Verificationofperformanceenhancements性能提升驗證ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.DanielW.Bernadett,P.E.October2018Beijing,ChinaAdvancedcontrols先進的控制Nacellelidarforturbinecontrol用于風電機組控制的機艙激光雷達Vortexgenerators渦輪發生器ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.2Performanceenhancements性能提升IncreasePerformance增加性能DecreaseLoads降低載荷Magnitudemaybe1-2%量級可以達到1-2%ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.3Performanceenhancements性能提升Traditionalpowerperformancetesting(IEC61400-12-1)mayhaveuncertaintyof3-5%(largerthanperformanceimprovement)傳統的功率性能測試（IEC61400-12-1）可能具有3-5％的不確定度（大于性能改進）Mustuseadifferentmethod必須使用不同的方法ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.4Uncertainty不確定度Poweroutputofadjacentturbinesisdirectlycomparedforeachwindspeedbinbeforeandafterperformanceenhancement在性能提升之前和之后，對每個風速比恩(bin)直接比較相鄰風電機組的功率輸出Bydirectlycomparingpoweroutput,windspeedmeasurementuncertaintyisavoided通過直接比較功率輸出，避免了風速測量的不確定性Resultinguncertaintyis~1%造成的不確定性約為1％ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.5Side-by-side/before-after并排/前后Aerodynamicadd-onwasappliedtoonewindturbine空氣動力學附加裝置應用于一個風力發電機Poweroutputwascomparedtocontrolturbineswherenochangesweremade將功率輸出與未進行任何改變的控制風電機進行比較AEPimproved0.9%±0.3%年發電量提高0.9％±0.3％ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.6CaseStudyA案例研究AInthiscase,performanceincreasedatlowerwindspeedsanddecreasedathigherwindspeeds在這種情況下，性能在較低的風速下增加，在較高的風速下下降AEPimprovementwilldependonwindspeedfrequencydistribution年發電量的提高將取決于風速頻率分布ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.7CaseStudyA案例研究AULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.8CaseStudyA案例研究AAEP?(%)年發電量A(m/s)k2.2%72.51.1%82.50.5%92.50.2%102.50.0%112.51.2%91.50.8%920.5%92.50.2%93Inthiscase,AEPisstronglydependentonA&k在這種情況下，年發電量強烈依賴于A＆kULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.9CaseStudy(A)案例研究A

Case案例TurbinePair風電機對BeforeDates日期前AfterDates日期后Direction風向AEPΔ(%)年發電量1A/BJunetoAugust6月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月280-3200.92*2A/BJunetoAugust6月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月All所有1.483A/BJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoApril8月至4月280-3200.554A/BJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoApril8月至4月All所有2.225C/DJunetoAugust6月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月All所有-0.556C/DJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月All所有0.587E/FJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月135-2350.008E/FJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月All所有0.05PerformanceimprovementΔ(%)isstronglyafunctionofturbinepair,beforeandafterdaterange,anddirectionsector性能提升Δ（％）強烈地是風電機對、日期范圍之前和之后以及方向扇區的函數ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.10CaseStudy(A)案例研究(A)

Bestestimate*Δ(%)wasmadebasedonjudgmenttobestrepresentthewindfarm最佳估計*Δ（％）是根據最佳代表風電場的判斷而得出的Needtoconsiderallvariablesbeforerecommendingbestestimate在推薦最佳估計之前需要考慮所有變量UncertaintydeterminedbyMonteCarlosimulationusingsamplesofthetrainingandtestdata使用訓練樣本和測試數據的蒙特卡羅仿真確定不確定度Differentaerodynamicadd-onthanCaseStudyA與案例研究A不同的空氣動力學附加裝置AEPimprovementalmostthesameasCaseStudyA,butinoppositewindspeedareas年發電量提升與案例研究A幾乎相同，但在相反的風速區域ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.11CaseStudyb案例研究BInthiscase,performancedecreasedatlowerwindspeedsandincreasedathigherwindspeeds在這種情況下，性能在較低的風速下降低，在較高的風速下增加MagnitudeofperformancechangeislowerthanCaseStudyA性能變化的幅度低于案例研究A.ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.12CaseStudyB案例研究BULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.13CaseStudyB案例研究BInthiscase,AEPhaslessdependenceonA&k在這種情況下，年發電量對A＆k的依賴性較小AEP?(%)年發電量A(m/s)k0.9%72.50.9%82.50.8%92.50.7%102.50.6%112.50.5%91.50.6%920.8%92.50.9%93ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.14CaseStudy(c)案例研究(C)

Turbinewithstandardbladesiscomparedtosametypeturbinewithaerodynamicadd-ons將帶有標準葉片的風電機與擁有空氣動力附加裝置的相同類型的風電機進行比較Inthiscase,powertopowercomparisonwasnotperformed.Comparisonismadeusingtraditionalmetmastpowercurves在這種情況下，不進行功率比較。使用傳統的測風桿功率曲線進行比較Bladeswithaerodynamicadd-onsproduce0.4%moreAEP帶有空氣動力學附加裝置的葉片，年發電量增加0.4％Uncertaintybasedonwindspeedmeasurementwas5-6%基于風速測量的不確定度為5-6％ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.15CaseStudy(c)案例研究(C)IncrementalproductionisthesameathighandlowwindspeedssoAEPimpactdoesnotdependonwindspeedfrequencydistribution在高風和低風速下增量生產是相同的，因此年發電量影響不依賴于風速頻率分布ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.16CaseStudy(c)案例研究(C)

Inthiscase,AEPvarieslittlewithA&k在這種情況下，年發電量與A和k的變化很小AEP?(%)年發電量A(m/s)k0.6%72.50.5%82.50.4%92.50.4%102.50.4%112.50.4%91.50.4%920.4%92.50.5%93Thetogglemethodisrecommendedforcontrollerchanges建議對控制器更改使用切換方法Stilluseside-by-sideturbines,buttoggletestturbinecontrollersettings仍然使用并排風電機，但切換測試風電機控制器設置10minutetogglingbleedsintonextdatainterval10分鐘切換滲入到下一個數據間隔5hourintervalfortoggling切換時間間隔為5小時24hoursnotdivisibleby5sotimeofdayiscycled24小時不能被5整除，所以一天中的時間循環NeedOEMinvolvementtotogglecontroller需要制造廠OEM參與切換控制器Needcleardatatoknowifenhancementisenabledornot需要明確的數據才能知道是否啟用了提升功能ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.17Side-by-side/Togglemethod并排/切換方法Loadscanalsobemonitoredandcomparedtoquantifyloadsreductionofcontrolsoraerodynamicmodifications還可以采用量化載荷減少的控制或空氣動力學改變，進行載荷監測和比較。ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.18Loadsreduction載荷減少Mustmakesurecontrollersettingsareconsistent必須確保控制器設置一致Controllersettingscanbechangedinadvertently可以隨意更改控制器設置(i.e.turbineisde-energizeandtechnicianforgetstoresetsettings如，風電機斷電而且技術人員忘記重置設置)ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC?2017.Proprietary&Confidential.19Continuityofcontrollerchanges控制器改變的連續性Performanceenhancementscanbemadebyadvancedcontrols(withorw/onacellelidar),vo