話題27科技發展與信息技術創新

Ⅰ.閱讀理解

Inthepast，videoconferencetechnologywasmainlyusedforjustafewelements

ofbusinessmeetingsorhangoutswithfriendsandfamily.Now，videoconferencetools

areessentialforourproductivity，learningandsocialinteraction.Weusethemnotonly

forfun，butmainlyasameaningfulpartofourwork.

However，oncewestarttojoinendlessvideocallsforafewhourseachday，we

becomeverytired.Thistermiscalled“zoomfatigue”，andit’srelatedtooverusing

virtualcommunicationplatforms.

Therearesomeadvantagesofusingvideoconferencingtools.Withoutthem，it

mightbeimpossibleforustoworkfromhome.Butwhatwehaven’texpectedisaprice

thatweneedtopayforthatsortofconvenience.

Whenwearehavingaface－to－faceconversationwithothers，everythingseems

prettynatural.Whilespeaking，youlookintotheeyes，sometimesslightlymovingyour

stareontosomethingelse.Youknowwhentostoptalkingandwhentospeakup.Evenif

you’reinaconferenceroomwith10people，youdon’thaveaterriblefeelingofbeing

observedallthetime.Younoticethatpeoplemostlylookatthepersonwhoisspeaking，

andthentheymovetheirattentionontosomeoneelse.Butwhenyouusea

teleconferencingtool，thingsaredifferent.Beingphysicallyoncameramakesyouvery

awareofbeingwatchedallthetime，becauseyoudon’tknowwhoislookingat

you.Youjustseemanyfacesonyourscreen.

MarissaShufflerfromClemsonUniversityoncesaid，“Whenyou’reonavideo

conference，youknoweverybody’slookingatyou；youareonstage，sotherecomesthe

socialpressure—afeelinglikeyouneedtoperform.Beingperformativeisstressful.”

Moreover，thereisanotherinterestingtendencyasfarasvideocallsare

concerned.Whoareyoulookingatmostofthetime？Theanswerisyourself.Formost

people，it’shardnottolookattheirownfaceiftheycanseeitonthescreen.Weare

likelytomakesurethatourheadisattherightangleandthatourshirtisn’tcreased.

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了視頻會議技術給我們帶來了便利，

但與此同時也帶給我們一些意料之外的負面影響。

1.Whatistheso－called“zoomfatigue”？

A.Thefastpaceofourmodernlife.

B.Boredomcausedbytoomanyvideocalls.

C.Thewidespreadofvideotechnology.

D.Burnoutassociatedwithoverusingonlineplatforms.

答案D[細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句“Thistermiscalled‘zoom

fatigue’，andit’srelatedtooverusingvirtualcommunicationplatforms.”可知，

“zoomfatigue”是指過度使用在線平臺而引起的疲勞。]

2.Whatcanvideocallsbringuswhencomparedwithface－to－faceconversations?

A.Highercost.B.Morestress.

C.Morefreetime.D.Betterperformance.

答案B[推理判斷題。結合第四段對面對面交談的闡述及其與視頻通話的對比

和第五段中的“youareonstage...Beingperformativeisstressful.”可推知，視頻通話

會給人帶來更大的壓力。]

3.Whydowelookatourselvesmostofthetimeonthescreen?

A.Tobewell－behaved.B.Togetsomecomfort.

C.Togrowself－confidence.D.Toattractothers’attention.

答案A[推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，人們在屏幕上關注自己是

想確認自己表現良好，呈現出最佳的狀態。]

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thepopularityofvideocalls.

B.People’sattitudetowardsvideocalls.

C.Someunforeseeneffectsofvideocalls.

D.Changesinpeople’swayofcommunication.

答案C[文章大意題。根據第三段最后一句并結合后文內容可知，本文主要講

述視頻通話技術在給人們帶來便捷的同時，也帶來了一些始料不及的負面影響。]

Youimproveyourrobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitssoftware.AgrimGuptaof

StanfordUniversity，however，begstodiffer.Hethinksyoucanalsoimprovearobot’s

softwarebyimprovingitshardware.Heandhiscolleagueshaveinventedawayof

testingthisidea.

Theybroughttotheirrobots，unimals，theprinciplesofevolution(進化)by

naturalselection.Unimals，withglobesforheadsandsticksforarmsandlegs，are

softwarebeingsinteractingwithavirtualenvironment.Theenvironmentswherethey

wanderedwereinthreevarieties：flatgrounds，groundswithhillsandsteps，andones

thathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort，butwithaddedobjects.

Tobeginwith，theunimalswererandomlyassignedvariousshapes，butwith

identicalsoftware—derl.Newlycreatedunimalslearnedtofacethechallengesina

virtualbootcamp.Theywerethenenteredintotournamentsingroups.Eachgroup

winnerwasawardedonemutation(變異)—oneextraarmorleg，oroneextraturning

inajoint.Thenewreplacedtheoldestunimalandthenwasassignedtoanewgroup，

andtheprocessrepeated.About4，000varietiesofthemunderwenttraining.

Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.Crucially，though，

theresearchersfoundthemostsuccessfulunimalslearnedtasksinhalfthetimetheir

oldestancestorshadtaken，andthatthoseevolvinginthetoughestgroundswerethe

mostsuccessful.

Inthisevolutionofunimals’morphology(形態)topromotetheabilitytolearn，

DrGuptaseesaversionofsomethingcalledtheBaldwineffect.In1896JamesBaldwin，

apsychologist，arguedthatmindsevolvetomakethebestuseofthemorphologiesof

thebodies.WhatDrGuptahasshown，thoughinsoftware，isthattheoppositecanalso

betrue—changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork.Eventhough

heheldthesoftwareconstant，itbecamemoreefficientatlearningastheunimals’

bodiesevolved.

Whetherthatdiscoverycanbeturnedtoaccountinthewayrobotsaredeveloped

remainstobeseen.Butthewayoftestingiscertainlyanout－of－the－boxidea.

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講了人們通過改進機器人的軟件來改進

它的軟設備。然而，斯坦福大學的阿格里姆·古普塔卻不這么認為。他認為還可以

通過改進硬件來改進機器人的軟件。

5.Howwasthetestconducted?

A.Bypromotingunimals’learning.B.Byadjustingtheenvironments.

C.Byprovingtheevolutiontheory.D.Bystimulatingunimals’mutation.

答案B[推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，通過調整環境，來進行試驗。]

6.Whatturnedouttobesurprisinginthetest?

A.Thenumberoftrainedunimals.

B.Thedeclineintimeforlearningtasks.

C.Thevarietyofevolvedshapes.

D.Thereplacementofoldunimals.

答案C[細節理解題。根據第四段第一句“Theteamweresurprisedbythe

diversityofshapesthatevolved.”可知，測試中令人驚訝的是進化出的各種形狀。]

7.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetest?

A.Mindevolutionaffectsbodyshaping.

B.Bodychangesbettermindwork.

C.Hardwarechangesdonotimpactsoftware.

D.Thediscoveryisusefulinrobotdevelopment.

答案B[推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的“WhatDrGuptahasshown...can

improvethewaymindswork.”可推知，身體的變化使大腦工作得更好。]

8.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothefinding?

A.Negative.B.Objective.

C.Indifferent.D.Approving.

答案B[觀點態度題。根據最后一段可推知，作者對這一發現持客觀的態度。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

Hello，Mr.Wi－Fi.Lifewithoutyouisnexttoimpossible.We’rehappytosing

yournamefrommorningtillevening，sometimestilldawn.1Iknowyouhelpme，

sometimesyou’remakingmedothingswith2attention.ManytimesIpromise

myselfthatI’ll3myfeelingstowardsyou，butyou’re4mecloserand

closer...You’veenteredbothmyhomeandmyworkplace.You’rejustawindowforour

5andinformation.Butwepeoplearen’t6onlywiththewindow.Soweopen

allourdoorsforyou.Isthisa(n)7orsomekindofattachment？Ifthisisan

illness，isitcurable？Andifthisisanattachment，willyou8methelifelong

togetherness?

Wewantyoualldays.Can’tyoutakeafewdaysoffsothatbothyouandIcan

9？You’reapoison—notaslowonebutasuper－fastpoisonwhichholdsourmind

andmakesusdance10yourtune.Nowadaysyou’reso11thatanyonecan

buyandmakeyoubecomeourcompanion.You’llneverbebotheredaboutourhealth

butwe’ll12beconcernedaboutyour“health”.Becauseyouaccompanyus

everywhereandneverletusbealone.

Ifyouwerea13personmadeoffleshandblood，wouldweloveyouthe

same？Youcontroluswithyournumeroustalentsandweevencan’tgetridofyou.We

allareyour14.SometimesIwonderhowpeopleinthepreviousgenerations

15，butiftheydid，whycan’twe?

【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章以擬人手法描述了Wi－Fi無處不在，它在

給人們帶來幫助的同時，也分散了人們的注意力。人們對它欲罷不能，又愛又恨。

1.A.NowthatB.Onlyif

C.ThoughD.When

答案C[根據語境并結合常識可推知，此處表示盡管作者知道Wi－Fi幫助了

自己，但是有時候它分散了作者的注意力。]

2.A.praisedB.increased

C.focusedD.divided

答案D[參見上題解析。]

3.A.keeponB.bringback

C.approveD.giveup

答案D[keepon繼續進行；bringback帶回；使恢復；approve同意；贊成；give

up放棄。根據下文的“butyou’remecloserandcloser...”可推知，很多

次作者想戒網，但最終卻事與愿違。]

4.A.drawingB.pushing

C.forcingD.observing

答案A[draw吸引；push推；force強迫；observe遵守；觀察。根據空后的“closer

andcloser...You’veenteredbothmyhomeandmyworkplace”可推知，Wi－Fi離作

者越來越近了，它進入了作者的家和工作場所。]

5.A.entertainmentB.argument

C.expansionD.struggle

答案A[entertainment娛樂；argument爭論；expansion擴張，擴大；struggle

斗爭；奮斗。根據空后的“andinformation”并結合選項和常識可推知，此處表示

Wi－Fi只是一個娛樂和信息的窗口。]

6.A.strictB.satisfied

C.generousD.busy

答案B[strict嚴格的；satisfied滿意的；generous慷慨大方的；busy繁忙的。

根據下文的“Soweopenallourdoorsforyou”可推知，人們對Wi－Fi的窗口作用

并不滿足，于是為Wi－Fi打開了所有的門。]

7.A.diseaseB.inspiration

C.routineD.situation

答案A[inspiration靈感；妙計；routine日常工作；慣例。根據下文的“Ifthisis

anillness”可推知，作者疑惑這種行為是否是一種病。]

8.A.recommendB.instruct

C.promiseD.adapt

答案C[recommend推薦；instruct指示；指導；promise答應；允諾；adapt適

應；改編。根據語境并結合選項可推知，此處表示如果這是一種依戀，Wi－Fi是

否會“承諾”和作者一輩子在一起。]

9.A.persistB.relax

C.progressD.balance

答案B[persist堅持；持續；relax放松；progress進行，進展；balance平衡。

根據上文“Wewantyoualldays.Can’tyoutakeafewdaysoff”可推知，作者覺得

和Wi－Fi聯系太緊密了，因此想讓Wi－Fi離開幾天，彼此都放松一下。]

10.A.toB.against

C.fromD.within

答案A[dancetosb’stune是固定搭配，意為“聽從某人的指揮，唯命是從，言

聽計從”。]

11.A.affordableB.valuable

C.conventionalD.attractive

答案A[affordable付得起的；valuable值錢的；有價值的；conventional傳統的。

根據空后的“anyonecanbuy”可推知，現如今任何人都負擔得起Wi－Fi。]

12.A.sometimesB.always

C.neverD.seldom

答案B[but與句中的never形成對比，Wi－Fi從來不擔心我們的健康，但我

們將一直擔心Wi－Fi的“健康”。]

13.A.selfishB.dishonest

C.responsibleD.real

答案D[selfish自私的；dishonest不誠實的；responsible負責的；real真實的。

根據空后的“madeoffleshandblood”可推知，此處表示假如Wi－Fi是一個有血有

肉的真人的話，我們是否會同樣地喜歡它。]

14.A.friendsB.slaves

C.colleaguesD.employers

答案B[根據空前一句“Youcontroluswithyournumeroustalentsandweeven

can’tgetridofyou.”并結合選項可推知，Wi－Fi控制了我們，因此我們都是Wi

－Fi的奴隸。]

15.A.sufferedB.connected

C.survivedD.surfed

答案C[suffer受難；connect連接；survive幸存；surf沖浪。根據上文的“we

evencan’tgetridofyou”可知，我們無法擺脫Wi－Fi，因此作者很困惑以前的人

沒有Wi－Fi是如何活下來的。]

Ⅲ.語法填空

(2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)

Asmalldevice，Moxie，hasproducedoxygenonthesurfaceofMars，1.

(bring)thechancesofsurvivingontheredplanetastepcloser.Researchpublishedin2.

journalScienceAdvancesreportedthatMoxieproducedbreathableoxygeninseven－

hour－longtestsconductedinvariousweatherandatmospheric(大氣的)conditions

lastyear.Theresearchalsofoundthateveninextreme3.(temperature)

andafteraMartianduststorm，Moxie4.(continue)toproducehigh－

purityoxygen.

“Thisisthefirstdemonstrationofactuallyusingresourcesonthesurfaceof

Marsandtransforming5.(they)chemicallyintosomethingusefulfora

humanmission，”JeffreyHoffman，a6.(retire)astronaut，said.

“ThethinatmosphereonMarsis96percentcarbondioxideandmuchmore7.

(change)thanonEarthandthetemperaturecanvaryby100degrees，”Hoffman

said.“OneaimistoshowwecanrunMoxieinallseasons.”

Thedevice，Moxie，usessomespecialpumps，8.suckincarbon

dioxide.Thegas9.(heat)to800℃andpressedtoseparatethecarbon

andoxygen.Carbonmonoxideissentoutaswastewhilethepureoxygenisleftbehind.

Despitethechallenges，Moxiehasproveddurableintheextremeconditionson

Marsandscientistsregardthetestresults10.agreatachievement.

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了一種名為Moxie的小型裝置是如何在

火星的極端溫度下產生氧氣的。科學家們認為這是一項偉大的成就。

1.bringing[考查非謂語動詞。句意：一種名為Moxie的小型設備在火星表面產

生了氧氣，使人類在這顆紅色星球上生存的機會又近了一步。根據句意和所給動

詞bring分析句子可知，空格處應該填入bring的非謂語形式作狀語，因為動詞bring

和前面的句子是邏輯上的主謂關系，所以應該用現在分詞bringing作狀語。故填

bringing。]

2.the[考查冠詞。句意：發表在《科學進展》雜志上的研究報告稱，去年在各種

天氣和大氣條件下進行的長達