2025高考英語大二輪專題強化練高考題型組合練作業13人與動植物類說明文作業13人與動植物類說明文A(2020·全國Ⅰ)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%more①productivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，”explainedMichaelStrano，aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina②one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduring③transmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.2．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A．Todetectplants’lackofwater.B．Tochangecompositionsofplants.C．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D．Totestchemicalsinplants.3．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmade④pollution-free?語境猜詞①productive(派)＝product＋ive②one-off(合)＝one＋off③transmission(派)＝transmi(t)＋ssion④pollution-free(合)＝pollution＋freeB(2023·全國甲)Grizzlybears，whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg，occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.Askthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthat①floodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee，andtheiranswerisoftenthesame：agrizzlybear.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange，”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore，they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.ThewesternhalfoftheU．S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame，witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s，aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975，grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Today，thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU．S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedto②de-listgrizzlies，whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswere③overturneddueto④lawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow，grizzliesremainlisted.Obviously，ifprecautions(預防)aren’ttaken，grizzliescanbecometroublesome，sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodand⑤attractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites，grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean，attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits，”saysJamesJonkel，longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.5．HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A．Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B．Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C．Theyareofhighscientificvalue.D．TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.6．Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?A．TheEuropeansettlers’behavior.B．Theexpansionofbears’range.C．Theprotectionbylawsince1975.D．ThesupportofNativeAmericans.7.WhathasstoppedtheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicefromde-listinggrizzlies?A．Theoppositionofconservationgroups.B．Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.C．Thevoiceofthebiologists.D．Thelocalfarmers’advocates.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B．Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C．Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D．Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.語境猜詞①flood熟義：n.洪水，水災生義(文義)：v.②de-list(派)＝de＋list③overturn(合)＝over＋turn④lawsuit(合)＝law＋suit⑤attractant(派)＝attract＋antC(2024·江蘇連云港高三二模)Thescienceofwhyinsectsgatheraroundlightsatnighthasneverbeennaileddown.Populartheoriesproposethatmothsandotherinsectsnavigate(確定方向)bythemoonandmistakelampsformoonlight，orthattheinsectsflytowardslighttoescapecomingdanger.Nowresearchersbelievetheyhaveamoreconvincinganswer:contrarytocurrenttheories，insectsarenotattractedtolightfromfaraway，butbecometrappediftheyflyclosetoanartificiallightsource.AccordingtoDrSamFabian，studyco-authorandImperialCollegeLondon①entomologist，mothsandmanyotherinsectsthatflyatnightevolvedtotilt(傾斜)theirbackstowhereverisbrightest.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears，thiswastheskyratherthantheground.Thetricktoldinsectswhichwaywasupandensuredtheyflewlevel.Butthencameartificiallighting.Mothsfoundthemselvestiltingtheirbackstostreetlamps.Thiscausedthemtocirclearoundthelampsendlessly，theinsectstrappedbytheirevolution.Fabianandhiscolleagues②filmedinsectflightpathsaroundlightsinthelab.Thevideosrevealthattimeandagain，mothsanddragonfliesturnedtheirbackstoartificiallights，whichappearedtogreatlychangetheirflightpaths.“Ifthelightisabovethem，theymightstartorbitingit，butifit’sbehindthem，theystarttiltingbackwardsandmayclimbupandupuntiltheyfall，”Fabiansaid.Researchershavelongwarnedthatlightpollutionisabigdrivingforceinthedramaticdeclineininsectpopulations.Mothsandotherinsectsthatbecometrappedaroundlampsbecomeeasilycaughtbybats.Theartificiallightingcanalsofoolthemintothinkingitisdaytime，causingthemtobeddownandskipanight’sfeeding.Thereare，Fabianbelieves，helpfullessonsfromtheresearch.“Whatthistellsusisthatthedirectionofartificiallightmatters.Couldwechangelightingenvironmentstonottrapinsects?Forwe’refacingamassivedeclineininsectsaroundtheworld，andartificiallightatnightisoneofthefactorsthatcouldpotentiallybeleadingtothisdecline，”Fabiansaid.9．Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“naileddown”inparagraph1mean?A．③Popularizedwidely. B．Discussedopenly.C．Definedaccurately. D．Exploredacademically.10．WhydomothscirclearoundthelampsendlesslyaccordingtoFabian’sstudy?A．Becausetheycan’tkeeptheirbalance.B．Becausetheyuseimproperflightattitude.C．Becausetheylosetrackofwhichwayisup.D．Becausetheyareattractedtolightsfromfaraway.11．Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearchfinding?A．Itmayleadtobetterconservationofinsects.B．Naturalenemiesofinsectswillbegotridof.C．Artificiallightingwillbegreatlyreducedatnight.D．Itmayraiseconcernsforinsects’eatingbehavior.12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whyinsectslosetheirabilitytoflyatnight.B．Whyartificiallightandevolutiontrapinsects.C．Howartificiallightimpactsinsectpopulations.D．Howinsectsevolveddistinctstrategiesofflight.語境猜詞①entomologist(派)＝entomolog(y)＋ist②film熟義：n.電影，影片生義(文義)：v.③popularize(派)＝popular＋ize語境猜詞答案A．①多產的，高效的②一次性的③傳輸，傳送④無污染的B．①大量涌入②除名③推翻，撤銷④訴訟，起訴⑤引誘物，引誘劑C．①昆蟲學者②錄制，拍攝③宣傳，推廣；使普及答案精析語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了綠色植物的積極作用，因此麻省理工學院的工程師們研發了一種發光植物。文章介紹了他們發明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優勢，指出在未來發光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節約能源的作用。1．D[段落大意題。根據第一段的主題句(第二句)“Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.”并結合下文“Astudy...withhouseplants.”可知，最近的研究發現了植物的積極作用。故選D。]2．A[細節理解題。根據第二段第二句“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwater...”可知，葉子上的傳感器用來顯示植物什么時候缺水。故選A。]3．C[推理判斷題。根據第三段最后一句“Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.”可知，有朝一日新技術能夠讓植物為房間提供照明，甚至使街道兩旁的樹木變為自我供電的路燈。又根據最后一段最后一句“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”可知，發光植物可以避免遠距離輸電帶來的損耗，從而節省能源。綜上可知，發光植物可以降低能源消耗。故選C。]4．C[標題歸納題。本文重點介紹了發光植物對生活照明的影響，預測發光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節約能源的效果。故C項“發光植物會取代燈嗎”是本文的最佳標題。故選C。]語篇解讀本文是說明文，講述了美國灰熊從瀕危物種恢復到了2000多頭，但也帶來了一些問題。5．A[細節理解題。根據第一段第一句可知，美國人對灰熊既害怕又敬畏。故選A。]6．C[推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句以及第四段第一句可推知，自1975年起，有了法律的保護，灰熊的數量有了增長。故選C。]7．A[細節理解題。根據第四段倒數第二句可知，是保護組織的反對阻止了美國魚類和野生動物管理局將灰熊從瀕危物種名單上除名。故選A。]8．B[推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可推知，灰熊數量增長雖然會帶來一些麻煩，但是如果采取一些預防措施，人和灰熊可以和諧相處。故選B。]eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項關于昆蟲夜晚趨光的研究以及其意義。)9．C[詞義猜測題。根據畫線短語下文可知，對于昆蟲為何會在夜間聚集在燈光周圍這一問題沒有標準答案，只有一些理論猜想，而且科學家仍在探索這一現象，故可推知畫線短語所在句意為“關于為什么昆蟲在夜間會圍繞著燈這一科學問題從未得到準確解釋”，由此推測畫線短語意為“準確解釋”，與C項意義相近。故選C。]10．B[細節理解題。根據第二段可知，正常情況下飛蛾將背向最亮處即天空傾斜，以此保持水平飛行，而當飛蛾背向路燈傾斜，由于路燈的光源是散射的，而它飛行的角度仍然采用與在月光下的飛行相同的角度，這就使它圍著路燈散射的光源打轉，故是不正確的飛行姿勢導致飛蛾無休止地繞著燈轉。故選B。]11．A[推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知，這項研究結果的意義是告訴我們可以改變人造光的方向，使昆蟲不被困住，從而更好地保護昆蟲。故選A。]12．B[主旨大意題。根據全文內容尤其第二段可知，文章主要介紹了研究發現昆蟲因進化而在夜間無休止地圍繞人造光轉，這啟示我們可以改變人造光的方向，更好地保護昆蟲，所以B項“為什么人造光和進化會困住昆蟲？”符合題意。故選B。]作業14人與環境類說明文A(2021·全國乙)You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage，forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear，theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse，”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves，frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups，thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity，Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution，butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand，becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight，theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone，thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018，VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic：Every60seconds，a①truckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork，titled“TruckloadofPlastic，”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic，whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruck②allatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.1．WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A．Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B．Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C．Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D．Reducinggarbageonthebeach.2．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A．Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B．Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C．Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D．Tofindasubstituteforthem.3．Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A．Calming.B．Disturbing.C．Refreshing.D．Challenging.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB．MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC．ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD．OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures語境猜詞①truckload(合)＝truck＋load②allatonceB(2024·安徽皖南八校聯考)Droughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain，leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently，peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem—amethodofencouragingprecipitation(降水)bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingits①effectiveness.“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththat，butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now，thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds，whichisfarmore②unpredictable，”saidhe.Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.Itmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginoneplaceanddon’tinanother，it’simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain，itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion，”saysKatjaFriedrich，aresearcherofUniversityofColorado.Additionally，it’snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthechanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought，thencloudseedingisn’tanoptionduetothelackofclouds.Duringdrought，skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontopreventdroughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels，thechemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals，andsomestudieshavefoundthemslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat，someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthe③long-termimpacts，asthereisn’tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulateintheenvironmentover10years.5．Whatisthepurposeofcloudseeding?A．Toincreasegrainoutput.B．Toslowdownglobalwarming.C．Toreducechemicalsintheair.D．Todealwithdryandrain-freeweather.6．HowisArlenHuggins’earliestexperienceinparagraph2?A．It’seffective. B．It’sunsuccessful.C．It’ssatisfying. D．It’s④fruitful.7.WhatisKatjaFriedrich’sattitudetowardscloudseeding?A．Favourable. B．Opposed.C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Droughtcurrently⑤posestheonlythreattoforestsandcrops.B．Rainmakinginanyweatherwillcometrueinthenearfuture.C．Researchersnowcannottellifrainfallisbroughtbycloudseeding.D．Chemicalssentintothecloudswillbecomelesspoisonousovertime.語境猜詞①effectiveness(派)＝effect＋ive＋ness②unpredictable(派)＝un＋predict＋able③long-term(合)＝long＋term④fruitful(派)＝fruit＋ful⑤pose熟義：n.姿勢生義(文義)：v.C(2024·湖南長沙二模)TheYellowRiveristhecradleofChinesecivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now，scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies，includingbigdata，artificialintelligence，andtheInternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmitinformationtothecenter.Basedontheinformation，a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthecomputerscreen.It’sliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.Onebig①breakthroughintheriver’sdigital②governanceis“smartstones”．AccordingtoWangQin，aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau，asmartstoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips，abattery，andasignaltransmitter.Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤壩)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.“Uponfeelingmovementofthedikestones，thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecenterforquickresponse，”Wangsaid.“Inthepast，researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves，puttingtheirlivesatrisk，”saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.“Nowthesmartstonescandothisforus，moresafely，quickly，andaccurately.”Andinthesky，drones(無人機)areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers，thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollers(巡邏員)oftheriver，lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission，thankstothedrones，researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.“Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedto③battendownthehatches(未雨綢繆)，”saidShen.Underthewaterandupinthesky，intelligencesystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources，inthefuture，wecanexpecttoseetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.9．WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?A．Toconducthistoricalresearch.B．Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.C．Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.D．Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.10．Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver’sdigitalgovernance?A．Theyrecordwaterquality.B．Theyimprovetheriver’sbeauty.C．Theymonitorandreportthestatusofthedike.D．Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.11.WhatisoneofthefunctionsofdronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiver?A．Entertainingtourists.B．Collectinginformationondikeconditions.C．Patrollingandtakingwildlifephotos.D．Testingwaterquality.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“comprehensive”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Complete.B．Basic.C．Beautiful.D．Natural.語境猜詞①breakthrough(合)＝break＋through②governance(派)＝govern＋ance③battendown語境猜詞答案A．①一卡車(的量)②突然地；同時B．①有效性，效力②無法預測的③長期的④成果豐碩的⑤造成，引起C．①突破，重大進展②管理，治理③準備應對可能的麻煩或困難答案精析語篇解讀藝術家BenjaminVonWong非常關注塑料污染的問題，他用回收的廢舊塑料垃圾創作巨型雕塑，以喚醒和提高人們的環保意識。1．C[推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句“Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage，forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.”可知，藝術家VonWong制作雕塑的目的是迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料制品的關系，即關注塑料垃圾造成的問題。故選C。]2．A[細節理解題。根據第三段的內容，尤其是其中的“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution...becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight，theycannotberecycled.”可知，全球僅有9%的塑料廢棄物被回收利用，而且作者特別說明了塑料吸管因為體積小和重量輕而無法被回收。由此可知，作者在第三段討論塑料吸管的問題是為了說明塑料吸管回收的困難。故選A。]3．B[推理判斷題。根據第四段的內容可知，TruckloadofPlastic這一作品直觀展現了塑料污染的嚴重性，會令人不安，故選B。]4．D[標題歸納題。通覽全文可知，作者主要講述了藝術家VonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以喚起人們對環保問題的關注，故選D。]語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講了雖然人工增雨被認為是解決干旱問題的一種方法，但是人工增雨的效果難以確定，并且存在環境問題和受氣候條件的制約。因此，雖然人工增雨可能會在一些條件下對緩解干旱有一定益處，但其實用性和可行性仍有待討論。5．D[細節理解題。根據第一段“Droughtisanincreasingproblem...encouragingprecipitation(降水)．..chemicalsintoclouds.(在我們日益變暖的世界里，干旱是一個日益嚴重的問題。所有大陸都經歷了更多的長時間無雨期，導致森林火災和作物生長不良。因此，人們正在研究人工增雨來解決這個問題——一種通過將某些化學物質的小顆粒送入云層來促進降水的方法)”可知，人工增雨是為了應對干旱無雨的天氣。故選D。]6．B[推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Myearliestexperience...luckwiththat(我最早的實踐是在科羅拉多州東北部使用人工增雨來減少冰雹的數量。我們運氣不好)”可知，ArlenHuggins最初的實踐沒有成功。故選B。]7．D[觀點態度題。根據第三段中KatjaFriedrich的話“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain，itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion(由于人工增雨成本高昂，其有效性也不確定，因此其實用性仍有待討論)”可知，KatjaFriedrich對人工增雨的做法持懷疑態度。故選D。]8．C[推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.(問題是，很難知道降水是否直接來自人工增雨)”可知，研究人員現在無法判斷降雨是否是由人工增雨帶來的。故選C。]eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了黃河數字孿生體的創建目的、運行方式和發展。)9．D[細節理解題。根據第一段“TheYellowRiveris...Andfloodcontrolandprevention...bygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.(黃河是中華文明的搖籃。洪水的控制和預防一直是保障黃河沿岸人民幸福生活的關鍵。現在，科學家們可以通過給黃河創建一個數字孿生體來更好地解決這些問題)”可知，創建黃河數字孿生體的主要目的是加強洪水的控制和預防工作。故選D。]10．C[細節理解題。根據第三段中“Theyareburiedin...ofdikestones.(它們被埋在重要的堤壩上，以記錄和報告堤壩石塊的活動)”以及第四段“‘過去，研究人員必須冒著生命危險，親自到現場了解堤壩的情況，’來自該局的趙瀟雄說道。‘現在智能石頭可以幫我們更安全、更快速且更精確地完成這項工作。’”可知，智能石頭監測和報告堤壩的狀況。故選C。]11．B[細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中“Ontheroutesdesigned...floodpreventionprojects.(在工程師設計的路線上，無人機成為河流的專業巡邏員，監視河堤和防洪工程)”可知，無人機在黃河數字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防狀況信息。故選B。]12．A[詞義猜測題。根據最后一段內容可知，在水下和空中，智能系統正在幫助保護黃河流域的各個方面，據水利部表示，在未來，我們可以期待為這條重要河流建設一個更全面的數字系統。由此猜測，畫線詞意為“全面的”。故選A。]作業15書籍作品介紹及書評類說明文A(2023·新課標Ⅱ)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook，representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory，inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading，weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”，artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool，withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago，buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeused①symbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智)，wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress，booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently，asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway，artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers，pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpage②outdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview，theprintedbookiscertainlyancient，butitremainsasinteractiveasany③battery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction，abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened，thepagesparted，thecontentsreviewed，perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked，aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate，“off-line”activity.1．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook. B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum. D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.2.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A．Wealthandintellect.B．Homeandschool.C．Booksandreading.D．Workandleisure.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A．Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B．Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C．Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D．Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.語境猜詞①symbolically(派)＝symbol＋ic＋ally②outdated(合)＝out＋dated③battery-powered(合)＝battery＋poweredB(2022·全國乙)In1916，twogirlsofwealthyfamilies，bestfriendsfromAuburn，N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead，Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted：TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden，whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well，theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon，however，theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily，theHarrisons，and，likethem，hadlittleprivacy，rarebaths，andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings，RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring，thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook，she①expandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff，onherhorse，lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains，it②shedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes，coyotes，mice，andvaryinghares，whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”5．WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A．Toteachinaschool. B．TostudyAmericanhistory.C．Towriteabook. D．Todosightseeing.6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A．Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B．Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C．Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D．Theysufferedseverehardships.7.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A．TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B．ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C．TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D．ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.8．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport. B．Abookreview.C．Achildren’sstory. D．Adiaryentry.語境猜詞①expandon②shed熟義：n.棚生義(文義)：v.C(2024·四川攀枝花二模)RecentlyI’vebeendrawntobookswhichmotivatemetolookatmyself，andhopefu