PAGEPAGE1第十節形容詞與副詞1.常考副詞though，therefore，meanwhile，moreover，however的用法和區分。2.形容詞、副詞的比較級(1)比較級的修飾語常見的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑問句)，alot，alittle，agreatdeal，byfar，abit等。(2)比較級＋than...“比……更……”。(3)the＋比較級，the＋比較級“越……，越……”。3.形容詞、副詞的最高級(1)三者或三者以上的比較用最高級。(2)最高級的修飾語常見的有：序數詞，byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，notreally，notquite，nothinglike等。(3)“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級意義。4.幾種帶有否定詞的比較句型(1)nobetterthan表示“和……一樣；實際等于……”。(2)nomore...than表示“同……一樣不……”。(3)noless...than表示“和……一樣……；不遜于……”。5.表示倍數的幾個句型(1)倍數＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as...(2)倍數＋形容詞/副詞比較級＋than...(3)倍數＋the＋性質名詞(size/length/height等)＋of...(4)the＋名詞＋be＋倍數＋what從句...(5)the＋名詞＋be＋倍數＋that/thoseof...1.Unliketraditionalgyms，app-backedgymsofferpeopleoptionstoexercise.(2024·江蘇，28)A.casual B.regularC.flexible D.tight答案C解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為：與傳統的健身房不同，有軟件支持的健身房為人們供應了敏捷的熬煉選擇。casual隨意的；regular規則的；flexible敏捷的；tight緊的。2.Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitisestablished.(2024·天津，15)A.properly B.widelyC.originally D.temporarily答案A解析考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為：狗的飲食習慣須要定期的訓練才能正確地養成。properly正確地；widely廣泛地；originally最初；temporarily臨時地。故選A。3.Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel，themanageristoinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.(2024·江蘇，34)A.keen B.reluctantC.anxious D.ready答案B解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為：雖然賓館的服務很差，但經理仍舊不情愿投資對員工進行充分的培訓。reluctant意為“不情愿的”，符合語境。keen渴望的，著迷的；anxious擔憂的，焦慮的；ready打算好的，情愿的。4.OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death，smart-phonesdefeatedPCsinsales.(2024·江蘇，29)A.controversial B.contradictoryC.confidential D.conventional答案D解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為：僅僅在史蒂夫·喬布斯去世五年之后，智能手機的銷售額就戰勝了傳統的個人電腦。語境提到smart-phones(智能手機)，與之對應的PCs(personalcomputers)應當用形容詞conventional修飾，表示“傳統的”。controversial有爭議的；contradictory自相沖突的；confidential機密的。故選D。5.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.But______explanationsarehardtofind.(2024·江蘇，34)A.alternative B.aggressiveC.ambiguous D.apparent答案A解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為：恐龍的滅亡不肯定是因為天體的碰撞，但也難以找到別的說明。空格處與前面的“未必”(notnecessarily)呼應，這里用alternative表示“另外的，可替代的”。aggressive好斗的，挑釁的；ambiguous模棱兩可的，不明確的；apparent自不待言的，明白的。6.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience，ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.(2024·浙江，13)A.eventually B.strangelyC.merely D.especially答案D解析考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為：突然停下來可能是一次特別可怕的經驗，尤其是你正在高速行駛時。especially特殊，尤其，符合語境。eventually最終；strangely驚奇地；merely僅僅，只。7.IhavealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhopetoattendinthecomingyears.(2024·浙江，18)A.littlemore B.nomoreC.muchmore D.manymore答案D解析考查比較級。句意為：我始終喜愛你組織的全部活動，希望在將來幾年里能參與更多的活動。manymore后省略了events。依據句意可知選D。8.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughandreviewofthecase.(2015·江蘇，31)Aprehensive BplicatedC.conscious D.crucial答案A解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為：警官們確定對該案件進行一次徹底、詳盡的審查。comprehensive綜合的，詳盡的；complicated困難的；conscious有意識的；crucial至關重要的。依據and推斷，所填詞和thorough(徹底的，細致的)意思相近。故選A項。9.Mostofus，ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom，understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswasalive.(2015·浙江，13)A.steadily B.instantlyC.formerly D.permanently答案C解析考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為：我們大多數人，假如對食物來源多少知道一點點的話，就會明白我們嘴里的每一口食物從前都是有生命的。formerly以前，從前，符合語境。steadily穩固地，堅決地，不動搖地；instantly馬上，立刻；permanently永久地，長期不變地。10.LittleTomsatwatchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.(2015·四川，9)A.amaze B.amazingC.amazed D.toamaze答案C解析11.Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse；wewouldn’thavefoundit.(2014·江西，23)A.nowhere B.howeverC.otherwise D.instead答案C解析考查副詞詞義辨析。nowhere無處；however然而；otherwise否則，要不然；instead反而。句意為：感謝你為我們指路，要不然我們找不到那所房子。故C項正確。診斷報告考向對應題號我的薄弱環節1形容詞與副詞的詞義辨析1，2，3，4，5，6，8，92形容詞和副詞的比較等級73形容詞作狀語104連接副詞辨析11解題方法1.形容詞詞義辨析法形容詞的考查在高考試題中比較多，在解答試題時要依據詳細的語境辨析所給選項。2.副詞詞義辨析法副詞的考查在高考試題中也比較多，在解答試題時要依據詳細的語境辨析所給選項。詳細來說，要留意：(1)一些副詞的詳細含義；(2)一些副詞在詳細句子中的辨析。考點1形容詞與副詞的詞義辨析1.Tomissocreativeapersonthathealwayshaslotsofideasinhismind，andsometimeswedon’tevenknowwhatheisthinkingabout.A.meanB.novelC.slimD.instant答案B解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。mean吝嗇的，苛刻的；novel新穎 的；slim苗條的；instant馬上的。句意為：湯姆是那樣一個有創建力的人，以至于他心中總是有許多新穎 的想法。有時我們甚至不知道他在想什么。2.Pollutionhasreachedhighlevelinsomeurbanareas，whichisquiteworrying.A.disturbingly B.slightlyC.exactly D.flexibly答案A解析考查副詞詞義辨析。disturbingly令人擔憂地；slightly稍微地；exactly恰好地；flexibly敏捷地。句意為：一些城市地區的污染已經達到了令人擔憂的程度，這是相當令人擔憂的。3.Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemoststatementsofhow，andonwhatbasis，dataarecollected.(2024·江蘇，31)A.explicit B.ambiguousC.original D.arbitrary答案A解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為：他全面的調查供應了關于如何收集信息及在什么基礎上收集信息的最清晰明確的說明。explicit清晰的，明晰的，詳述的；ambiguous模棱兩可的，模糊不清的；original起初的，原來的；arbitrary隨意的，為所欲為的。考點歸納解決詞義辨析題的關鍵是牢記某些高頻詞的詞義，駕馭詞義的有效方法就是通過語境去記憶，通過背誦句子來記憶詞匯的音、形、義。1.—Didhebreakitaccidentally(＝byaccident/bychance)?—No，purposely(＝onpurpose).——他是不當心把它打碎了嗎？——不是，是有意地。2.Searchyourheartandaskifyou’reequallytoblame.捫心自問，你是不是同樣也應當受到指責。3.I’mespecially(＝particularly)fondofpopsongs.我尤其喜愛流行音樂。4.Eventually(＝Finally)，hemadeit.他最終勝利了。創設語境牢登記列高考高頻詞匯：increasingly，largely，meanwhile，merely，completely，partly，practically，rarely，accessible，accurate，adaptable，addicted，adorable，affordable，aggressive，alternative，apparent，artificial，available，casual，cautious，complex，confident，constant，contradictory，controversial，dramatic，effective，flexible，frequent，individual，inevitable，optional，permanent，potential，relevant，skeptical，secure，sensitive，responsible，subtle，transparent，unique等。考點2形容詞與副詞的比較等級1.Nowadaystherolesofhusbandandwifearenotasdefinedasbefore，especiallywhenbothpartnersworkandearnmoneyforthefamily.A.clear B.clearerC.clearly D.moreclearly答案C解析依據語法學問可知，as...as...為同級比較結構，as與as之間要用形容詞或副詞的原級，故選項B和D首先被解除；又由于此處define作動詞，它要用副詞來修飾，故選C項。句意為：現在丈夫和妻子的角色不像以前定義的那么明確，尤其是雙方都工作為家庭掙錢的情形下。2.Iftherewerenoexaminations，weshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttime B.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttime D.amuchhappiertime答案D解析本題將比較的對象隱藏在虛擬條件句中，句意為：假如沒有考試，我們在學校里會過得更快樂。much可用來修飾比較級；haveahappytime過得快樂。3.—HowisyourrecenttriptoSichuan?—I’veneverhadonebefore.A.apleasant B.amorepleasantC.amostpleasant D.themostpleasant答案B解析“否定詞(never)＋比較級”表示最高級的含義，表示這次四川之行是到目前為止玩得最快樂的一次旅行，故答案為B。句意為：——你最近去四川的旅行怎么樣？——我以前從未玩得這么快樂過。4.Light-to-moderatesmokersweretodieofsuddenheartproblemsthanthosewhohadneversmoked.A.astwicelikely B.twicemorepossibleC.twicemorelikely D.astwicepossible答案C解析句意為：輕度至中度吸煙者死于突發心臟病的可能性是從不吸煙的人的兩倍。倍數表達法為“倍數＋形容詞/副詞比較級＋than...”；possible不用表示人的詞作主語，故選C。考點歸納(一)形容詞與副詞的比較級1.比較級的修飾語常見的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑問句)，alot，alittle，agreatdeal，byfar，abit等。2.比較級＋than...“比……更……”；less...than“不如……”3.the＋比較級，the＋比較級“越……，越……”4.the＋比較級＋of(the)＋名詞/代詞“(兩者中)較……的”(1)—GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysevenbetterthanthosemadeinChina.—Yes.Someofthegoodsmadeinourcountryareofhighquality.——國外進口的商品并不肯定比中國做得更好。——沒錯。我們國家生產的一些商品質量很好。(2)It’sbelievedthattheharderyouwork，thebetterresultyou’llget.人們信任，工作越努力，得到的結果將越好。(二)形容詞與副詞的最高級1.三者或三者以上的比較用最高級。2.最高級的修飾語常見的有：序數詞，byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，notreally，notquite，nothinglike等。3.“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級意義。(1)Thehappiestarenotthosewhoownallthebestthings，butthosewhocanappreciatethebeautyoflife.最華蜜的人們并不是擁有最好的東西的人，而是那些懂得觀賞生活的美妙的人。(2)Ican’tagreewithyoumore，butwecan’taffordthemoney.我特別同意你的觀點，但我們負擔不起這筆費用。(三)表示倍數的幾個句型1.倍數＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as...2.倍數＋形容詞/副詞比較級＋than...3.倍數＋the＋性質名詞(size/length/height等)＋of...4.The＋名詞＋be＋倍數＋what從句5.The＋名詞＋be＋倍數＋that/thoseof...(1)ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbigasthepresentone.為迎接下一屆亞運會而正在修建的體育場將是現在的三倍大。(2)MrHiltonisverypleasedwiththenewly-builthouse，whichisalmosttwicethesizeoftheoneheusedtolivein.希爾頓先生對新建的房子很滿足，這個房子幾乎是他過去居住房子的兩倍大。考點3形容詞作狀語1.Theycamebackfromtheirlongwalkandwentintobed，.A.tiredlybutrelaxingB.tiredbutrelaxingC.tiredlybutrelaxedD.tiredbutrelaxed答案D解析tired和relaxed都是過去分詞轉化來的形容詞，這里用形容詞短語作狀語說明主語的特征。句意為：他們經過長途跋涉回來后就上床睡覺了，人很累但是很放松。2.—CouldyoupleaseexplaintheassignmentforMonday，MissSmith?—Certainly.Readthenextchapterandcometoclasstodiscusswhatyou’veread.A.preparing B.preparedC.toprepare D.tobeprepared答案B解析句意為：——史密斯小姐，請說明一下周一的任務好嗎？——當然可以。閱讀下一章，來上課的時候打算好探討你所讀的內容。依據句子結構可知設空處應為狀語，表示狀態。此處prepared為過去分詞轉換為形容詞，強調狀態，說明到學校的時候已經打算好了。考點歸納eq\x(形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結果，并不表示動作的方式。)(1)Havingbeenoutoftouchwithhisparentsfortwoyears，Jonesreturnedhome，safeandsound.與父母失去聯系兩年后，瓊斯安穩無恙地回到了家中。(2)Scaredandalone，JoshuaonedaymakesfriendswithalittlemousehecallsBethlehemwhobecomeshisclosestfriend.由于膽怯 和孤獨，一天喬舒亞和一只被他叫作伯利恒的小老鼠成為摯友，之后那只小老鼠成了他最密切的摯友。考點4連接副詞辨析1.Progresssofarhasbeenverygood.，wearesurethattheprojectwillbecompletedontime.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Besides答案C解析“始終進展良好”與“按時完工”是因果關系，用therefore。2.LastnightMrCrookdidn’tcomebackattheusualtime.，hemetsomefriendsandstayedoutuntilmidnight.A.Meanwhile B.HoweverC.Instead D.Yet答案C解析句意為：昨天晚上庫魯克先生沒有按平常的時間回來，而是見了幾個摯友，在外面待到半夜。instead代替，反而，相反。考點歸納1.表示增補：besides，further，then，similarly，likewise，moreover2.表示等同：similarly，likewise，equally3.表示對比：rather，oppositely4.表示概括：altogether，generally5.表示列舉：first(ly)，second(ly)，finally6.表示條件：otherwise7.表示讓步：however，still，yet，nevertheless，though，anyway，instead8.表示結果：therefore，consequently，accordingly，thus9.表示時間過渡：meanwhile，sometimes，occasionally10.表示同位關系：namely11.表示著重特指：mainly，mostly，particularly，especially考點5形容詞與副詞短語辨析1.—Mom，isitreallynecessarytoremovethosesmallerweedsfromtheflowerbed?—Yes，theyaredestructivetotheflowers.A.littlemore B.nolessC.notabit D.notintheleast答案B解析littlemore稍多；noless盡然，還是，仍舊；notabit一點也不；notintheleast一點也不，絕不。句意為：——媽媽，真的有必要從花壇移除那些較小的雜草嗎？——是的，它們對鮮花還是有破壞性的。2.—Whatdidyoudolastweekend?—Oh，nothing.(2014·大綱全國，35)A.much B.elseC.ever D.yet答案A解析句意為：——上周末你干什么了？——哦，沒(干)什么事。nothingmuch和nothingelse是固定短語，nothingmuch意為“沒什么事”，nothingelse意為“沒有別的東西，沒有別的事情”；nothing不和ever構成固定短語，但可以一起用在句中，表示“沒有什么事情曾經……”；nothing和yet也不能構成固定短語，但也可以同時出現在句中。由語境可知，此處明顯是表示“沒什么事”。故A項正確。考點歸納1.tobesure誠然，無疑toberigid刻板地說，死板地說tobeperfect完備地說tobefair公允而言tobefrank坦率地講2.good/niceand...很，特別，完全3.muchless＝stillless(承接前述否定內容)更不用說stillmore還有更多；更進一步4.somuchthebetter那樣更好forbetteror(for)worse不論是好是壞，不論是福是禍5.Nota/one(little)bit！一點也不！6.lastbutnotleast＝lastbutbynomeansleast最終但同樣很重要的是1.Thepeopleinthevillagearesothattheyarewillingtohelpeveryvisitor.A.optimistic B.energeticC.enthusiastic D.ambitious答案C解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。optimistic樂觀的；energetic精力充足的；enthusiastic熱心的；ambitious有志向的。句意為：這個村里的人都很熱心，他們情愿幫助每一位游客。依據“theyarewillingtohelpeveryvisitor”可知此處表示“熱心的，熱忱的”，故C項正確。2.Forallthefailureofhisbusiness，heremainsoptimisticanduntroubledbyhisproblems.A.hopefully B.approximatelyC.seemingly D.frequently答案C解析考查副詞辨析。hopefully有希望地；approximately大約；seemingly似乎；frequently頻繁地。句意為：對于生意上的失敗，他仍舊很樂觀，似乎并沒有被這些問題所困擾。依據句意可知C項正確。3.Thechurchwhichiseasilyfrommyhomeisbeingrebuilt.A.accessible B.availableC.acceptable D.responsible答案A解析句意為：從我家很簡單到達正在重建的教堂。accessible簡單接近的；available可獲得的，有空的；acceptable可以接受的；responsible負責的，有責任的。4.Officefurniturelikechairsandsofasshouldbeattractiveaswellascomfortable.(2024·南徐鹽常4月聯考)A.manually B.visuallyC.physically D.securely答案B解析考查副詞詞義辨析。manually手動地；visually視覺上，外表上；physically身體上；securely平安地。句意為：像沙發和椅子這樣的辦公家具應當既美觀又舒適。依據句意可知此處是說“在視覺上吸引人”，故B項正確。5.TherewillbeanendlesspowerofyouthsupportingtheChinesenation’srejuvenation______theyoungergenerationofthecountryhasideals，pursuitsandshoulders.(2024·如皋高三三模)A.asfaras B.solongasC.evenif D.asif答案B解析考查副詞短語辨析。句意為：只要年輕一代有志向、有追求、有擔當，就有源源不斷的青年力氣支持中華民族宏大復興。asfaras至于；solongas只要；evenif即使；asif似乎。依據句意，故選B。6.Theoldcouple，countrylife，wereunwillingtomovetothecitytolivewiththeirson.A.accustomedto B.buriedinC.addictedto D.exposedto答案A解析句意為：那對習慣了鄉村生活的老夫婦不情愿搬到城市里和他們的兒子住在一起。beaccustomedto習慣于……，符合句意。beburiedin埋頭于……；beaddictedto對……有癮；beexposedto暴露在……。7.Shethoughtherselfherfriendsbecauseherfamilywasricher.A.moresuperiorto B.moresuperiorthanC.superiorto D.superiorthan答案C解析superior更優秀，更精彩，本身沒有比較級，跟介詞to連用，不與than連用。句意為：她覺得自己比她的摯友們都優越，因為她家更富有。8.—HowdidyoufindyourtriptoWaterParkinthesummerof2024?—Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.ItwasthanIexpected.A.evenmuchinterestingB.farmoreinterestingC.sofarinterestingD.farfrominteresting答案B解析依據題干中than可知，考查形容詞比較級。far修飾比較級，而farfrom是“遠非”的意思。句意為：——你覺得2024年夏天的水上公園之旅怎么樣？——我玩得很盡興。比我預期的要好玩得多。9.Inphysicsclasses，wewantstudentstoseescienceisfun，justaboutformulasandexperiments.A.ratherthan B.morethanC.otherthan D.lessthan答案A解析考查副詞短語。句意為：在物理課上，我們想讓學生們明白科學是好玩的，而不是僅僅有關公式和試驗。ratherthan而不是；morethan不僅僅；otherthan除……之外；lessthan少于。故選A。10.Oneshouldaccomplishtasksinsteadofalwaysturningtoothersforhelp.A.independently B.activelyC.skillfully D.voluntarily答案A解析考查副詞辨析。independently獨立地；actively主動地；skillfully奇妙地；voluntarily自愿地。句意為：一個人應當獨立完成任務，而不是總是向別人求助。強化練(十)Ⅰ.單項填空1.I’mtiredofthepracticetoassignendlesshomeworktostudentsinholidays.Actually，summerholidayistheperfecttimetothebookstheymeanttoread.A.controversial；compensateforB.conventional；catchuponC.confidential；pushforD.conscious；caterto答案B解析形容詞controversial有爭議的；conventional傳統的；confidential隱私的；conscious有意識的，醒悟的；動詞短語compensatefor補償；catchupon補完，趕上；pushfor努力爭取；caterto迎合。句意為：我厭倦了給學生布置許多假期作業的傳統做法。事實上，暑假是學生補讀自己想要讀的書的最好時間。依據句意可知B項正確。2.Makesureyouhaveyourpassportwithyouallthetimeinaforeigncountry，whichwould_______causetrouble.A.somehow B.meanwhileC.otherwise D.anyway答案C解析句意為：在國外務必把護照隨身攜帶，否則會有麻煩。somehow不知怎么地；meanwhile同時；otherwise否則；anyway不管怎樣。分析句子可知，whichwouldcausetrouble.為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面整個主句，前后句關系屬于轉折，故選C。3.—It’ssaidthatyourbosswillgiveyouafatraisesoon.—She’sverywithpromisesbutmuchlesswithmoney.A.acquainted B.toughC.thrilled D.liberal答案D解析acquainted知曉的；tough艱苦的；thrilled激烈的；liberal慷慨的。句意為：——據說你的老板很快就會給你加薪。——她對許諾很慷慨，但對錢就沒那么慷慨了。依據句意可知此處應與but后的內容表示相反的意思，故D項正確。4.Thepopularityofgovernmentpostshasdroppedinrecentyears，thoughthecivilservicejobsarestillfavoredbytheChineseastheyofferastablecareer.(2024·泰州四模)A.relatively B.regularlyC.roughly D.rigidly答案A解析5.—WhynotturntoKevin?Hesawwhathappened，sohisistheonlyaccount.—Theproblemisthathehasrefusedtosayanythingabouttheaccident.(2024·常州高三期末)A.tentative B.controversialC.authentic D.arbitrary答案C解析tentative試驗性的；controversial有爭議的；authentic可信的，真實的；arbitrary武斷的。句意為：——為什么不去找凱文？他目睹了發生的一切，所以他的敘述是唯一可信的。——問題是他拒肯定這次事故發表任何看法。依據“Hesawwhathappened”推斷此處表示“真實可信的”，故C項正確。6.—Look！Maryiscrazilylookingforsomethingagain!—，shecan’tfindherkeys.(2024·南京三模)A.Typically B.OccasionallyC.Accordingly D.Particularly答案A解析句意為：——看！瑪麗又在瘋狂地找東西了！——果真，她找不到鑰匙了。typically典型，果真，通常；occasionally間或；accordingly因此；particularly特殊地。這里的typically相當于itistypical/characteristicofsb.todosth.“做某事是某人的典型特征”，故選A。7.Ourteamisworld-classanditwasnosurprisethatwewonbysuchamargin.(2024·南京三模)A.low B.highC.wide D.narrow答案C解析句意為：我們的球隊是世界級的，我們以如此大的優勢獲勝并不令人驚異。low低的；high高的；wide寬的；narrow窄的。短語widemargin表示差距很大，故選C。8.Thankstoherdeterminationandperseveranceonthepianolesson，shehasagraspofthesubject.(2024·如皋高三三模)Aprehensive B.confidentialC.conservative Dpulsory答案A解析句意為：由于她在鋼琴課上的決心和毅力，她對這個科目有了綜合的把握。comprehensive綜合的；confidential機密的；conservative保守的；compulsory義務的。依據句意，故選A。9.TheAerospaceCenterHospitalhaswitnessedgrowthovertheyears，fromonethatonlyhadtent-likewardsintoamodernregionalmedicalcenter.A.slight B.tremendousC.moderate D.modest答案B10.Yourfaceseems.I’veprobablymetyouhereintheolddays.A.familiar B.knownC.similar D.alike答案A解析句意為：你的臉看起來很熟識，我以前可能在這里見過你。familiar熟識的；known著名的；similar類似的；alike相同的，相像的。11.Byacceptinglowerprices，organizerscansellticketsthatwouldgounsell.A.therefore B.otherwiseC.instead D.however答案B解析therefore因此；otherwise否則；instead反而；however無論如何，然而，但是。句意為：組織者可以通過低價出售把原本賣不出去的票賣出去。12.SinceIamnowpreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination，myparentsarevery___tome.A.constant B.consciousC.considerate D.grateful答案C解析句意為：因為我現在正在打算高考，我的父母對我很愛護。considerate愛護的，符合句意。constant不斷的，持續的；conscious有意識的，神志醒悟的，自覺的，刻意的；grateful感謝的，感謝的。13.Withtheword“PM2.5”appearinginmediareports，peoplepaygreaterattentiontoitandseekhealthtipsforsmoggydays.A.occasionallyB.constantlyC.rarelyD.immediately答案B解析occasionally偶然，有時候；constantly重復不斷地；rarely難得地，少見地；immediately馬上，立刻。句意為：隨著“PM2.5”一詞不斷出現在媒體報道中，人們越來越關注它，并為度過煙霧充滿的日子尋求健康秘訣。14.—Alicehasjustlostherhusbandtoheartfailure.—Hersmilecan’thidehersorrow.A.controversialBpulsoryC.artificialD.conventional答案C解析controversial有爭議的，引發爭議的；compulsory強制性的；artificial不自然的，假的；conventional(行為、觀念等)傳統的，符合習俗的。句意為：——愛麗絲剛剛失去了死于心力衰竭的丈夫。——她那不自然的微笑掩蓋不了她的哀痛。15.Itissaidthattheyoungmanistofleetosomeforeigncountrybecauseofthecampaignagainsthim.A.possibleB.maybeC.probableD.likely答案D解析分析句子成分可知，此處作表語，maybe“或許”是副詞，不能作表語；ACD三個選項都表示“可能的”，但只有likely可以運用人作主語。句意為：據說這個年輕人因為反對他的運動可能會逃往境外某個國家。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A(2024·南京金陵中學、海安中學、外國語學校四模)“Facts”ThatAreFalseThe$100billisthebiggestbillincirculation.Althoughthefederalgovernmentstoppedprintingthemin1945，currencynotesof$500，$1,000，$5,000，and$10,000arestilllegaltender.Mostofthemhavebeensnatchedupbyprivatecollectors.BetweenDecember18,1934，andJanuary9,1935，thegovernmentputout$100,000notes.However，theywereonlyfortransactionsbetweenFederalReservebanksandneverwentouttothegeneralpublic.TheSaharaistheworld’slargestdesert.Technically，Antarcticais.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveydefinesdesertas“drylandwitharainfallofusuallylessthanteninchesperyearthatsupportsonlysparsevegetationandalimitedpopulationofpeopleandanimals”.Antarcticaaveragesonlysixinchesofrainayear(mostlyassnow)andisalmost5.5millionsquaremiles.TheSaharaisonly3.3millionsquaremiles.Thegreenpasteservedwithyoursushiiswasabi.Wasabiisexpensiveanddifficulttogrow.Sinceit’sinthesamefamily，mostrestaurantsandfoodcompaniesusehorseradish(withfoodcoloring)instead.RealwasabiismorecomplexandsweeterthanwhatyougetinatypicalJapaneserestaurant.Theostricheswouldsuffocate(窒息)iftheydid.Ifanenemyisapproaching，afrightenedostrichwilllayitsheadandneckflatagainstthegroundasacamouflage(偽裝)ploy.Somehumanonlookershaveassumedthatthebirds’light-coloredheadswereactuallyinthesand.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文，介紹了四個虛假的“事實”。)16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Asotherbiggerbillsareoutofprint，the$100billisstillthebiggestone.B.Antarcticawithverylittlerainfallisconsideredasthelargestdesert.C.Horseradishcanbesubstitutedwithwasabiforthesimilartasteandcolor.D.Anostrichoftenusesitsheadasaweapontofightagainstitsenemy.答案B解析細微環節理解題。由其次部分可知，美國地質調查局將沙漠定義為“干旱的土地，每年的降雨量通常不到10英寸，只能維持稀疏的植被和有限的人口和動物的生存”。南極洲平均每年只有6英寸的降雨量(大部分是雪)，將近550萬平方英里。撒哈拉只有330萬平方英里。所以南極洲降雨量很少，被認為是最大的沙漠。故B選項正確。17.Whichofthefollowingisthebestfitfortheblank?A.Ostrichescanbreatheinthesand.B.Ostricheshaveverysmartbrains.C.Ostrichesburytheirheadsinthesand.D.Theostrich’sheadisthelightestintheworld.答案C解析推理推斷題。由第四部分可知，假如它們這樣做會窒息的。為了躲避危急，鴕鳥會躺在地下隱藏起來。這種習性后來被人誤認為是鴕鳥在遇到危急時，會把頭埋在沙土里。所以本段主要在說，鴕鳥把頭埋在沙子里是虛假的事實。故本段的中心句為“鴕鳥把頭埋在沙子里”，也是空白處要填的內容。故C選項正確。BAbusedkidsmaybehitandotherwisephysicallyattackedbytheirparents.Thisleadsthemtoseetheworldasaplacewherehugsandotherpositiveresponsestogoodbehaviorhappeninconsistently.Andthisphysicalabusedoesn’tjustleavekidsblackandblue.Italsodoesharmtotheirabilitytolearnhowtoactatschoolandelsewhere.Thiscanleadtotheproblembehaviorsoftenseeninabusedchildrenintheirlaterlife.That’sthefindingofanewstudy.Anditisthefirsttimeresearchershavelinkedtroublelearningabasicformofsocialskillsinchildrentotheirmisbehavioryearslater.JamieHansonandhiscolleaguesfocusedondecision-makinginabusedkids.Theirexperimentsshowedthatphysicallyabusedkidslagbehindothersinlearningtomakechoicesthatleadtoareward.Thiswastrueevenaftermanytrials.Thesechildrensticktowhattheylearnedearlyinlife—thatrewardsarerareandunpredictable，butpunishmentisalwayswaiting.Insituationsoutsidetheirfamilies，physicallyabusedkidsfailtoadjustflexiblytonewbehavioralrules.Suchkidsneverlearnrulesforgoodbehaviorwithteachersandotherchildren.Sotheyendupfightingpeersontheplaygroundandactingoutinclass.Inoneexperiment，Hanson’steamstudied41physicallyabusedand40nonabusedkids.Theysawapictureofabellorabottle.Researcherstoldthemtochooseoneofthoseobjectstoearnpointstheycouldexchangefortoys—researchersrandomlychosewhetherthevaluablepicturewouldbethebellorthebottleanddecidedthepointsofeachpicture，butgenerally，thekidschoosingthebellwouldgetmorepointsthanthosechoosingthebottle.Kidswhogotenoughpointscouldchoosefromseveralcooltoysinthelab.Bothgroupsofkidschosehigher-pointimagesmoreoftenastheexperimentwenton.Butphysicallyabusedkidslaggedbehind.Hansonthinkstheabusedkidswereheldbackbytheexpectationstheyhadpickedupathome.Ifthenewfindingholdsup，Hansonsays，itcouldleadtonewwaystohelpsuchkids.Forexample，thesekidsmightgettraininginhowtotellsafeapartfromdangeroussettings.Theymightalsogetlessonsonhowtocontroltheirimpulses.Treatmentscurrentlyjustfocusonhelpingabusedchildrenfeelsafeandlessanxious.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。探討表明，小時候身體受過虐待的經驗對孩子以后的生活也會產生消極的影響。18.Whatdoesthestudymainlyfindout?A.Abusedkidshaveastrongdesireforrewards.B.Abusedkidstendtoholdapositiveattitudetolife.C.Physicalabuse’ssideeffectscanextendtokids’laterlife.D.Physicalabusecanleadtoseverementalillnessamongkids.答案C解析19.Whatleadstothekids’poorperformanceinthedecision-makingexperiment?A.Thesmallnumberofrewards.B.Thecomplexrulesoftheexperiment.C.Others’lowexpectationsofthem.D.Theirpreviousfamilylifeexperience.答案D解析細微環節理解題。依據第三段的內容和倒數其次段中的“Hansonthinkstheabusedkidswereheldbackbytheexpectationstheyhadpickedupathome.”可知，由于從前家庭經驗的影響，這些孩子認為嘉獎是少見的，而懲處卻是時時都在的，在家庭之外的環境中他們也未能敏捷地應對新的行為規則，從而導致了他們在做確定的試驗中表現不佳。故選D。20.Whatcanweknowfromthepresenttreatmenttargetedatabusedkids?A.Itneedstobeimproved. B.Ithasnopracticalbenefits.C.Itlacksscientificevidence. D.Ithasmademuchprogress.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據最終一段的內容可知，這項發覺有助于探討者找到新方法來幫助受虐待的孩子，而本段的最終一句“Treatmentscurrentlyjustfocusonhelpingabusedchildrenfeelsafeandlessanxious.(目前對于受虐待孩子的治療重心只是幫助他們使其感到平安并少些焦慮)”示意了當前用于幫助受虐待的孩子的方法還存在局限性，即幫助這些受虐待孩子的方法還需進一步改善。故選A。Ⅲ.任務型閱讀Whencontentorproductrecommendationsmissthemark，theycangofromvaluabletoannoyinginlesstime.Youmayassumeeverystay-at-homemomwantstobefilledwithrecommendationsforcookingandcleaningproducts，andeveryseniorcitizencanbenefitfromcountlessadsforincontinenceproducts，butofcoursethat’snottrue.Buyingintothatkindofassumptionignorestherealitythatindividualshaveindividualneedsortastes.Theanalysesofconversationsonsocialmediacanunderstandconsumerdesires.It’snotsimpletodo，butitisbecomingessential，allowingyoutoseethe“feelings，attitudesandcommonalities(共性)”andfindouttargetaudienceyouneverknewexisted.Recommendationsmustalsorespectconsumers’timeandintelligence.Thatmeanstheyshouldbehigh-qualityandrelevant.AsRevcontentadvises，“Oneofthefastestwaystodriveyouraudienceawayislow-qualitycontentrecommendations.”Recommendedcontentmustbeasgoodasyourown，bothintermsofrelevancetoyourfieldofexpertise(專長)andqualityofpresentation.Badcontentatthebottomofyourblogdoesn’tmakeyourbrandlookbetter—itmakesyourbrandoveralllookworse.Attheleast，itleavesvisitorsquestioningyourtaste；atworstitmakesthemwonderifyourproductorserviceisjustaslow-quality.Andit’sthesamewithproductrecommendations.Ifaconsumerpurchasesaluxuryitem，therecommendationsthatappearpost-purchaseshouldn’tbeforitemsthey’dfindatthelocaldollarstores.It’snotaboutmakingarecommendationforthesakeofit—it’saboutmakingtherightrecommendationforeachuser.AgoodplacetostartiswithyourcurrentfollowersifyourbusinessisonFacebook.EachFacebookuserwholikesyourbrand’spagehasawholenetworkofpotentiallyinterestedfriendsyoucantarget.Facebookalsoletsyoutargetconsumersbytheirintereststodefineyourbrand’sidealaudience.Throughlikes，sharedcontentandkeywords，Facebookusersgiveyoualotofinformationaboutwhat’simportanttothem.Bycombiningthesedatawithyourrecommendations，youcangiveusersexactlywhatthey’relookingfor，encouragingthemtoconnectwithyouinturn.Ifyouwanttodialupthings，A/BtestingonFacebookletsyouassessandperfecttheeffectivenessofyourmessage.Bykeepingtheimagesthesameandusingvariouslanguage，tonesandcallstoaction，youlearnwhichwordsconsumerswanttohear，andyou