專題-S301【題型易-高考英語(閱讀理解)梯度訓練】2025年高考各大考區題型專練（全國通用）專題-S301各大考區閱讀理解高考備考梯度訓練能力提升之閱讀理解15篇初階訓練（全國甲卷考區）Passage1-5進階訓練（新高考Ⅱ卷考區）Passage6-10高階提升（新高考Ⅰ卷考區/自主命題考區）Passage11-15第一部分：初階訓練Passage1(2024·四川成都模擬)“Why？”It'sasimplequestionthatpeopleaskAngelaMaxwellfrequently.Afterall,shebeganajourneythatveryfewpeoplewouldeverattempt:walkaroundtheworldalone.ThethoughtofMaxwell'sjourneydidnotstartfromaplaceoflossorpersonalcrisis.Shesaid,“Iwassearchingforadeeperinteractionwithnatureandpeople.”Walkingwouldminimisehercarbonfootprint,plustheslowpacemeantthatshecouldfullyimmerseherselfinnature,andgaininsightsintootherculturesinauniqueway.SheleftherhometownofBend,Oregon,on2May2014andheadedintoanadventure.Alongtheway,Maxwellwouldsufferfromheatstroke(中暑)intheAustraliandesertandheargunshotswhilecampinginTurkey.“Still，”shesaid,“Ididn'tstopbecauseIwasmoreafraidofnotfollowingmyheartthanIwasoflosingeverythingIownedandloved.”

Apartfromthat,herslowpaceallowedhertobedrawndeeplyintoothercultures.ShewanderedthetinyseasidevillagesalongItalyTyrrhenianSea,enjoyingthelivelyatmosphere.InVietnam,shewasinvitedandofferedfoodbyanelderlywomantorestinherwoodenshackatthepeakforthenight.Shechoseanexperienceofuncertaintyandcuriosity,insearchofsomethingshecouldneverbecertaintofind:asenseoffulfilmentandadeeperconnection.On16December2020,Maxwell'spilgrimage(朝圣之旅)endedrightwhereitstarted.Fornow,she'sworkingonabook,planningfuturejourneysandcreatingmoreeffectivewaysforwomentofindandexpresscourageintheirlives.Whetherawalkleadshalfwayaroundtheworldorjustdowntheroad,Maxwellhasshownthetrueworthofslowingdownandgivingmorethanwereceivealongtheway.1．WhydidMaxwelldecidetostartherjourney?A．Togetclosertotheworld. B．Toreducecarbonfootprint.C．Togetridofpersonalcrisis. D．Toslowdownthepaceoflife.2．WhatcanweknowaboutMaxwellduringthejourney?A．Shewasabouttogiveup.B．ShewashelpedbyItalianlocals.C．Sheexperiencedvariouscultures.D．SheenjoyedAustraliancoastalscenery.3．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMaxwell?A．Cautiousandgentle.B．Toughandadventurous.C．Ambitiousandgenerous.D．Openmindedandhumorous.4．What'sthistextmainlyabout? A．Anewwaytoslowdownlife. B．Acloserconnectionwiththewild.C．Anunforgettablememoryofatrip. D．Awomanwalkingaroundtheworld.Passage2(2024·陜西西安質檢)Accentsareasignofbelongingandsomethingthatseparatescommunities.Yetwecanprobablythinkofpeoplewhoseemtohavelosttheiraccentandofotherswhoseaccentstaysfirmlyinplace.Giventhepersonalandsocialimportanceofhowsomeonespeaks,whywouldanyone'saccentchange?Aconsciousorsubconsciousdesiretofitincaninfluencethewayyouspeak.IfsomeonemovesfromAustraliatoAmericatowork,forexample,theywillprobablyatleastchangetheiraccentinordertogetabettersenseofbelonging.Thismaybeoutofaneedordesiretobemoreclearlyunderstoodandtobeacceptedinanewcommunity.Theymightalsowanttoavoidridiculeforthewaytheyspeak.Forpeoplewhoseaccentsdoshift,thewaytheyspeakmaybelessimportanttotheirsenseofidentity,ortheiridentitywithasocialorprofessionalgroupmaybemorepressing.Evenbeforeweareborn,weareexposedtothespeechpatternsofthosearoundus.Weprogressthroughvariousstagesofspeechdevelopmentthatresultinushavingspeechpatternssimilartothosearoundus.Forotherswhoseaccentdoesnotseemtochange,itcouldbebecausetheyfeelsafeintheiridentity,andtheiraccentismuchpartofthatidentity—orthatkeepingthedifferenceisvaluabletothem.Meanwhile,braindamagemayresultinforeignaccentsyndrome(FAS),whichresultsfromphysicalchangesthatarenotunderthespeaker'scontrol.SufferingfromFAS,speakersmaylosetheabilitytospeakatallorexperiencestrangechangesinthewaytheypronounce.Insomecases,listenersmightlookdownuponapersonwithFASastheybelievethemtobeforeigners.It'snowondermanypeopleunconsciouslyprotectthemselvesbyadaptingtheirspeechtothosearoundthem.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph2referto?A．Thedesiretofitin.B．Thechangeofcareer.C．Theadjustmentofaccents.D．Theinfluenceonlanguage.2．Whatmakespeoplechoosetochangetheiraccents?A．Theresultofbraindamage.B．Theirstrongsenseofidentity.C．Theirdesiretolearnaboutlocals.D．Theneedtoadapttonewenvironment.3．WhatcanweknowaboutthepeoplesufferingfromFAS?A．Theymaybetakenasforeigners.B．Theycannothelpmakingasound.C．Theysufferfromemotionalchanges.D．Theymaychangeaccentstogainrespect.4．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?A．Toexplainthelossofaccents.B．Tointroducethehistoryofaccents.C．Toanalysewhyaccentsarelostorkept.D．Toshowthesignificanceofaccentchanges.Passage3(2024·四川成都模擬)Whilericeandwheatarethetwomostcommonlyconsumedgrainsworldwide,astudycoveringmorethan100，000peoplehasrevealedthatchoosingriceasastaple(主要的)foodmayresultinalowerriskofobesity(肥胖).Researcherscollecteddatafromparticipantsaged35to74.Theparticipantsrespondedtoquestionnairesviafacetofaceinterviews,providinginformationabouttheirmedicalhistoryandlifestyle,suchasdietarystatusandphysicalactivity.Theresearchersdividedthemintothreegroupsaccordingtotheirweeklyriceandwheatintake.Thefirstgroupeatsriceastheirstaplefood,consumingiteitherdailyorfourtosixtimesperweek.Thesecondgroup'sstaplefoodiswheat,andthethirdgroupconsumesbothriceandwheatastheirstaplefood,withsimilarfrequency.Theresultsshowthatricepreferencemaybeassociatedwithalowerriskofcertainobesitytypesandthathigherwheatintakewasassociatedwithhigherrisksofexcessivebodyfatinmenandwomen.However,whenwheatloverschangedtheirstaplefoodtoricefivetimesperweek,theparticipantsshoweda36.5percentlowerriskofobesityinmenanda20.5percentlowerriskinwomen.Accordingtotheresearchers,wheatflourabsorbslesswaterthanricewhencooked,partlyresultinginahigherenergydensityofwheatthanrice.Meanwhile,ricebaseddietarypatternsoftenhavemorefreshvegetables,legumes,meatandfishservings.Peoplewithwheatpreferencetendtoeatlargebowlsofnoodleswithfewervegetablesorlessmeat,andsometimesevenwithalargeamountofoil.Theresearchersconcludedthatcomparedwithpreferenceforwheat,preferenceforrice,orchangingfromwheattoricecouldbeassociatedwithlowerrisksofoverallfataccumulation,especiallyforindividualswithnormalweight.Theyalsonotedthatgiventhevastterritoryanddiverseethnicgroups,furtherstudiesmaybenecessarytofullyunderstandtheregionalspecificityandpotentialreasonsfortheobservedlinks.5．Howdidtheresearchersarrangethesubjects?A．Bytheage.B．Bythegender.C．Bytheirterritory.D．Bytheirstaplefood.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresults?A．Wecantakeinasmuchriceaspossible.B．Wheatintakemakespeoplefatandunhealthy.C．Obesityriskscangetlowerwiththeshiftofstaplefood.D．Womenareeasiertogetfatbyconsumingtoomuchwheat.7．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Howpeoplecooktheirmeals.B．Whatpeopleshouldeatfortheirhealth.C．Whypeopleeasilygetfatbyintakeofwheat.D．Whatingredientsshouldbeincludedinthediet.8．Whatcanwelearnabouttheresultsoftheresearchfromthelastparagraph?A．Morestudiesshouldbedonetobetterunderstandtheconnection.B．Peoplefromdifferentplaceshavedifferentpreferencesforfood.C．Overweightpeopleshouldn'teatanywheatfood.D．Peoplewithnormalweightwon'tgainfatagain.Passage4(2024·陜西西安質檢)In2007,theAfricanUnionannouncedanambitiousproject—toplanttheGreatGreenWall(GGW),abandoftreesthatwouldstretchthelengthoftheSahel.TheGGWisanecologicalrestorationprojectdesignedbyAfricanpeopleforAfricanpeople.Heavyrains,droughts,wildfiresandlandslideshaveallbecomecommonthroughouttheworld.ButnowhereisquiteliketheSahel.InthishugeAfricanregion,climatechangehasmaterialisedinadramaticmanner.Insomecases,thesevereconditionshaveleftpeoplewithnooptionotherthantomigrateelsewheretosurvive.Itwaswithallofthisinmindthattheextraordinary,butheavilydebatedprojectwasfirstputforward.Fourteenyearshavepassedsincetheinitiativeformallykickedoff.Thestatedgoalwastocreatea15kilometrewide,8，000kilometrelonggreenbeltoftreesandotherplantsthat,by2030,wouldspan(跨越)theentirewidthoftheSahel,fromSenegaltoDjibouti.Overall,100millionhectares(公頃)oflandwouldberestoredby2030．Oncecompleted,thewallcouldendupcapturing(俘獲)250milliontonnesofcarbondioxide,whileitscreationandupkeepcouldcreatetenmillionjobsinruralareas.Lookingattheprojectasawhole,there'sstillalongwaytogo.AccordingtoastatusreportbytheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification,aboutfourmillionhectaresofdegradedlandhavebeenrestored.Thismeansthatprogresstowardsthe100millionhectarestargetstandsatjustfourpercent.“Whenwestartedrestoringthesoil,werealisedtheareaatriskwasmuchwiderthanweinitiallythought，”explainsElvisPaulTangem,theAfricanUnion'sGGWcoordinator.“Wehadfewfundstopushtheinitiativeasmuchaswewantedto.Therewasskepticismamonginvestors,whodidn'tunderstandtheproject,butalsoamongtheAfricanstatesthemselves,whichneededtimetofigureoutiftheGGWwasapriority.”1．WhatisthepurposeoftheGGWproject?A．Toimprovelocalecology. B．Todevelopruraleconomy.C．Topredictclimatepatterns. D．Tostrengthenregionalties.2．WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph3showoftheinitiative?A．Theserviceperiod. B．Thetotalbudget.C．Thetargetedgroups. D．Theexpectedbenefits.3．HowdoesElvisPaulTangemfeelabouttheproject?A．Skeptical.

B．Worried.C．Confident.

D．Satisfied.4．Whatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthetext?A．Africancountriesshouldstandtogether.B．TheprogressoftheGGWprojectisslow.C．Fightingclimatechangeisourtoppriority.D．Naturaldisastersareworsethanwethought.

Passage5(2024·四川成都模擬)Whilericeandwheatarethetwomostcommonlyconsumedgrainsworldwide,astudycoveringmorethan100，000peoplehasrevealedthatchoosingriceasastaple(主要的)foodmayresultinalowerriskofobesity(肥胖).Researcherscollecteddatafromparticipantsaged35to74.Theparticipantsrespondedtoquestionnairesviafacetofaceinterviews,providinginformationabouttheirmedicalhistoryandlifestyle,suchasdietarystatusandphysicalactivity.Theresearchersdividedthemintothreegroupsaccordingtotheirweeklyriceandwheatintake.Thefirstgroupeatsriceastheirstaplefood,consumingiteitherdailyorfourtosixtimesperweek.Thesecondgroup'sstaplefoodiswheat,andthethirdgroupconsumesbothriceandwheatastheirstaplefood,withsimilarfrequency.Theresultsshowthatricepreferencemaybeassociatedwithalowerriskofcertainobesitytypesandthathigherwheatintakewasassociatedwithhigherrisksofexcessivebodyfatinmenandwomen.However,whenwheatloverschangedtheirstaplefoodtoricefivetimesperweek,theparticipantsshoweda36.5percentlowerriskofobesityinmenanda20.5percentlowerriskinwomen.Accordingtotheresearchers,wheatflourabsorbslesswaterthanricewhencooked,partlyresultinginahigherenergydensityofwheatthanrice.Meanwhile,ricebaseddietarypatternsoftenhavemorefreshvegetables,legumes,meatandfishservings.Peoplewithwheatpreferencetendtoeatlargebowlsofnoodleswithfewervegetablesorlessmeat,andsometimesevenwithalargeamountofoil.Theresearchersconcludedthatcomparedwithpreferenceforwheat,preferenceforrice,orchangingfromwheattoricecouldbeassociatedwithlowerrisksofoverallfataccumulation,especiallyforindividualswithnormalweight.Theyalsonotedthatgiventhevastterritoryanddiverseethnicgroups,furtherstudiesmaybenecessarytofullyunderstandtheregionalspecificityandpotentialreasonsfortheobservedlinks.5．Howdidtheresearchersarrangethesubjects?A．Bytheage. B．Bythegender.C．Bytheirterritory. D．Bytheirstaplefood.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresults?A．Wecantakeinasmuchriceaspossible.B．Wheatintakemakespeoplefatandunhealthy.C．Obesityriskscangetlowerwiththeshiftofstaplefood.D．Womenareeasiertogetfatbyconsumingtoomuchwheat.7．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Howpeoplecooktheirmeals.B．Whatpeopleshouldeatfortheirhealth.C．Whypeopleeasilygetfatbyintakeofwheat.D．Whatingredientsshouldbeincludedinthediet.8．Whatcanwelearnabouttheresultsoftheresearchfromthelastparagraph?A．Morestudiesshouldbedonetobetterunderstandtheconnection.B．Peoplefromdifferentplaceshavedifferentpreferencesforfood.C．Overweightpeopleshouldn'teatanywheatfood.D．Peoplewithnormalweightwon'tgainfatagain.

第二部分：進階訓練Passage6(2024·吉林長春摸底)TheSaharaistheworld'slargestandmostmagicdesert,butknowledgeaboutitissurprisinglylimited.Evenestimatesofwhenitformedvarywidely,frommorethanfivemillionyearsagotomerethousands.Now,however,geologistsstudyingwindcarriedSaharandustontheCanaryIslandshavecomeclosertosettlingthis:itis,theyreport,closetofivemillionyearsold.OnereasonfortheuncertaintyovertheSahara'sageisthatresearchersusedifferentmethodstoestimateit.Theseincludestudyingdesertdustfoundinsediment(沉積物)undertheAtlanticOcean,analysingsandstoneandmodellingtheancientclimate.Tohelpsettletheuncertainty,DanielMuhs,geomorphologistoftheUSGeologicalSurvey,andhiscolleagueslookedatsedimentonSpain'sCanaryIslands.TheyfoundevidenceofSaharandust.Thedustappearedinancientsoillayers(層),whoseagetheyassessedonthebasisoffossils(化石)foundinthesamelayers—andthatageagreedwiththeearliermarinesedimentstudies.TheresearchersreportedtheirfindingsinNovemberinPalaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology.“Theconclusionofthestudyisverygood，”saysZhongshiZhang,aclimatemodellerattheUniversityofBergeninNorway,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.“Becausethedustfoundontheislandsisdistinctfromtheocean'srecord，”Zhangadds,“ithelpstobuildthecaseforafivemillionyearage.”TheSaharaisthebiggestsourceofwindcarrieddustintheworld—andthatdust'sjourneydoesnotendintheCanaryIslands,whichliejustoffthewesterncoastofAfrica.ItcontinuesontoplacessuchastheAmazonrainforestinSouthAmerica,Danielnotes.Amazonsoilsarepoorinnutrients,andhesaysthenewresultshelptoshowhowrichdustfromAfricacouldhavebeensupportingtheSouthAmericanregion'sincrediblebiodiversityformillionsofyears—addingtotheAmazon'sownoriginstory.5．HowdidDanielsettletheformationtimeoftheSahara?A．BymodellingtheancientclimateinSpain'sislands.B．BystudyingthedesertdustundertheAtlanticOcean.C．Byassessingtheageofthedustinancientsoillayers.D．ByanalysingthewindcarriedsandstoneintheSahara.6．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theirfindings”inParagraph2referto?A．Theappearanceofthedust.B．Theformationoftwolayers.C．TheageoftheSaharandust.D．Theagreementoftwolayers.7．WhatcontributestothebiodiversityoftheSouthAmerica?A．TheSaharandust. B．TheAmazonsoils.C．TheAmazonrainforest. D．Thecoastalwaters.8．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheStudyoftheSahara B．TheBirthoftheSaharaC．TheSourceoftheSahara D．TheEffectoftheSaharaPassage7(2023·遼寧沈陽三模)Storiesofimmigrantsattractmealot,especiallythelifestoriesofItalianswhohavecometoAmericasincethe1700s.IneachofthesestoriesIseeelementsofmyownstory,thatofleavingmybirthplaceandfamilyandcreatinganewlifeinadifferentcultureandinadifferentlanguage.ThechildofItalianimmigrantsandanawardwinningscholarofItalianliterature,JosephLuzzistruggledtocreateorfindhisownidentityfromanearlyageinthebookMyTwoItalies.Evenmoreproblematicforhimwas“which”Italyto“choose”，theoneheinherited(繼承)fromhisfamily,poorandlinkedtooldtraditionsandcustomshefindsrudeandsomewhatcruel,ortheonehefindsinliteratureandartbooksthatshowhimacountrywithamodernliteraryculture.ThechoicebecomesevensadderasinhisprofessionallifehebecomesascholarofItalianliteratureandculture.Hedescribesepisodesofhisyouththatshowtheclashbetweenthefirstandthesecondgenerationimmigrantsthatarebothfunnyandtragicomic(悲喜劇式的).TheseepisodeshighlightthedailycustomshisparentsbroughtfromtheirhometownthatareinconflictwithJoseph'sdesireto“fitin”theAmericanculture.Joseph'svisitstoItalyasastudentandthenasascholardeepenthedividebetweenhistwoItaliesandhighlighthisquestforidentity.Theauthor'spersonalchangesarefullofquotesandcommentsontheculturalandpoliticallandscapeofItaly.IfindthathisinsightsoncontemporaryItalianculturalandpoliticalphenomenaareparticularlyinteresting.Inthisbook,JosephtouchesorcommentsindepthaboutseveralissuesconcerningItalianlife,suchastherelationshipbetweendialects(方言)andtheofficial“Italian”language,andtheSouthern“question”ortheuneasyinteractionbetweenNorthernandSouthernItalians.Ienjoyedreadingthisbook.Itispersonal,moving,educationalandentertaining.Ihopeyouwillenjoyittoo!5．Whyistheauthorinterestedinstoriesofimmigrants?A．HecametoAmericain1700．B．HewantstoliveanItalianlife.C．Hecanseehimselfinthesestories.D．HelikestolearntheItalianlanguage.6．WhichofthefollowingismoredifficultforJosephtodealwith?A．ChoosingrightItalianidentity.B．Inheritinghisparents'wealth.C．Bridgingthegenerationgap.D．Becomingaliteraryscholar.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clash”meaninParagraph3?A．Cooperation.

B．Distance.C．Similarity.

D．Conflict.8．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport.

B．Abookreview.C．Achildren'sstory.

D．Adiaryentry.Passage8(2024·吉林長春摸底)Justabout50yearsago,needingmoneytosupportmyfamily—mynovelsweren'tbestsellers—Ihadtheideaoftakingthelongesttraintripimaginableandwritingatravelbookaboutit.Thetripwasimprovisational(即興的).Ididn'thaveacreditcard.IhadnoideawhereI'dbestayingnorhowlongthistripwouldtake.AndI'dneverwrittenatravelbookbefore.Ihopedmytripwouldn'tsufferalot,thoughitwasobviouslyaleapinthedark.

Isetoffwithonesmallbagcontainingclothes,amapofAsia,atravelguidebookandsometravellers'cheques.Iwasofteninconvenienced,sometimesthreatened,nowandthendisturbedforbribes,occasionallylaidupwithfoodpoisoning—allthisvividdetailformynarrative.

WhatIrepeatedinthemorethanfourmonthtripwasthepleasureofthesleepingcar.WritingonboardtheKhyberMailtoLahoreinPakistan,“Theromanceassociatedwiththesleepingcarcomesfromthefactthatitisextremelyprivate,combiningthebestfeaturesofacupboardwithforwardmovement.Whateverdramaisbeingshowninthismovingbedroomisheightenedbythelandscapepassingthewindow...”Atrainisacarrierthatallowsresidence.

IwroteTheGreatRailwayBazaaronmyreturnin1974,anditappearedtogoodreviewsandquicksales.That'sthepast.Nothingisthesame.Alltravelistimerelated.Allsuchtripsaresingularandunrepeatable.It'snotjustthatthesteamtrainsofAsiaaregone,butmuchofthepeaceandorderisgone.Who'driskanIraniantrainnowortakeabusthroughAfghanistan?

ButI'vebeensurprisedbysomeofthemorerecentdevelopmentsintravel.IrodeonChinesetrainsforayearandwroteRidingtheIronRooster,butnowChinahasmuchcleanerandswiftertrainsandmoderniseddestinations.AtravellertodaycouldtakethesametripItookin1986—1987andproduceacompletelydifferentbook.Alltravelbooksaredated.That'stheirfaultthatthey'reoutdated,andit'stheirvirtuethattheypreservesomethingofthepastthatwouldotherwisebelost.1．Whathappenedatthebeginningoftheauthor'striptoAsia?A．Hemadefullpreparationsforthetrip.B．Hehadexpectedthejourneytoberough.C．Heorganisedthetripwithhisfamily'ssupport.D．Hestartedthetripoutofhispassionfortravelling.2．Whydidtheauthorrepeatedlyrecallthesleepingcar?A．Foritsromanticscenery.B．Foritsreassuringprivacy.C．Foritsfullequipment.D．Foritslongdistance.3．Whatdidtheauthortrytoconveybysaying“Nothingisthesame”？A．ThelandscapeinAsiawasgone.B．Traintripwasnolongerpopular.C．Hecouldn'twriteanotherbestseller.D．Transportationandtravelhadchangedalot.4．Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagreewith?A．Practicemakesperfect.B．Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.C．Travel,truthisnotthearrivalcard.D．Thejourney,notthearrivalmatters.Passage9(2024·吉林長春摸底)TheSaharaistheworld'slargestandmostmagicdesert,butknowledgeaboutitissurprisinglylimited.Evenestimatesofwhenitformedvarywidely,frommorethanfivemillionyearsagotomerethousands.Now,however,geologistsstudyingwindcarriedSaharandustontheCanaryIslandshavecomeclosertosettlingthis:itis,theyreport,closetofivemillionyearsold.OnereasonfortheuncertaintyovertheSahara'sageisthatresearchersusedifferentmethodstoestimateit.Theseincludestudyingdesertdustfoundinsediment(沉積物)undertheAtlanticOcean,analysingsandstoneandmodellingtheancientclimate.Tohelpsettletheuncertainty,DanielMuhs,geomorphologistoftheUSGeologicalSurvey,andhiscolleagueslookedatsedimentonSpain'sCanaryIslands.TheyfoundevidenceofSaharandust.Thedustappearedinancientsoillayers(層),whoseagetheyassessedonthebasisoffossils(化石)foundinthesamelayers—andthatageagreedwiththeearliermarinesedimentstudies.TheresearchersreportedtheirfindingsinNovemberinPalaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology.“Theconclusionofthestudyisverygood，”saysZhongshiZhang,aclimatemodellerattheUniversityofBergeninNorway,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.“Becausethedustfoundontheislandsisdistinctfromtheocean'srecord，”Zhangadds,“ithelpstobuildthecaseforafivemillionyearage.”TheSaharaisthebiggestsourceofwindcarrieddustintheworld—andthatdust'sjourneydoesnotendintheCanaryIslands,whichliejustoffthewesterncoastofAfrica.ItcontinuesontoplacessuchastheAmazonrainforestinSouthAmerica,Danielnotes.Amazonsoilsarepoorinnutrients,andhesaysthenewresultshelptoshowhowrichdustfromAfricacouldhavebeensupportingtheSouthAmericanregion'sincrediblebiodiversityformillionsofyears—addingtotheAmazon'sownoriginstory.5．HowdidDanielsettletheformationtimeoftheSahara?A．BymodellingtheancientclimateinSpain'sislands.B．BystudyingthedesertdustundertheAtlanticOcean.C．Byassessingtheageofthedustinancientsoillayers.D．ByanalysingthewindcarriedsandstoneintheSahara.6．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theirfindings”inParagraph2referto?A．Theappearanceofthedust.B．Theformationoftwolayers.C．TheageoftheSaharandust.D．Theagreementoftwolayers.7．WhatcontributestothebiodiversityoftheSouthAmerica?A．TheSaharandust.B．TheAmazonsoils.C．TheAmazonrainforest.D．Thecoastalwaters.8．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheStudyoftheSaharaB．TheBirthoftheSaharaC．TheSourceoftheSaharaD．TheEffectoftheSaharaPassage10(2023·遼寧沈陽二模)Peoplewhogivelivelonger,studieshaveshown.Now,anewstudybytheUniversityofMichiganresearchersshowsthatwhypeoplevolunteer—notwhethertheyvolunteer—iswhatreallycounts.Forthestudy,Konrathandcolleaguesanalyseddatacollectedin2008and2012aimingatthesamerandomsamplesof3，376people.Overall,theyfoundthatjust2.3percentofthosewhoonceworkedasvolunteershaddied,comparedto4.3percentofnonvolunteers.Theyfurtherfoundthathowmuchpeoplevolunteeredmatteredaswell—only1.8percentofregularvolunteersdied,comparedwith2.5percentofoccasionalvolunteers.Butwhatreallymadeadifferencewerepeople'smotivesforvolunteering.Theresearchersaskedpeopletoratehowimportanttheyfoundvariousreasonsforvolunteering,andtheyfoundthatthemoreimportantpeopleratedreasonssuchasfeelingpityforpeopleinneed,themorelikelytheyweretobealive.Thosewhoratedmotivesrelatedtopersonalbenefitasmoreimportantweremorelikelytohavedied,andjustaslikelytodieasthosewhodidn'tvolunteeratall.Thesereasonsincludedvolunteeringbecausetheyenjoyedthesocialcontact,toescapetheirownproblems,ortoexploretheirownstrengths.Konrathsaysthecurrentfindingssuggestitmaybeapoorideatoencouragepeopletovolunteerbecauseit'sgoodforthem.“Volunteeringisincreasinglybeingencouragedinschoolsandorganisations.Somegroupssaythatit'sokaytowantbenefitsforyourself,andencouragepeopletothinkofvolunteeringasanexchangeforpersonalinterests.Somegroupsemphasisethehealthbenefitsreceivedthroughvolunteering.”Konrathadded,“Ofcourse,it'sreasonableforvolunteerstoexpectbenefitsforthemselves.Butthepotentialhealthbenefitsofvolunteeringaresignificantlyreducedifselfbenefitbecomesaperson'smainmotive.”5．Whatdoesthenewstudymainlyfind?A．Howwevolunteermakessensetoothers.B．Howoftenwevolunteermakesadifference.C．Whetherwevolunteerdecidesourwellbeing.D．Whywevolunteerhasanimpactonourhealth.6．Howdidtheresearchersdotheresearch?A．Bydoingexperiments. B．Throughfieldresearch.C．Byanalysingstatistics. D．Throughgroupdiscussion.7．Whichofthefollowingmotiveswillprobablycontributetoalongerlife?A．Developingabilities.B．Helpingthepoorpeople.C．Makingmorefriends.D．Solvingpersonalproblems.8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Practicalsuggestion