江蘇省無錫新領航教育咨詢有限公司八年級英語上冊知識點總結牛津版江蘇省無錫新領航教育咨詢有限公司八年級英語上冊知識點總結牛津版【知識梳理】I.重點短語1.ontime2.bestwishes3.giveatalk4.forexample5.shortfor6.awasteoftime7.goonafieldtrip8.gofishing9.Iagree10.nextweek11.thedayaftertomorrow12.haveapicnic13.havesomeproblemsdoingsth.14.gothewrongway15.hurryup16.gettogether17.intheopenair18.onMid-AutumnDay19.comeover20.haveto21.gethome22.agreewith23.inthecountry24.intown25.allthesame26.infrontof27.ontheleft/rightside28.nextto29.upanddown30.keephealthy31.growup32.atthesametime33.thedaybeforeyesterday35.lastSaturday36.halfanhourago37.amomentago38.justnow39.bytheway40.allthetime41.atfirst1用心愛心專心II.重要句型1.havefundoingsth.2.Whydon’tyou??3.We’regoingtodosth.4.startwithsth.5.Whynot??6.Areyougoingto??7.befriendlytosb.8.You’dbetterdosth.9.asksb.forsth.10.saygoodbyetosb.11.Goodluck(withsb)!III.交際用語1.Welcomebacktoschool!2.Excuseme.I’msorryI’mlate,becausethetrafficisbad.3.Itdoesn’tmatter.4.HappyTeachers’Day!5.That’sagoodidea.6.Whatareyougoingtodo,7.Wherearewegoing?8.Whatarewegoingtodo?9.I’mgoodat?10.It’snotfarfrom?11.Areyoufreetomorrowevening?12.WouldyouandLilyliketocomeovertomyhomeforMid-AutumnFestival?13.I’mgladyoucancome.14.Thanksforaskingus.15.Howaboutanotherone?16.MayIhaveataste?17.Letmewalkwithyou.18.Whatdoyouhavetodo?19.Doyouliveonafarm?20.Whichdoyoulikebetter,thecityorthecountry?21.Whichdoyoulikebest,dogs,catsorchickens?22.Shallwegoatten?Goodidea!23.---Let’smakeithalfpastone.---OK.24.---Whynotcomealittleearlier?---Allright.25.Excuseme.Where’sthenearestpostoffice,please?26.It’soverthereontheright.27.I’msorryIdon’tknow.28.You’dbetter?29.Thankyouallthesame.30.WhichbusdoItake?31.Goalongthisroad.32.Whatdaywasityesterday?33.I’msorrytohearthat.2用心愛心專心34.Ihopeyou’rebetternow.35.Whydidyoucallme?36.Icalledtotell?IV.重要語法1.begoingto的用法;2.形容詞的比較級、最高級;3.形容詞和副詞的比較4.一般過去時【名師講解】1.onthestreet/inthestreet表示“在街上”時，onthestreet和inthestreet都可以，在美國多用onthestreet,在英國多用inthestreet.例如:Wehaveahouseinthestreet.我們在街上有座房子。Imethimonthestreet.我在街上遇見了他。2.wouldlike/likewouldlike和like含義不同。like意思是“喜歡”，“愛好”，而wouldlike意思是“想要”。試比較:Ilikebeer.=I’mfondofbeer.我喜歡喝啤酒。I’dlikeaglassofbeer=Iwantaglassofbeer.我想要一杯啤酒。Doyoulikegoingtothecinema?你喜歡看電影嗎,Wouldyouliketogotothecinematonight?你今晚想去看電影嗎,3.another/theother(1)another通常用于三個或三個以上或不確定數量中的任意一個人或物體。例如:MayIhaveanotherapple,please?請在給我一個蘋果好嗎,Thiscoatistoosmallforme.Pleaseshowmeanother這件外套我穿太小，請再給我拿一件看看。(2)theother通常指兩者中的另一個。例如:Hehastworulers.Oneisshort.Theotherislong.他有兩把尺子，一把短的，另一把長的。Ihavetwobrothers.OneworksinXi’an.TheotherworksinBeijing.我有兩個兄弟，一個在西安工作，另一個在北京工作。4.haveto/must(1)haveto和must都可以用來談論義務，但用法略有不同。如果某人主觀上覺得必須去做而又想去時，常用must。如果談論某種來自“外界”的義務，常用haveto。例如:Imuststopsmoking.我必須戒煙。(自己想戒煙)Theyhavetoworkfortheboss.他們不得不為那個老板工作。(條件逼得他們去工作)(2)haveto可用于多種時態，must只能用于一般現在時。例如:I’llhavetogetupearlytomorrowmorning.明天早晨我必須早早起床。Wehadtoworklonghourseverydayinordertogetmoremoney.為了多掙錢，我們不得不每天長時間地工作。(3)用于否定句時，mustn’t意思是“決不能”，“禁止”，而don’thaveto意思是“不必”，相當于needn’t。例如:Youmustn’tbelateagainnexttime.下一次你決不能再遲到。Youdon’thavetogotheretoday.Youcangotheretomorrow.3用心愛心專心你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5.hearsb.orsth.doingsth./herarsb.orsth.dosth.hearsb.orsth.doingsth.意思是“聽到某人或某物在做某事”，而hearsb.orsth.dosth.意思是“聽到某人或某物做過某事”。試比較:IhearhimsinginganEnglishsong.聽見他在唱英歌曲。IheardhimsinganEnglishsong.我聽見他唱一首英文歌。類似hear這種用法的還有see,watch,listen,feel等感官動詞。6.any/someany和some都可以同不可數名詞和可數名詞的復數形式連用，但some一般用在肯定句中;any用在疑問句和否定句中。試比較:Iwantsomemoney.我想要點錢。Haveyouanymoney?你有錢嗎,Idon’thaveanymoney.我一點錢也沒有。some有時也用于疑問句，表示說話人期待一個肯定回答或鼓勵人家說“是”。例如:Wouldyoulikesomemorebeer?請你再來點啤酒好嗎,CouldIhavesomerice,please?請給我來點米飯好嗎,7.hear/listentolistento和hear都有“聽”的意思，但含義有所不同。Listento強調“聽”的動作，hear強調“聽”的結果。例如:Listentome,please!I’mgoingtotellyouastory.請聽我說～我給你們講個故事。Listen!Canyouhearsomeonecryinginthenextroom?聽～你能聽見有人在隔壁房間里哭嗎,Ilistened,butheardnothing.我聽了聽，但什么也聽不見。hear后面如果接賓語從句，常常表示“聽說”。例如:Ihearsomeforeignstudentswillvisitourschool.我聽說一些外國學生將要訪問我們學校。Ihearthereisgoingtobeafilminourschoolthisevening.我聽說今晚我們學校要演一場電影。8.Let’s?/Letus?Let’s?和Letus?都表示“讓我們??”,如果us包括聽話人在內，其含義相同，附帶問句用shallwe.如果us不包括聽話人在內，其含義不同，Letus?的附帶問句要用willyou。例如:Let’sgoshopping,shallwe?我們去購物好嗎,9.take/bring/carry/get這四個動詞都有“拿”和“帶”的意思，但含義有所不同。take意為“帶走”，“拿走”，bring意為“帶來”，“拿來”,get表示“到別的地方把某人或某物帶來或拿來”，carry不強調方向，帶有負重的意思。試比較:Myparentsoftentakemethereonholidays.我父母常常帶我到那里去度假。I’mgoingtotakeyoutoBeijing.我準備帶你去北京。Bringmeacupoftea,please.請給我端杯茶來。I’llbringthebooktoyoutomorrow.明天我把那本書給你帶來。Thewaitercarriedthemetothetable服務員把肉送到桌上。Themonkeycarriedthebagonherback.猴子把那個包背在背上。Shewentbacktogetherhandbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Letmegetthedoctor.讓我去請醫生吧。10.faraway/faraway(1)faraway是一個副詞短語，意思是“很遠”。例如:Somearefaraway.Somearenearer.有些離得很遠，有些離得近一些的。4用心愛心專心Thevillageisfarawayfromhere.那個村子離這兒很遠。(2)faraway是一個形容詞，意思是“遙遠的”，可以在句中作定語。例如:Helivesinfarawaymountainvillage.他住在一個遙遠的小山村。11.find/lookforfind和lookfor都有“找”的意思，但含義不同。find強調“找”的結果，而lookfor強調“找”的過程。請看下列例句:Heislookingforhisbike.他在找他的自行車。I’mlookingformywatch,butcan’tfindit.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。Ihopeyouwillsoonfindyourlostring.希望你盡快找到丟失的戒指。另外，find還有“發現”;“感到”等意思。例如:Ifoundawalletinthedesk.我在課桌里發現了一個錢包。Ifindthisbookveryinteresting.我覺得這本書很有意思。12.infrontof/inthefrontofInfrontof表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范圍內。Inthefrontof表示在某物的前部，在某物的范圍內。試比較:MyseatisinfrontofMary’s.我的座位在瑪麗座位的前面。Heissittinginthefrontofthecarwiththedriver.他和司機坐在小車的前部。【考點掃描】1.begoingto的用法;2.形容詞的比較級、最高級;3.形容詞和副詞的比較4.一般過去時5.本單元學過的詞匯、短語和句型;6.本單元學過的日常交際用語。【中考范例】1.(2010年煙臺市中考試題)Intheexam,the________youare,the________mistakesyou’llmake.A.carefully,littleB.morecarefully,fewestC.morecareful,fewerD.morecareful,less【解析】答案:C。該題考查的是形容詞和副詞的比較以及他們的比較等級的用法。第一個空應填形容詞careful的比較級，因為它在句中作表語，第二個空應填few的比較級，因為它修飾的是復數可數名詞。2.(2011年河北省中考試題)Bobneverdoeshishomework_________Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyD.ascarefulas【解析】答案:B。該題考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法比較。該空應填副詞，因為它修飾的是動詞does。該題用的是notas+副詞+as的結構，所以答案應是B。3.(2010年重慶市中考試題)ThatdayIsawsomeparents_________atthebackoftheclassroom,________totheteacher.A.sitting,listenedB.sat,listenedC.sitting,listeningD.sat,listening【解析】答案:C。該題考查的是seesb.doingsth.的句型結構和分詞作狀語的用法。第一個空stting在句中作saw的賓語補足語，第二個空listening做伴隨狀語。4.(2010年杭州市中考試題)You________openthedoorbeforethetraingetsintothestation.5用心愛心專心A.don’thavetoB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot【解析】答案:B。該題考查的是幾個情態動詞否定式的用法區別。don’thaveto和needn’t的意思都是“不必”，maynot的意思是“可以不”，只有mustn’t表示“不許”，“禁止”。【滿分演練】一.單項填空1.Welcomeback________school.A.inB.atC.toD.on2.MissGaoisournewChineseteacher________.A.inthistermB.thistermC.onthistermD.thatterm3.---I’msorryI’mlate.---_____________.A.OKB.Itdoesn’tmatterC.AllrightD.Thankyou4.LiMuandJillaretalking_________wheretheyaregoing.A.aboutB.toC.withD.for5.Thereisvery______foodinthehouse.A.afewB.littleC.alittleD.few6.You’dbettertakearaincoat____you.A.toB.withC.onD.for7.ThechildrenaregoingtotheGreatWall______afieldtrip.A.toB.withC.onD.for8.I’m______hungry.MayIhaveamooncake?A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few9.I’mstillhungry.I’dlike_________one.A.otherB.anotherC.anotherD.theother10.Themoonlooks____thanthesun,butinfactthesunis______thanthemoon.A.big;bigB.bigger;biggerC.small;smallD.smaller;smaller11.Icanseethem_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.areplaying12.JiWeiruns_________thanI.A.fastB.fasterC.fastestD.thefastest13.Ithinksteamedbreadis____________hamburger.A.moredeliciousthanB.mostdeliciousthanC.moredelicioustoD.mostdeliciousto14.---Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?----__________.I’mfree.A.TodomyhomeworkB.TocleanmyhouseC.TodosomeshoppingD.Nothingmuch15.---MayIspeaktoJack?---____________.Who’sthat?A.I’mJackB.ThatisJackC.ThisisJackspeakingD.I’mJackspeaking16.----Whynot_________andseetheplay?6用心愛心專心---Goodidea.A.goB.goingC.togoD.goes17.It’scoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoor_________.A.closeB.closingC.closesD.closed18.Myhomeisabouttwohundredmetres_____ourschool.A.fromB.farfromC.awayD.to19.Therearesomeappletrees________herhouse.A.inthefrontofB.atthebackofC.inthemiddleofD.atthefrontof20.Whichfloordoyou________?A.liveB.liveonC.liveatD.livein二.完形填空TheXingqingPalacePark(興慶宮公園)is__1___parkinXi’an.__2__SaturdaysorSundays,childrenlike___3___there__4___theirparents.Theretheycanplaygames.Thereisalakeandahillinthepark.TodayisSunday.Manychildrenareplayinginthepark.Look!Somechildren__5___onthelake.Theyaregood__6___it.Istheboat___7___achicken?No.Itlookslikeaduck.Someboysareplaying__8___footballonthegrass(草地)。Afewboys__9___thehilloverthere.Allthechildrenarehavingagoodtime.Theythinkplayingintheparkis___10___thanhavingclassesatschool.1.A.biggerB.thebiggestC.smallerD.thesmaller2.A.InB.OnC.AtD.With3.A.walkingB.goingC.runningD.flying4.A.withB.forC.onD.in5.A.isswimmingB.isboatingC.arerunningD.areboating6.A.InB.withC.fromD.at7.A.lookB.likesC.looksD.like8.A.aB./C.anD.the9.A.arerunningB.arewalkingC.areclimbingD.arejumping10.A.littlebetterB.muchbetterC.manybetterD.thebest三.閱讀理解(A)MarkTwainistravelingtoDijonbytrain.Hewantstosleepverymuch,soheaskstheconductor(服務員)towakehimupwhenthetraingetstoDijon.Thehegoestosleep.Later,whenwakesup,itisearlythenextmorningandthetrainhasgottoParis.Heknowsatoncethattheconductordoesn’twakehimupatDijon.Heisveryangry.Herunsuptotheconductorandsays,“Whydidn’tyouwakemeupandputmeoffthetrainatDijon?Iamveryangryaboutit!”Theconductorsmilesandlooksathim,“AnotherAmericanismoreangrythanyou.Butyoucan’tseehimnow.IputhimoffthetrainatDijonlastnight.”根據短文內容，判斷下列各句的正誤:正確的答“A”，錯誤的答“B”。1(MarktwainaskstheconductortowakehimupinParis.2(ThetraingottoDijonatnight.3(MarkTwainwasveryangrywiththeconductor.4(Theconductormadeamistake(錯誤).HeputanotherAmericanoffthetrainatDijon.5(MarkTwaincan’tseethatAmericanbecausetheAmericandoesn’tlikehim.(B)7用心愛心專心TheworsttouristintheworldisNicholasScottiofSanFrancisco.OnceheflewfromtheUStohishometowninItalytoseesomeoneathome.Theplanemadeaone-hourstoptogetoilatKennedyAirportofNewYork.Ashethoughthehadarrivedhome,MrScottigotofftheplane.HethoughthewasinRome.Whennobodywastheretomeethim,MrScottithoughtmaybetheywereheldupbyheavytraffic.Whilelookingfortheiraddresses,MrScottifoundthattheold"Rome"hadchangedalot.Manyoldbuildingswerereplacedbyhighmodernones.HealsofoundthatmanypeoplespokeEnglishinsteadofItalianandthatmanystreetsignswerewritteninEnglish.MrScottiknewverylittleEnglish,soheaskedapoliceman(inItalian)thewaytothebusstation.HehappenedtomeetapolicemanwhowasalsoborninItalyandansweredhiminthesamelanguage.Aftertwelvehours'travelingroundonabus,thedriverhandedhimovertoasecondpoliceman.HeaskedthepolicemanwhytheRomepoliceemployedsomanypeopleaspolicemenspeakingEnglishofItalian.TogethimonaplanebacktoSanFrancisco,Hewassenttotheairportinapolicecarwithsirens(警報)on."Look,"saidScottitohisinterpreter,"IknowI'minItaly.That'showtheydrive."1.WhenMrScottiarrivedattheairport,nobodymethimbecause____________.A.hewasinNewYorkB.hewasinRomeC.policemencouldhelphimD.hewasinanItaliancity2.Inwhatdirection(方向)didtheplaneflywhenMrScottiwenttoItalyfromtheUS?A.Totheeast.B.Tothesouth.C.TothewestD.Tothenorth.3.WhywasMrScottisosurethathewasinRome?A.Becausehetraveledalot.B.BecauseheknewlittleabouttheUS.C.BecauseheknewlittleaboutItaly.D.Becausehedidn'ttravelmuch.4.AtlastMrScotti_________.A.knewhedidsomethingwrongB.stillthoughthewas8用心愛心專心C.knewhewaswrongD.knewhewashome5.DoyouthinkmanypeopledothesamethingasMrScottidid?A.NobodybutMrScottimadethiskindofmistake.B.Manypeoplemakethiskindofmistake.C.Fewpeoplemakethiskindofmistake.D.50%ofpeoplewillmakethesamemistake.(C)MywifeandIstayedinLondonforafewweekslastyear.Wewentthereintheautumn.WethinkitisthebestseasontovisitEngland.TheweatherisusuallyquitegoodandtherearenottoomanyvisitorsinOctober.WestayedinasmallrestaurantintheWestEnd.Wedidmostofoursightseeingonfoot.Wewenttolookatalltheplaces.Wewentshoppingandspenttoomuchmoney.Welikedgoingtothetheatre.Wedon'thavethechancetoseesuchgoodplays(戲劇)athome.AlotofpeoplesayEnglishfoodisverybad.Wedidn'tthinkso.MostoftherestaurantsareFrenchorChinese,butwehadsomeverygoodmeals.Weenjoyedourholidayverymuch.Wewanttogothereagainthisyear.Wearegoingtotakeourumbrellas.I'msurewe'llneedthemsometimes.1.“Wewentshoppingandspenttoomuchmoney”means_________.A.theydidn'tenjoyshoppingandspenttoomuchmoneyB.priceswerehighinEnglandC.thereweresomanygoodthingsintheshopsandtheyboughtalotD.theylikedtogoshoppingwithlotsofmoney2.Theydidn'thavethechancetoseesuchgoodplays_________.A.intheirsmallrestaurantB.intheirhometownC.inFranceD.inEngland3.Youcanget_______inarestaurant.A.mealsB.clothesC.booksD.cakes4.I'msurewe'llneedumbrellassometimesbecause_