Unit4

SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures

MadebyErinLearningObjectivesBytheendofthisclass,youwillbeabletoUnderstandtheusageofinfinitivesasattributeandadverbial.Describespacefactsandeffortstoexplorespace.Useinfinitivescorrectlyincontext.Lead-in非謂語doingdonetodo動作正在進行表主動動作已完成表被動DiscussionDiscussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.目的狀語adverbial為了作為一名戰斗機飛行員而去駕駛飛機，我訓練了很久。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.目的狀語adverbial眾所周知，為了在太空工作一名宇航員需要健康和冷靜。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.目的狀語adverbial首先，為了獲得相關大學學位你必須足夠聰慧。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Scientistsweredeterminedtorealizethedreamtoexplorespace.后置定語attribute科學家們下定決心實現探索太空的夢想。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后置定語attribute1961年4月12日，尤里?加加林成為世上第一個進入太空的人。Ihavenodesire

towrite.Theconference

totakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.Therewasnothing

tobedone.Ihavealottosay.TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive.不定式在句子中作__________________句子成分可修飾____________多置于被修飾詞_____多表示_________用法后置定語名詞或代詞后面將來Scientistsworkhardtofindoutthesecretsofuniverse.Asweallknow,anastronautsneedstobehealthyandcalminorder

toworkinspace.Youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.不定式在句子中作__________________句子成分可表示_____________常見結構有______________________________________用法目的狀語目的todo,inordertodo,soastodoUnderstandingInfinitivesasattribute不定式作定語Part1Practiceistheonlyway

tolearnalanguagewell.Hisability

togetonwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.Weshouldgetthecourage

tofacethechallenge.Sellersmadeanefforts

tokeeptheindustryfromdyingout.Ihavenodesire

toplaygames.抽象名詞ability,aim,attempt,right,chance,effort,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,desire,dream,promise后面用動詞不定式作定語。用法1【2021年全國甲卷七選五】It’sthebestway_____(get)rideofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyoufriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.togetThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.ShewasthefirststudenttobeadmittedintoPekingUniversity.Hewastheonlyonetokeepmovingatthesamespeed.Itisrecognizedthatheis

thebestmantodothejob.序數詞、形容詞最高級、theonly/thenext/thelast等或被這些詞修飾的名詞后面常用動詞不定式作定語。用法2Heisalwaysthefirst_______(arrive)attheschoolandthelast_______(leave)theschool.toarrivetoleaveLetusgivehimsomething

toeat.Thequestion

tobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.Theconference

totakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.當表示尚未發生的動作時，常用todo作后置定語。用法3Theairport_____________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.tobecompletedTherewasnothing

tobedone.Wouldyoulikesomething

todrink?Ourschoolwasthefirstone

towinthisawardin2020.代詞one和不定代詞something,anything,nothing,everything等，用動詞不定式作定語。用法4Doyouhaveanything__________(express)intheclass?toexpressWehavenothingtoeat.Wehavealothomeworktodo.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.動詞不定式用在兩個句型中：

have…todotherebe…todo用法5Thereisnoone______(look)afterher.tolook注意Ihaveasuitablepentowritewith.Hehasnohousetolivein.Thereisnothingtotalkabout.作定語的動詞不定式若是不及物動詞(vi)，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞表示地點、工具等，則后面需加上相應的介詞。工具地點不及物動詞Tomdetermined_____(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.Noonelike__________(make)funof.Hepretend___________(read)whentheteachercamein.I’msorry____________(cause)yousomuchtroublelasttime.Thecarseems__________________(wash)already.

togo表動作未發生todo

tobemadetodo表動作未發生+bedone表被動=tobedonepretend

to

do

sth+bedoing表正在進行=tobedoing

tobereadingbesorry

to

do

sth+havedone表已完成=tohavedone

tohavecausedseem

to

do

sth+havebeendone已完成且被動=tohavebeendone

tohavebeenwashed主動語態被動語態意義一般式todotobedone表未發生（將來）進行式tobedoing表正在進行完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表已完成（表動作發生在謂語動作之前）Infinitivesasadverbial不定式作狀語Part2Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertowork

inspace.Togetarelatedcollegedegree,youmustbeintelligentenough.不定式在句子中作___________________位置：_____________常見結構：____________________________________________________________________________用法1目的狀語句首或句末

todo,inorderto,soasto(soasto不能放句首)Sheisproudtowinthisaward.Hewasgladtobeinvitedtotheparty.不定式在句子中作___________________常用結構：___________________形容詞常有：____________________________________________________________________________用法2原因狀語

主語+be

+

adj+todoexcited,anxious,glad,disappointed,lucky,proud,sorry,worried,shocked等表喜怒哀樂Hereturnedhometolearn

hisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.Hewenthometofind

hisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.不定式在句子中作___________________常用這些動詞連用：______________________________________用法3結果狀語learn,find,see,hear,make等Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.I’mtootiredtostayuplonger.不定式在句子中作___________________常用結構：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________用法3結果狀語so+adj+astodosuch+n+astodoenoughtodoonlytodo(表出乎意料的結果)too+adj/adv+todo注意主語+be

+

adj+todo，在這一結構中用不定式主動表被動。可用于此結構的形容詞還有：________________________________________________________________easy,difficult,important,nice,pleasant,hard,dangerous,comfortable等Thesongishard_____(sing).Thequestioniseasy_____________(understand).Theproblemisdifficult__________(solve).tosingtounderstandtosolveTraining高考鏈接

Heboughtabookandwassurprised_________(find)apictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesamegardenashisfather’spainting.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallance,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

(2013四川改)tofindtobetoldtoplanttobecompletedWearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision__________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.(2012重慶)Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.(2013北京)Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity_________(explore)societyofreal-lifeexperience.(2013

上海)Ihavealotofreadings___________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.(2010

山東)tobemadetochangetoexploretocomplete_____________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.(2022·全國乙卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s，andareexpensive____________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.(全國Ⅰ卷)Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation,only_______(find)theearlytrainhadgone.(2022·全國甲卷)AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep____________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.TostrengthentoperformtofindtojourneyApplicationSending

people

to

other

planets

or

even

beyond

the

solar

system

is

not

an

easy

goal__________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,________(use)currenttechnology，itwouldtakeovertwoyears_____(get)totheclosedseatplanetMarsandback.Althoughli