,I

wouldhavetoldmyparentstofillourgardenwithdifferentplants.

Andfinally,gardeningdoesn’thavetobeallornothing.ButthenIguessthat’smoreofapersonality

weaknessthananything.Istrugglewithdoingthingsalittleatatime.OnceIdecidetodosomething,Iusually

devoteeverywakinghourtoitforalittlewhileandthengettired.Soit’sokaytojusthaveonetomatoplant,and

it’sokaytohaveanoffyear.Itwillsaveyoualotofstress.

1．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusaboutgardeninginparagraph1?

A．Thegardenerscanmakemuchmoney.

B．It’sjustaboutcreatingabeautifulplace.

C．Themostimportantistoexpressyourself.

D．Itmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.

2．Howwouldthewriterdescribeherfavoritegarden?

A．Simple.B．Expensive.C．Magic.D．Creative.

3．Whatadvicedoesthewritergiveusaboutgardening?

A．Usewhatwecanfindaroundus.B．Trytomakeacareeroutofit.

C．Askothergardenerstogivehelp.D．Spendasmuchtimeaswecan.

4．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewriter’sgardeningexperience?

A．Shewantstogroweverything.

B．Shedideverythingright.

C．Shehasalotoffunindoingit.

D．Sheneedstoworkharder.

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devote”meaninthelastparagraph?

A．Waste.B．Spend.C．Change.D．Count.

（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）

Youstandinagarden.Alownoisereachesyourears.Youseeasmallinsectflyingnearyourhead.Youturn

tolook,anditfliesoutofsight.Thereitisagain!Youmoveslowly.Youcanseeyellowandblackstripesonit.

Isitabee?Itlandsonaflower,andyoutakeacloserlook.

Beesfold(折疊)theirwingsontotheirbackswhentheystopflying.Butthisinsect’swingsreachoutlikea

fly’s.That’sbecauseitisafly—aflowerfly.

Manyflowerflieslooklikebees.Thishelpskeepthemsafefromanimalsthatmaywanttoeatthem.Insects

withyellowandblackstripesusuallyhavestingers(刺).Insecteaters,suchassomebirdsandfrogs,needtoget

stungonlyoncetoknowthatstripesmeantrouble.Flowerfliescan’tsting,butinsecteatersseethestripesand

leavethefliesalone.

Flowerfliesspendmostoftheirtimelookingforfood.Likebees,flowerflieseatpollen(花粉)andnectar(花

蜜).Thismakesthemeasytofindinagardenfullofflowers.Theyarehelpfulgardeninsectsjustlikebees.Adult

flowerfliesmovepollenfromoneflowertoanother,whichhelpssomeflowersgrowintofruit.

Flowerfliescanstayinoneplacewhileflying.Mostinsectsmoveforwardwhentheyfly.Butflowerflies

cantwisttheirwings,muchlikehummingbirdsdo.Twistingkeepstheminoneplace,sotheycanremainover

flowers,leaves,orevenyou!

1．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyseethispassage?

A．Nature.B．Culture.C．Fashion.D．Health.

2．Inwhichwayarebeesandflowerfliesdifferent?

A．Thefoodthattheyeat.B．Thecolouroftheirstripes.

C．Thewaytheyhelpgardenflowersgrow.D．Theshapeofwingswhentheystopflying.

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“leavethefliesalone”inParagraph4mean?

A．Makefriendswiththeflies.B．Eatthefliesup.

C．Keepawayfromtheflies.D．Invitethefliesin.

4．Whatmightthewriterofthepassageagreewith?

A．Peopleusuallypreferbeestoflowerflies.

B．Peoplesometimesmistakeflowerfliesforbees.

C．Peopleshouldstopbirdseatingbeesandflowerflies.

D．Peopleshouldhavebeautifulgardensintheirneighbourhood.

（2023·北京·統考中考真題）

Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirstthinkthathappiness

dependsonexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Ifwecouldn’thave

these,wemightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.

Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn’tbringhappiness.Whenpeoplethink

furtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,theytend(傾向于)tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbeginto

rememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap(有重疊)pleasurableonesbutfallintoagroupwitha

separatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplacewhenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsome

earlierexpectation,butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.

Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimproves

one’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthat

leadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhen

theyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun”andwish

theywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.

Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.Forexample,

everybodytakespleasureineating.However,toenjoysfoodismoredifficult—youhavetopayenoughattention

toameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithout

anypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithout

anyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated(刺激).Butit’simpossibletoenjoyatennisgameor

abookwithoutfullattention.It’sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growth

requiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.

Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butitdependsheavilyonluckandthe

external(外部的)environment.Toachievepersonalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedto

learnhowtobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.

1．Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou________.

A．buyexpensiveshoesB．orderadeliciousmeal

C．talkwithfriendsfornewideasD．sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision

2．Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage?

A．Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.

B．Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.

C．Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.

D．Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.

3．Thewords“psychicenergy”inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto____